文件列表:

HWM14\._HWM14 (216, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\An update to the Horizontal Wind Model The quiet time thermosphere(2015).pdf (6526065, 2019-10-14)
HWM14\ess224-sup-0001-supinfo.doc (1191424, 2019-10-14)
HWM14\ess224-sup-0002-supinfo.tgz (216852, 2019-10-14)
HWM14\HWM14\._checkhwm14.f90 (216, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\._dwm07b104i.dat (216, 2015-01-06)
HWM14\HWM14\._gd2qd.dat (216, 2015-01-06)
HWM14\HWM14\._hwm123114.bin (216, 2015-01-06)
HWM14\HWM14\._hwm14.f90 (171, 2015-01-07)
HWM14\HWM14\Check\gfortran.txt (10859, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\Check\ifort.nopt.txt (10877, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\Check\ifort.opt.txt (10877, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\Check\PaxHeader\gfortran.txt (122, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\Check\PaxHeader\ifort.nopt.txt (160, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\Check\PaxHeader\ifort.opt.txt (160, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\checkhwm14.f90 (19622, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\dwm07b104i.dat (4848, 2015-01-06)
HWM14\HWM14\gd2qd.dat (1500, 2015-01-06)
HWM14\HWM14\hwm123114.bin (193608, 2015-01-06)
HWM14\HWM14\hwm14.f90 (45276, 2015-01-07)
HWM14\HWM14\makefile (357, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\PaxHeader\._checkhwm14.f90 (122, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\PaxHeader\._dwm07b104i.dat (122, 2015-01-06)
HWM14\HWM14\PaxHeader\._gd2qd.dat (122, 2015-01-06)
HWM14\HWM14\PaxHeader\._hwm123114.bin (122, 2015-01-06)
HWM14\HWM14\PaxHeader\._hwm14.f90 (122, 2015-01-07)
HWM14\HWM14\PaxHeader\Check (160, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\PaxHeader\checkhwm14.f90 (160, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\PaxHeader\dwm07b104i.dat (122, 2015-01-06)
HWM14\HWM14\PaxHeader\gd2qd.dat (122, 2015-01-06)
HWM14\HWM14\PaxHeader\hwm123114.bin (122, 2015-01-06)
HWM14\HWM14\PaxHeader\hwm14.f90 (160, 2015-01-07)
HWM14\HWM14\PaxHeader\makefile (160, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\PaxHeader\._HWM14 (122, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\PaxHeader\HWM14 (161, 2015-01-09)
HWM14\HWM14\Check\PaxHeader (0, 2019-10-14)
... ...

Horizontal Wind Model 2014 (HWM14) Version HWM14.123114 VERSION HISTORY 31 Dec 2014 (Release version) PACKAGE CONTENTS README.txt This file hwm14.f90 Source code for HWM14 and DWM07 hwm123114.bin Binary Data file containing quiet-time HWM parameters dwm07b104i.dat Data file containing DWM parameters gd2qd.dat Data file containing parameters for QD coordinate conversion makefile Very simple example Makefile checkhwm14.f90 Test driver and test output data Check/ifort.opt.txt Test driver results, Intel Fortran (v14.0.0) default flags Check/ifort.nopt.txt Test driver results, Intel Fortran (v14.0.0) no optimization Check/gfortan.txt Test driver results, gfortran (v4.8.1) default flags POINT OF CONTACT Douglas P. Drob and John Emmert Space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory 4555 Overlook Ave. Washington, DC 20375 douglas.drob@nrl.navy.mil REFERENCES Drob, D. P., et al. (2015), An Update to the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM): The Quiet Time Thermosphere, Earth and Space Science, submitted. Drob, D. P., et al. (2008), An Empirical Model of the Earth's Horizontal Wind Fields: HWM07, J. Geophys Res., 113, doi:10.1029/2008JA013668. Emmert, J. T., et al. (2008), DWM07 global empirical model of upper thermospheric storm-induced disturbance winds, J. Geophys Res., 113, doi:10.1029/2008JA013541. COMPILER NOTES - The model package has been compiled succesfully with the following FORTRAN compiler system combinations: Intel (Windows, Linux, Mac), pgi (Linux), and gfortran (Mac, Linux). - No special compiler flags or options should be needed; but as the result of rounding, optimization, and floating