说明：  SOC估计是电动汽车电池管理系统的重要功能。研究人员为了提高电动汽车电池SOC估计的准确性做了大量研究工作，采用的主要方法有：放电实验法、Ah计量法、开路电压法、负载电压法、内阻法、线性模型法、神经网络法和卡尔曼滤 波法。讨论了电池SOC定义；介绍了各种SOC估计方法的原理及应用中存在的优缺点；分析了充放电倍率、温度、自放电、老化等因素对SOC的影响；评价了各种SOC估计方法。
(SOC estimation was all important function of electric vehicle battery management system. Researchers had done much work to improve SOC estimation accuracy. Discharge test, ampere hour measurement, open circuit voltage, constant current voltage, internal resistance, linear model, neural network and Kalman fiher were taken out. Definition of SOC was discussed, principies of these methods for SOC estimation were intreduced, advantages and disadvantages of these methods during applications were given, factors which influenced SOC estimation, such as charge-discharge rate, temperature, self discharge and aging were analyzed, and these methods were valued.)