说明：  System reliability analysis and optimization are important to efficiently utilize available resources and to develop an optimal system design architecture. System reliability optimization has been solved by using optimization techniques including meta-heuristics. Meanwhile, the development of meta-heuristics has been an active research field of the reliability optimization wherein the redundancy, the component reliability, or both are to be determined. In recent years, a broad class of stochastic meta-heuristics, such as simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, tabu search, ant colony, and particle swarm optimization paradigms,has been developed for reliability-redundancy optimization of systems.