说明：  本文对蚁群算法的基本理论以及在 TSP 问题中的应用进行了系统研究和 MATLAB 仿真。介绍了蚁群算法的基本原理、特点和算法的实现方法。.基本蚁群算法由于存在搜索时间长，易陷入局部最优解等突出缺点，使得求解效果不是很好。针对这些缺陷，提出了改进的蚁群算法（最大-最小蚂蚁系统）求解 TSP 问题。改进主要在于限制路径信息素浓度、信息素的初始值以及强调对最优解得利用这三个方面。
(In this paper, the basic theory of ant colony algorithm and its application in TSP are studied systematically and simulated by MATLAB. This paper introduces the basic principle, characteristics and implementation of ant colony algorithm. The basic ant colony algorithm is not very good because of its long search time and easy to fall into the local optimal solution. Aiming at these defects, an improved ant colony algorithm (maximum minimum ant system) is proposed to solve TSP. The main improvements are to limit the concentration of pheromone, the initial value of pheromone and to emphasize the utilization of the optimal solution.)