point instruction reordering various compiler result in slightly different numerical results on the order of 1 x 10^-4 (i.e. +/- 1 mm/s) in certain regions of space and time. These differences are negligable with respect to the HWM14 empirical model's other climatological and observational uncertainties. The results from gfortran (v4.8.1) and the ifort (intel) compiler without optimizations (-00) are identical. The default optimization level for the intel fortran compiler is '-O2', so example reaults from 'ifort -O0' and 'ifort' differ slightly. See included files Check/ifort.nopt.txt (ifort -O0), Check/gfortran.txt (gfortran), and Check/ifort.opt.txt (ifort -O2). RELEASE NOTES HWM14 contains several updates to HWM07 and HWM93 Improvements to the code include: - A more efficient routine (ALFBASIS) for computing associated Legendre functions and the latitude portion of vector spherical harmonic functions. - A new routine for the conversion of geodetic to Quasi-Dipole coordinates for the disturbance wind component. This is now done using a spherical harmonic expansion of QD coordinates, rather than gridded interpolation. This modification results in slightly different disturbance winds than in the previous version, because the representation is not exact. The difference is less than 1 m/s. - The code has been streamlined and combined into a single file. - The FORTRAN90 module layout has been reorganized to be compatable with the python NUMPY f2py feature. HWM14 requires three binary data files: hwm123114.bin, dwm07b104i.dat, and gd2qd.dat. These file should be located in one of the following locations; 1) directory from which the program is run, 2) a subdirectory "../Meta/" with respect to the directory from which the program is run; and/or 3) in a directory defined by the shell variable HWMPATH. See the subroutine findandopen() for additional details. MODEL FORMULATION This is an update to the HWM07 empirical model of horizontal winds in the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere, [Drob, D. P., et al. (2008), An Empirical Model of the Earth's Horizontal Wind Fields: HWM07, J. Geophys Res., 113, doi:10.1029/2008JA013668.] which also supersedes HWM93 [Hedin et al., J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., vol. 58, 1421-1447, 1996]. In addition to the date used in HWM93, the HWM07 used extensive new ground-based and space- based wind measurements, including height profiles from NASA-UARS/WINDII, NASA-UARS/HRDI, measurements from ground-based optical and radar instruments obtained from the NSF-CEDAR database, and lower atmospheric NCEP data. This model (HWM14) now includes additional ground-based 630-nm FPI wind measurements at both equatorial and high latitudes (~250 km altitude), in addition to cross track accelerometer wind measurements from the GOCE satellite (~250 km altitude). As in HWM07, in the thermosphere, the model consists of two parts: a quiet-time portion, and a geomagnetically disturbed portion. The quiet-time part represents average wind conditions when ap <= 12. The disturbed part represents average perturbation winds for the specified ap input. The quiet part is represented by vector spherical harmonics in geodetic latitude, geodetic longitude, and solar local time, up to wave number 8 in latitude, 2 in longitude, and 3 in local time. The seasonal dependence is represented by harmonic terms up to semiannual. The vertical structure is represented below 250 km by cubic B-splines with node spacing of 5 km below 110 km and higher nodes at 110, 117, 130, 140, 155, 200, and 250 km (modified from HWM07). Above 250 km, an exponential decay function with a scale height of 60 km is used; continuity up to the second derivative is imposed at 250 km. The disturbance winds depend on magnetic latitude, magnetic local time, and Kp. The Quasi-Dipole magnetic coordinates described by Richmond [J Geomagn. Geoelectr., vol. 47, 191-212, 1995] are used for the