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CONTRIBUTING.md (85, 2023-11-29)
LICENSE (1504, 2023-11-29)
ProofOfConcept.md (9768, 2023-11-29)
getapr.py (31180, 2023-11-29)

# getapr Get Address Pairs for socket programming in Python ~~~ Help on module getapr: NAME getapr - Get Address Pairs (getapr) DESCRIPTION This module provides getapr.get_addr_pairs(), which is intended to be used instead of socket.getaddrinfo(). Instead of returning a list of destination addresses, it returns a list of source and destination address pairs. This mitigates the problem of the operating system choosing an inappropriate source address. Nevertheless, upper layer code needs to cycle through the list of address pairs until it makes a successful connection. The module also provides getapr.init_getapr() which initialises the state information and asynchronous processes used by get_addr_pairs(). This initialisation will take at least 10 seconds and includes network probes. If the user does not call this function, it will be called automatically by the first call to get_addr_pairs(). The module also provides getapr.status() which returns a Python dictionary indicating the detected connectivity status. For example, getapr.status()['NPTv6'] is a Boolean indicating whether an NPTv6 or NAT66 translator is present. This code is a prototype. It does not cover all possible complications. It uses two randomly chosen Atlas probes as initial probe targets. IPv6 is always preferred if available. A rolling average latency is recorded and used for sorting results. Some features are missing so far: 1) Source addresses should be ignored if they stop working, to mitigate multihoming outages. 2) The probe targets should be refreshed periodically, to spread load. The prototype was tested on Windows 10 and Linux 5.4.0, and it needs at least Python 3.9. Note for programmers: The handling of interface (a.k.a. scope or zone) identifiers is very different between the Windows and POSIX socket APIs. The code attempts to handle link local addresses consistently despite these differences, but there may be glitches. FUNCTIONS get_addr_pairs(target, port, printing=False) Get source and destination address pairs for the target host. The target is a domain name, or an IPv4 or IPv6 address string. A list of (AF, SA, DA) 3-tuples is returned. The list is empty if no address pair is found. The AF will be socket.AF_INET or socket.AF_INET6 and can be passed directly to socket.socket(). The addresses are returned as tuples that can be passed directly to socket.bind() and socket.connect(). For example, pairs = get_addr_pairs("www.example.com", 80) if pairs: AF, SA, DA = pairs[0] user_sock = socket.socket(AF, socket.SOCK_STREAM) user_sock.bind(SA) user_sock.connect(DA) The port parameter is used only to build the appropriate DA tuple. The user is strongly recommended to try the address pairs in sequence. IPv6 addresses always come first if available. The optional 'printing' parameter controls informational printing and is intended for debugging. init_getapr(printing=False) Initialise data and threads for source address detection and destination probing. The optional 'printing' parameter controls informational printing and is intended for debugging. Initialisation takes at least 10 seconds and includes network probes. status() Returns dictionary showing detected connectivity status. DATA GUA_ok = False IPv4_ok = False LLA_ok = False NAT44 = False NAT44_tried = False NPTv6 = False NPTv6_tried = False RFC1918 = False ULA_ok = False ULA_present = False def_gateway4 = None def_gateway6 = None ~~~

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