nil
所属分类：编程语言基础
开发工具：GO
文件大小：0KB
下载次数：0
上传日期：2012-06-20 13:04:41
上 传 者：
sh-1993
说明： 函数式编程语言
(Functional programming language)
文件列表:
COPYING (763, 2012-06-20)
example.nil (553, 2012-06-20)
quicksort.nil (611, 2012-06-20)
test.go (24787, 2012-06-20)
nil
===
## Functional programming language
Nil (which stands for `'(not in lisp)`) is a small, functional language with
a bytecode compiler and virtual machine. It's very much a work in progress,
with no fixed specification for even the semantics.
### Types
Types are integers (bignums), floats (double precision), strings,
lists and functions. The literals for the first three are what you'd expect.
Lists are created using the builtin `list` function.
### Forms
- Atom
12.5
"hello"
...
- Function call
(function argument)
(function argument argument)
...
- Definition
(def name value)
- Anonymous Function
(fun (x) (* x x))
(fun (x y) (* y x))
(fun xs (car xs))
- Conditional
(if condition true-case false-case)
- List constructor
(list)
(list 1)
(list 1 2 3 4)
To define a function f(x) = x, you'd say
(def f (fun (x)
(^ x 2)))
This is a function that calculates the product of a list of numbers:
(def product (fun (m)
(if m
(* (car m) (product (cdr m)))
1)))
Where `(car x)` returns the first item of the non-empty list x (the *head*)
and `(cdr x)` returns a new list containing all but that first item (the *tail*).
For a more complicated example, here's the McCarthy 91 function and a loop that
calls it 16 times with a value of 99:
(def M (fun (n)
(if (> n 100.0)
(- n 10.0)
(M (M (+ n 11.0))))))
(def loop (fun (n)
(print (M 99.0))
(if (> n 1.0) (loop (- n 1.0)) 0.0)))
(loop 16.0)
### Bultins
(> a b) - defined on numbers
(= a b) - defined on numbers
(+ a b) - defined on numbers and lists
(- a b) - defined on numbers
(* a b) - defined on numbers
(/ a b) - defined on numbers
(^ a b) - defined on numbers
(print a) - defined on everything
(car a) - defined on lists
(cdr a) - defined on lists
### Running
To compile the source code, and after installing "go" from your distributions
package manager (e.g. `sudo apt-get install golang`), run
go build test.go
Then run programs by typing
./test example.nil
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