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## anytime: Anything to 'POSIXct' or 'Date' Converter [](https://github.com/eddelbuettel/anytime/actions?query=workflow%3Aci) [](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html) [](https://cran.r-project.org/package=anytime) [](https://eddelbuettel.r-universe.dev/anytime) [](https://cran.r-project.org/package=anytime) [](https://cran.r-project.org/package=anytime) [](https://www.r-pkg.org/pkg/anytime) [](https://www.r-pkg.org/pkg/anytime) [](https://app.codecov.io/gh/eddelbuettel/anytime) [](https://github.com/eddelbuettel/anytime) [](https://eddelbuettel.github.io/anytime/) [](https://github.com/openjournals/joss-reviews/issues/1605#issuecomment-517055652) ### Motivation R excels at computing with dates, and times. Using _typed_ representation for your data is highly recommended not only because of the functionality offered but also because of the added safety stemming from proper representation. But there is a small nuisance cost in interactive work as well as in programming. Users must have told `as.POSIXct()` about a million times that the origin is (of course) the [epoch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time). Do we really have to say it a million more times? Similarly, when parsing dates that are _some form_ of YYYYMMDD format, do we really have to manually convert from `integer` or `numeric` or `factor` or `ordered` to character? Having one of several common separators and/or date / time month forms (YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY/MM/DD, YYYYMMDD, YYYY-mon-DD and so on, with or without times), do we really need a format string? Or could a smart converter function do this? `anytime()` aims to be that _general purpose_ converter returning a proper `POSIXct` (or `Date`) object no matter the input (provided it was somewhat parseable), relying on [Boost date_time](https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_61_0/doc/html/date_time.html) for the (efficient, performant) conversion. `anydate()` is an additional wrapper returning a `Date` object instead. ### Documentation Package documentation, help pages, a vignette, and more is available [here](https://eddelbuettel.github.io/anytime/). ### Examples We show some simple examples on `Date` types. (Note that in the first few examples, and for numeric conversion in this range we now only use `anydate` as `anytime` is consistent in computing seconds since epoch. If you want the behaviour of version older than 0.3.0, set `oldHeuristic=TRUE`, see `help(anytime)` for more.) #### From Integer or Numeric or Factor or Ordered ```r library(anytime) ## also caches TZ in local env options(digits.secs=6) ## for fractional seconds below ## integer anydate(20160101L + 0:2) ## older version used anytime for this too [1] "2016-01-01 CST" "2016-01-02 CST" "2016-01-03 CST" ## numeric anydate(20160101 + 0:2) [1] "2016-01-01 CST" "2016-01-02 CST" "2016-01-03 CST" ## factor anydate(as.factor(20160101 + 0:2)) [1] "2016-01-01 CST" "2016-01-02 CST" "2016-01-03 CST" ## ordered anydate(as.ordered(20160101 + 0:2)) [1] "2016-01-01 CST" "2016-01-02 CST" "2016-01-03 CST" ``` #### Character: Simple ```r ## Dates: Character anydate(as.character(20160101 + 0:2)) [1] "2016-01-01 CST" "2016-01-02 CST" "2016-01-03 CST" ## Dates: alternate formats anydate(c("20160101", "2016/01/02", "2016-01-03")) [1] "2016-01-01 CST" "2016-01-02 CST" "2016-01-03 CST" ``` #### Character: ISO ```r ## Datetime: ISO with/without fractional seconds anytime(c("2016-01-01 10:11:12", "2016-01-01 10:11:12.345678")) [1] "2016-01-01 10:11:12.000000 CST" "2016-01-01 10:11:12.345678 CST" ## Datetime: ISO alternate (?) with 'T' separator anytime(c("20160101T101112", "20160101T101112.345678")) [1] "2016-01-01 10:11:12.000000 CST" "2016-01-01 10:11:12.345678 CST" ``` #### Character: Textual month formats ```r ## ISO style anytime(c("2016-Sep-01 10:11:12", "Sep/01/2016 10:11:12", "Sep-01-2016 10:11:12")) [1] "2016-09-01 10:11:12 CDT" "2016-09-01 10:11:12 CDT" "2016-09-01 10:11:12 CDT" ## Datetime: Mixed format (cf https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39259184) anytime(c("Thu Sep 01 10:11:12 2016", "Thu Sep 01 10:11:12.345678 2016")) [1] "2016-09-01 10:11:12.000000 CDT" "2016-09-01 10:11:12.345678 CDT" ``` #### Character: Dealing with DST This shows an important aspect. When not working localtime (by overriding to `UTC`) the _changing difference_ UTC is correctly covered (which the underlying [Boost Date_Time](https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_61_0/doc/html/date_time.html) library