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<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/622b97ab15da9b288b74e18a/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mohammad </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mohammad </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Abualreesh</div><div class="t m0 x4 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws0">Abualreesh</div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 y3 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws0">Mohammad.Abualreesh@hut.fi</div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y4 ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls2 ws0">Mohammad.Abualreesh@hut.fi</div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[0.000000,-1.337047,1.337047,0.000000,-49.470752,768.802228]}'></div></div>
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<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/622b97ab15da9b288b74e18a/bg2.jpg"><div class="t m0 x7 h4 y5 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">Outline</div><div class="t m0 x8 h4 y6 ff2 fs2 fc3 sc0 ls3 ws0">Outline</div><div class="t m0 x9 h5 y7 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y8 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y9 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws0">Introduction</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 ya ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws0">Introduction</div><div class="t m0 x9 h5 yb ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xa h5 yc ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 yd ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws1">Definition, motivation, new</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 ye ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls6 ws1">Definition, motivation, new</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 yd ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0">…</div><div class="t m0 x4 h6 ye ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws0">…</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 yd ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws2">in 4G</div><div class="t m0 xe h6 ye ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws2">in 4G</div><div class="t m0 x9 h5 yf ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y10 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y11 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws1">3G vs. 4G</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y12 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws1">3G vs. 4G</div><div class="t m0 x9 h5 y13 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y14 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y15 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws3">Challenges & Needs</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y16 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls8 ws3">Challenges & Needs</div><div class="t m0 x9 h5 y17 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y18 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y19 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws2">4G networks </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y1a ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws2">4G networks </div><div class="t m0 xf h7 y1b ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws4">(Models, features, air interface)</div><div class="t m0 xf h7 y1c ff1 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls9 ws4">(Models, features, air interface)</div><div class="t m0 x9 h5 y1d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y1e ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y1f ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws5">Industry Initiatives</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y20 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 lsa ws5">Industry Initiatives</div><div class="t m0 x9 h5 y21 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y22 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y23 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsb ws6">Transmission Technology</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y24 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 lsb ws6">Transmission Technology</div><div class="t m0 x9 h5 y25 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y26 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y27 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws0">Conclusion</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y28 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls8 ws0">Conclusion</div><div class="t m0 x9 h5 y29 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y2a ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y2b ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws0">References</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y2c ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws0">References</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[0.000000,-1.337047,1.337047,0.000000,-49.470752,768.802228]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/622b97ab15da9b288b74e18a/bg3.jpg"><div class="t m0 x10 h4 y5 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 lsc ws0">Evolution</div><div class="t m0 x11 h4 y6 ff2 fs2 fc3 sc0 lsc ws0">Evolution</div><div class="t m0 x12 h6 y2d ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls6 ws7">Figure 1 shows the evolution of wireless technologies.</div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y2e ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m2 xc h8 y2e ff2 fs5 fc1 sc0 lsd ws8">First Generation (1G): </div><div class="t m0 x13 h6 y2e ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 lsa ws5">1G wireless mobile </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y2f ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 lsa ws9">communication systems, was introduced in the early </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y30 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 lse ws1">1980s. 1G wireless was analog and supported the first </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y31 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls6 wsa">generation of analog cell phones. They include a </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y32 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsb">signaling protocol known as SS7 (Signaling System 7).</div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y33 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m2 xc h8 y33 ff2 fs5 fc1 sc0 lsf wsc">Second Generation (2G): </div><div class="t m0 x14 h6 y33 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls7 wsd">2G systems, fielded in the </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y34 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls7 wsa">late 1980s, were intended primarily for voice </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y35 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 lsa wse">transmission and was all about digital PCS.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[0.000000,-1.337047,1.337047,0.000000,-49.470752,768.802228]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/622b97ab15da9b288b74e18a/bg4.jpg"><div class="t m0 x10 h4 y5 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 lsc ws0">Evolution</div><div class="t m0 x11 h4 y6 ff2 fs2 fc3 sc0 lsc ws0">Evolution</div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y2d ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m2 xc h8 y2d ff2 fs5 fc1 sc0 lsd ws8">Third Generation (3G): </div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 y2d ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 lsb wsf">3G in wireless will be a </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y36 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls7 wse">deliberate migration to faster, data-centric wireless </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y37 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 lse wsf">networks. The immediate goal is to raise transmission </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y38 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls10 ws10">speeds from 125kbps to 2M bit/sec.</div><div class="t m0 xa h5 y39 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws0"></div><div class="t m2 xc h8 y39 ff2 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls11 ws11">Fourth Generation (4G): </div><div class="t m0 x16 h6 y39 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls5 wsf">In reality, as of first half of </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y3a ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls12 ws12">2002, 4G is a conceptual framework for or a discussion </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y3b ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 lsb wsf">point to address future needs <span class="ls7 wsd">of a universal high speed </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y3c ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls6 ws9">wireless network that will interface with wireline</div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y3d ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 lsb wsb">backbone network seamlessly.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[0.000000,-1.337047,1.337047,0.000000,-49.470752,768.802228]}'></div></div>
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