说明：  马尔可夫链，因安德烈·马尔可夫（A.A.Markov，1856－1922）得名，是数学中具有马尔可夫性质的离散时间随机过程。该过程中，在给定当前知识或信息的情况下，过去（即当期以前的历史状态）对于预测将来（即当期以后的未来状态）是无关的
(Markov chain, Yinandelie · Markov (AAMarkov ,1856-1922) got its name, is a discrete time stochastic process with Markov mathematical nature. This process, in the case of a given current knowledge or information in the past (i.e., the current state of the previous history) to predict future (i.e., the period after the next state) is not relevant)