does not by itself). ```r ## Datetime: pre/post DST anytime(c("2016-01-31 12:13:14", "2016-08-31 12:13:14")) [1] "2016-01-31 12:13:14 CST" "2016-08-31 12:13:14 CDT" anytime(c("2016-01-31 12:13:14", "2016-08-31 12:13:14"), tz="UTC") # important: catches change [1] "2016-01-31 18:13:14 UTC" "2016-08-31 17:13:14 UTC" ``` ### Technical Details The heavy lifting is done by a combination of [Boost lexical_cast](https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_70_0/doc/html/boost_lexical_cast.html) to go from _anything_ to string representation which is then parsed by [Boost Date_Time](https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_70_0/doc/html/date_time.html). We use the [BH package](https://dirk.eddelbuettel.com/code/bh.html) to access [Boost](https://www.boost.org), and rely on [Rcpp](https://dirk.eddelbuettel.com/code/rcpp.html) for a seamless C++ interface to and from [R](https://www.r-project.org). Further, as the [Boost Date_Time](https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_70_0/doc/html/date_time.html) library cannot resolve timezones on the Windows platform (where timezone information is typically provided by R itself for its use), we offer a fallback of calling into R (via facilities from [Rcpp](https://dirk.eddelbuettel.com/code/rcpp.html)); see the help for the `useR` argument for more details. ### Status The package should work as expected. ### Example Uses Several different [CRAN](https://cran.r-project.org) packages import this package. Among them are the following research-focused packages: - [adheRenceRX](https://cran.r-project.org/package=adheRenceRX) by Beal assesses medication adherence; - [AGread](https://cran.r-project.org/package=AGread) by Hibbing _et al_ which reads and transforms ActiGraph physical activity measures; - [cqcr](https://cran.r-project.org/package=AGread) by Odell accesses 'Care Quality Commission' data from the health and adult social care regulator for England; - [datadogr](https://cran.r-project.org/package=datadogr) by Yutani queries metrics from Datadog; - [E4tools](https://cran.r-project.org/package=E4tools) by Kleiman which reads data from Empatica wearable physiology monitors; - [nprcgenekeepr](https://cran.r-project.org/package=nprcgenekeepr) by Raboin _et al_ provides genetic tools for colony management ; - [RDS](https://cran.r-project.org/package=RDS) by Handcock _et al_ which is part of the "RDS Ananlyst" suite for analysing respondent-driven sampling data; - [rtsdata](https://cran.r-project.org/package=rtsdata) by RTSVizTeam manages time series data dtorage; - [threesixtygiving](https://cran.r-project.org/package=threesixtygiving) by Odell accesses download charitable grants from the '360Giving' Platform; - [tsbox](https://cran.r-project.org/package=tsbox) by Sax for format-agnostic time series data representation and conversions; - [tsibble](https://cran.r-project.org/package=tsibble) by Wang _et al_ for temporal data in an explicit data- and model-oriented format. ### Changes See the NEWS.Rd file on [CRAN](https://cran.r-project.org/package=anytime/news.html) or [GitHub](https://github.com/eddelbuettel/anytime/blob/master/inst/NEWS.Rd). In particular, version 0.3.0 corrects an overly optimistic heuristic for integer or numeric arguments and now behaves more like R itself. Specifically, epoch offsets are interpreted as seconds for datetime objects, and days for date objects. The prior behaviour can be restored with an option which also be be set globally, see the help page for details. ### Installation The package is now on [CRAN](https://cran.r-project.org) and can be installed via a standard ```r install.packages("anytime") ``` ### Continued Testing As we rely on the [tinytest](https://cran.r-project.org/package=tinytest) package, the already-installed package can also be verified via ```r tinytest::test_package("anytime") ``` at any later point. ### Contributing Any problems, bug reports, or features requests for the package can be submitted and handled most conveniently as [Github issues](https://github.com/eddelbuettel/anytime/issues) in the repository. Before submitting pull requests, it is frequently preferable to first discuss need and scope in such an issue ticket. See the file [Contributing.md](https://github.com/RcppCore/Rcpp/blob/master/Contributing.md) (in the [Rcpp](https://github.com/RcppCore/Rcpp) repo) for a brief discussion. ### Author Dirk Eddelbuettel ### License GPL (>= 2)

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