magnetic coordinates; the code was obtained from the NSF-CEDAR database, and the interpolation grid was computed from IGRF at 250 km and epoch 1994.0 (a modified FORTRAN-90 version of the code, apexcord.f90, is included in this package; it contains only those subroutines needed for reading the interpolation grid and computing QD coordinates). The magnetic latitude and magnetic local time dependence of the disturbance winds is represented by vector spherical harmonics up to wave number 10 in magnetic latitude and wave number 3 in magnetic local time. At mid and low latitudes, only latitudinal terms up to wave number 4 are used; the transition from low resolution at low latitudes to high resolution at high latitudes occurs at a pre-determined latitude that depends on local time and Kp. The transition is made with an exponential function with a width of 4 degrees. The Kp dependence is represented by cubic splines with nodes at 0, 2, 5, and 8. The Kp dependence is constrained to have zero slope at Kp=0 and Kp=8, and is constant above Kp=8. HWM07 ARGUMENT CHANGES FROM HWM93 The input and output argument list remains unchanged from that of HWM93, however some of specifics of the arguments have been modified as follows: - The STL (solar local time) input argument is ignored. Local time is computed from the SEC (UT) and GLON (geographic longitude) input arguments. - Only the second element of the AP argument (the 3-hour ap) is used to compute disturbance winds. - The F107 and F107A arguments are ignored in this version. - Module component on/off switches are not yet fully implemented in this version. There is no longer a TSELEC subroutine. For now, for example if longitudinally averaged winds are desired, the model must be evaluated on a longitude grid and the output averaged by the user. HWM14 ARGUMENT CHANGES FROM HWM07 - None MODEL LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS - The model currently contains no solar activity dependence, and the F107 and F107A arguments are ignored. During the day, solar activity has a relatively insignificant effect on thermospheric winds. At night, however, the effect is signficant. Solar activity dependencies will be included in a future version. - The disturbed part depends only on magnetic latitude, magnetic local time, and Kp (via the ap argument), and represents average disturbance winds in the upper thermosphere (above 225 km). The disturbance winds are assumed to be constant with height, with a smooth artificial cutoff below 125 km. Height, seasonal, and solar activity dependences will be included in a future version. TO GET TOTAL WINDS: Call HWM14 with the following input arguments: IYD - YEAR AND DAY AS YYDDD SEC - UT(SEC) ALT - ALTITUDE(KM) GLAT - GEODETIC LATITUDE(DEG) GLON - GEODETIC LONGITUDE(DEG) STL - Not used F107A - Not used F107 - Not used AP - Two element array with AP(1) = Not used AP(2) = CURRENT 3HR ap INDEX The output argument is W(1) = MERIDIONAL WIND (m/sec + Northward) W(2) = ZONAL WIND (m/sec + Eastward) TO GET QUIET TIME WINDS: Call HWM14 with a negative value for AP(2) TO GET DISTURBANCE WINDS IN GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES: Call DWM07 with the following input arguments: IYD - YEAR AND DAY AS YYDDD SEC - UT(SEC) ALT - ALTITUDE(KM) GLAT - GEODETIC LATITUDE(DEG) GLON - GEODETIC LONGITUDE(DEG) AP - Two element array with AP(1) = Not used AP(2) = CURRENT 3HR ap INDEX The output argument is DW(1) = MERIDIONAL DISTURBANCE WIND (m/sec + Geo. Northward) DW(2) = ZONAL DISTURBANCE WIND (m/sec + Geo. Eastward) TO GET DISTURBANCE WINDS IN MAGNETIC COORDINATES: Call DWM07b with the following input arguments: MLT - MAGNETIC LOCAL TIME (HRS) MLAT - MAGNETIC LATITUDE(DEG) KP - CURRENT 3HR Kp INDEX The output arguments are MMPWIND = MERIDIONAL DISTURBANCE WIND (m/sec + Magnetic Northward) MZPWIND = ZONAL DISTURBANCE WIND (m/sec + Magnetic Eastward)

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