说明：  In this paper, an anisotropic formulation of the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) damage model is used for simulating the deep-drawing of a rectangular box made from an AA6016-T4 metallic sheet. The model is implemented as a VUMAT routine in the ABAQUS/Explicit finite-element code. The material parameters involved in the constitutive relationships are determined by means of an identification procedure that combines the response surface methodology (RSM) and the simulation of a uniaxial tensile test. In order to assess the predictive performances of the GTN model, different levels of the blank-holding force are assumed in the finite-element analysis of the deep