说明：  解答中的所有算法均采用类c语言描述,设计原则为面向交流、面向阅读,作者不保证程序能够上机正常运行(这种保证实际上也没有任何意义)
(Answers to all the algorithms are used to describe categories c languages, design principles for the exchange, for reading, the author does not guarantee that the procedure can be the normal operation of the machine (such assurances do not have any significance in practice))