说明：  内容简介： 多年来，NASA任务一直在逐步增加飞行和地面系统的自主权，以增加从任务返回的科学数据量，执行新科学并降低任务成本。在1990年代初期，美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心的研究人员开始研究用于地面控制系统和航天器的人工智能技术。该研究始于开发和试验专家系统以自动化地面系统软件，并减少控制航天器所需的人员。接下来是对基于代理的技术和自主系统概念的研究，这些技术和技术旨在增强未来的空间任务自我管理和在其运行的恶劣环境中的生存能力。
(Over the years, NASA missions have been gradually adding autonomy to flight and ground systems to increase the amount of science data returned from missions, perform new science, and reduce mission costs. In the early 1990s, a group of researchers at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center began researching artificial intelligence techniques for application to ground control systems and spacecraft. The research started by developing and experimenting with expert systems to automate ground system software and reduce the number of people needed to control a spacecraft. This was followed by research into agent-based technologies and autonomic systems concepts directed towards enhancing future space-mission self-management and survivability in the harsh environments in which they operate.)