说明：  n个元素{1,2,…,n}有n!个不同的排列。将这n!个排列按字典序排列，并编号为0,1,…,n!-1。每个排列的编号为其字典序值。 给定n以及n个元素{1,2,…,n}的一个排列，计算出这个排列的字典序值，以及按字典序排列的下一个排列。
(n elements (1, 2, ..., n) n! Different permutations. This n! Arranged according to a lexicographic order, and numbered 0, 1, ..., n!-1. No. each with a value for their lexicographic. Given n and n elements (1, 2, ..., n) an arrangement worked out with a dictionary of the order value, and by lexicographic order with the next one.)