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<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/622b95d53d2fbb0007846794/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="ls1">V<span class="_ _0"></span>ol. 5, No. 4 April 2014 <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _3"> </span>ISSN 2079-840<span class="_ _4"></span>7 </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Journal of Emer<span class="_ _0"></span>ging Trends in<span class="_ _0"></span> Computing and <span class="_ _0"></span>Information <span class="_ _0"></span>Sciences </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">©2009-2014 CIS<span class="_ _4"></span> Journal. <span class="_ _0"></span>All rights reserved.<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y4 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y5 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">http://www<span class="_ _0"></span>.cisjournal.org<span class="fs2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y6 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">265<span class="fs4"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 y7 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y8 ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Optimal Operating<span class="_ _4"></span> Performances of W<span class="_ _0"></span>ireless Pr<span class="_ _0"></span>otoco<span class="_ _4"></span>ls for Intelligent </div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y9 ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Sensors <span class="_ _5"></span>Applications<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xa h8 ya ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">1 </div><div class="t m0 xb h9 yb ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Chakkor Saad, </div><div class="t m0 xc h8 ya ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">2 </div><div class="t m0 xd h9 yb ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">El Ahmadi Cheikh<span class="_ _0"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 xe h8 ya ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">3 </div><div class="t m0 xf h9 yb ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Baghouri M<span class="_ _0"></span>ostafa, </div><div class="t m0 x10 h8 ya ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">4 </div><div class="t m0 x11 h9 yb ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Hajraoui Abder<span class="_ _0"></span>rahmane </div><div class="t m0 x12 ha yc ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">1,2,3,4</div><div class="t m0 x13 h6 yd ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> Department of Physics, Team<span class="_ _0"></span>: Co<span class="_ _4"></span>mmunication and Detection Sy<span class="_ _0"></span>stems,<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x14 h6 ye ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">University of Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Faculty of Sciences, Tetouan, Morocco </div><div class="t m0 x15 h6 yf ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x16 hb y10 ff4 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ABSTRACT </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y11 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">The <span class="_ _2"></span>systems <span class="_ _6"></span>based <span class="_ _2"></span>on <span class="_ _6"></span>intelligent <span class="_ _2"></span>sensors <span class="_ _6"></span>are <span class="_ _2"></span>currently <span class="_ _6"></span>expandin<span class="_ _4"></span>g, <span class="_ _6"></span>due <span class="_ _2"></span>to <span class="_ _6"></span>theirs <span class="_ _2"></span>functions <span class="_ _6"></span>and <span class="_ _2"></span>theirs <span class="_ _6"></span>per<span class="_ _4"></span>formances <span class="_ _6"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>f </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y12 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">intelligence: <span class="_ _2"></span>transmitting <span class="_ _2"></span>and <span class="_ _2"></span>receiving <span class="_ _6"></span>data <span class="_ _2"></span>in <span class="_ _2"></span>real<span class="_ _4"></span>-time, <span class="_ _2"></span>computation <span class="_ _2"></span>and <span class="_ _2"></span>processing <span class="_ _6"></span>a<span class="_ _4"></span>lgorithms, <span class="_ _2"></span>metrology <span class="_ _6"></span>r<span class="_ _4"></span>emote, </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y13 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">diagnos<span class="ff5">tics, <span class="_ _2"></span>automation <span class="_ _2"></span>and <span class="_ _2"></span>storage <span class="_ _2"></span>measurements…The <span class="_ _2"></span>radio <span class="_ _2"></span>frequency <span class="_ _2"></span>wireless <span class="_ _2"></span>communication <span class="_ _2"></span>with <span class="_ _2"></span>its <span class="_ _2"></span>mu<span class="_ _0"></span>ltitude </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y14 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">offers a b<span class="_ _4"></span>etter solutio<span class="_ _4"></span>n for <span class="_ _4"></span>data traffic i<span class="_ _4"></span>n this <span class="_ _4"></span>kind of s<span class="_ _4"></span>ystems. T<span class="_ _4"></span>he mains ob<span class="_ _4"></span>jectives of <span class="_ _4"></span>this <span class="_ _6"></span>paper is to <span class="_ _4"></span>present a so<span class="_ _4"></span>lution </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y15 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">of the<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _4"></span>problem <span class="_ _4"></span>related<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _4"></span>to <span class="_ _4"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>selection <span class="_ _4"></span>criteria <span class="_ _4"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>f a <span class="_ _4"></span>b<span class="_ _4"></span>etter <span class="_ _4"></span>wireless <span class="_ _4"></span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>mmunication <span class="_ _4"></span>technolo<span class="_ _4"></span>gy face<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _4"></span>up <span class="_ _4"></span>to <span class="_ _4"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>constrai<span class="_ _4"></span>nts </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y16 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">imposed <span class="_ _4"></span>by <span class="_ _4"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>intended <span class="_ _4"></span>ap<span class="_ _4"></span>plication <span class="_ _4"></span>and <span class="_ _4"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>evaluation <span class="_ _4"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>f it<span class="_ _4"></span>s ke<span class="_ _4"></span>y <span class="_ _4"></span>features. <span class="_ _4"></span>The <span class="_ _4"></span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>mparison <span class="_ _4"></span>between <span class="_ _4"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>different <span class="_ _7"></span>wir<span class="ls2">e-</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y17 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">less <span class="_ _2"></span>technologies <span class="_ _2"></span>(Wi<span class="_ _4"></span>-Fi, <span class="_ _2"></span>Wi<span class="_ _4"></span>-Max, <span class="_ _2"></span>UWB<span class="_ _4"></span>, <span class="_ _2"></span>Bluetooth, <span class="_ _2"></span>Zi<span class="_ _4"></span>gBee, <span class="_ _2"></span>ZigBeeIP,<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _2"></span>GSM/GPRS) <span class="_ _2"></span>focuses <span class="_ _2"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>n <span class="_ _2"></span>their <span class="_ _2"></span>perfor<span class="_ _4"></span>mance </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y18 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">which <span class="_ _7"></span>dep<span class="_ _4"></span>ends <span class="_ _7"></span>on <span class="_ _7"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>areas <span class="_ _7"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>f <span class="_ _7"></span>utilization. <span class="_ _7"></span>F<span class="_ _4"></span>urthermore, <span class="_ _6"></span>it <span class="_ _7"></span>shows <span class="_ _7"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>limits <span class="_ _7"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>f <span class="_ _7"></span>their <span class="_ _6"></span>characteristics. <span class="_ _2"></span>Study <span class="_ _7"></span>findin<span class="_ _4"></span>gs <span class="_ _7"></span>can </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y19 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">be <span class="_ _7"></span>used <span class="_ _6"></span>by <span class="_ _7"></span>the <span class="_ _7"></span>d<span class="_ _4"></span>evelopers/ <span class="_ _7"></span>engineers <span class="_ _6"></span>to <span class="_ _7"></span>ded<span class="_ _4"></span>uce <span class="_ _7"></span>the <span class="_ _7"></span>optimal<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _6"></span>mode <span class="_ _7"></span>to <span class="_ _6"></span>integrate <span class="_ _7"></span>and <span class="_ _7"></span>to<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _7"></span>operate <span class="_ _7"></span>a <span class="_ _6"></span>system <span class="_ _7"></span>that <span class="_ _7"></span>guara<span class="_ _4"></span>ntees </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y1a ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">quality <span class="_ _7"></span>of <span class="_ _7"></span>communicatio<span class="_ _4"></span>n, <span class="_ _7"></span>minimizing <span class="_ _7"></span>energy <span class="_ _7"></span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>nsumption,<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _7"></span>reducing <span class="_ _7"></span>the <span class="_ _7"></span>impleme<span class="_ _4"></span>ntation <span class="_ _7"></span>cost <span class="_ _7"></span>and <span class="_ _7"></span>a<span class="_ _4"></span>voiding <span class="_ _7"></span>time <span class="_ _7"></span>co<span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls3">n-</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y1b ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">straints. </div><div class="t m0 x7 hd y1c ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Keywords:<span class="ff3"> <span class="ff6 fs4">Wireless communicati<span class="_ _4"></span>ons, Performances, Energy, Protocols, Intelligent sensors, Appli<span class="_ _0"></span>cations<span class="_ _4"></span>. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y1d ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hb y1e ff4 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">1.<span class="ls4"> </span>INTRODUCTION </div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y1f ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Wireless <span class="_ _8"> </span>technologies <span class="_ _8"> </span>have <span class="_ _9"> </span>made <span class="_ _8"> </span>significant </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y20 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">progress <span class="_ _a"> </span>in <span class="_ _1"> </span>recent <span class="_ _3"> </span>years, <span class="_ _1"> </span>allo<span class="_ _4"></span>wing <span class="_ _a"> </span>many <span class="_ _a"> </span>applications <span class="_ _a"> </span>in </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y21 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">addition <span class="_ _b"> </span>to <span class="_ _b"> </span>traditional <span class="_ _b"> </span>voice <span class="_ _b"> </span>comm<span class="_ _0"></span>unicatio<span class="_ _4"></span>ns <span class="_ _b"> </span>and <span class="_ _c"> </span>the </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y22 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">transmission o<span class="_ _4"></span>f high<span class="_ _4"></span>-speed d<span class="_ _4"></span>ata <span class="_ _4"></span>with sophisticated <span class="_ _4"></span>mobile<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y23 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">devices <span class="_ _6"></span>and <span class="_ _6"></span>s<span class="_ _4"></span>mart <span class="_ _6"></span>obj<span class="_ _4"></span>ects. <span class="_ _6"></span>In <span class="_ _6"></span>fact, <span class="_ _6"></span>they <span class="_ _6"></span>also <span class="_ _2"></span>changed <span class="_ _6"></span>the </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y24 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">field <span class="_ _4"></span>of<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _7"></span>metrology <span class="_ _7"></span>especially <span class="_ _7"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>se<span class="_ _4"></span>nsor <span class="_ _7"></span>networks <span class="_ _7"></span>and <span class="_ _7"></span>the </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y25 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">smart <span class="_ _6"></span>sensors. <span class="_ _2"></span>The <span class="_ _6"></span>establishment <span class="_ _2"></span>of <span class="_ _7"></span>a<span class="_ _4"></span>n <span class="_ _6"></span>intel<span class="_ _4"></span>lige<span class="_ _4"></span>nt <span class="_ _6"></span>sensor<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y26 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">system <span class="_ _2"></span>requires <span class="_ _2"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>insertion <span class="_ _2"></span>of <span class="_ _1"> </span>wireless <span class="_ _2"></span>communication </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y27 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">which <span class="_ _1"> </span>has <span class="_ _1"> </span>cha<span class="_ _4"></span>nged <span class="_ _1"> </span>the <span class="_ _a"> </span>world <span class="_ _1"> </span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>f <span class="_ _1"> </span>tele<span class="_ _4"></span>communications. <span class="_ _1"> </span>It<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y28 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">can be <span class="_ _4"></span>used i<span class="_ _4"></span>n many si<span class="_ _4"></span>tuations <span class="_ _4"></span>where <span class="_ _4"></span>mobility is <span class="_ _4"></span>essential </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y29 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">and <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>wires <span class="_ _6"></span>ar<span class="_ _4"></span>e <span class="_ _6"></span>not <span class="_ _6"></span>pr<span class="_ _4"></span>actical. <span class="_ _6"></span>Today, <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>e<span class="_ _4"></span>mergence <span class="_ _6"></span>of </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y2a ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">radio <span class="_"> </span>frequency <span class="_ _a"> </span>wireles<span class="_ _4"></span>s <span class="_ _3"> </span>technologies <span class="_"> </span>suggests <span class="_ _3"> </span>that <span class="_ _3"> </span>the </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y2b ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">expensive <span class="_ _1"></span>wiring <span class="_ _2"></span>can <span class="_ _1"> </span>be <span class="_ _1"></span>reduced <span class="_ _1"></span>or <span class="_ _2"></span>eliminated. <span class="_ _1"></span>Various </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y2c ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">technologies <span class="_ _8"> </span>have <span class="_ _d"> </span>emerged <span class="_ _8"> </span>providing <span class="_ _d"> </span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>mmunication </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y2d ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">differently. <span class="_ _2"></span>T<span class="_ _4"></span>his <span class="_ _2"></span>di<span class="_ _4"></span>fference <span class="_ _2"></span>lies <span class="_ _1"> </span>in <span class="_ _1"> </span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>q<span class="_ _4"></span>uality <span class="_ _2"></span>of<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _2"></span>service<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y2e ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">and <span class="_ _6"></span>in<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _6"></span>so<span class="_ _4"></span>me <span class="_ _6"></span>cons<span class="_ _4"></span>traints <span class="_ _6"></span>r<span class="_ _4"></span>elated <span class="_ _2"></span>on <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>application <span class="_ _2"></span>a<span class="_ _4"></span>nd <span class="_ _6"></span>it<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y2f ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">environment. <span class="_ _e"> </span>The <span class="_ _e"> </span>main <span class="_ _e"> </span>constraints <span class="_ _e"> </span>to <span class="_ _e"> </span>be <span class="_ _e"> </span>overco<span class="_ _4"></span>me <span class="_"> </span>in </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y30 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">choosing <span class="_ _a"> </span>a <span class="_ _3"> </span>wireless <span class="_ _a"> </span>technology <span class="_ _a"> </span>revolve <span class="_ _a"> </span>ar<span class="_ _4"></span>ound <span class="_ _a"> </span>the <span class="_ _3"> </span>fo<span class="ls5">l-</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y31 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">lowing conditions [1]<span class="_ _4"></span>, [2]: <span class="_ _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x18 hc y32 ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">Range <span class="_"> </span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hc y33 ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">Reliability </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hc y34 ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">Bandwidth </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hc y35 ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">conformity (standards)<span class="_ _4"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y36 ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">Security </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y37 ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">Cost </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y38 ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">Energy consumption<span class="_ _4"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y39 ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">Speed <span class="_ _b"> </span>and <span class="_ _b"> </span>transmission <span class="_ _b"> </span>type <span class="_ _b"> </span>(s<span class="_ _4"></span>ynchronous, </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y3a ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">asynchronous)<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y3b ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">Network architecture (to<span class="_ _4"></span>pology) </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y3c ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">Environnent <span class="_"> </span>(noise, <span class="_"> </span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>bstacles, <span class="_ _e"> </span>weather, <span class="_"> </span>hy<span class="ls6">p-</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y3d ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">sometry) </div><div class="t m0 x1b hc y3e ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y3f ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">In <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>related <span class="_ _2"></span>work, <span class="_ _6"></span>many <span class="_ _6"></span>research <span class="_ _6"></span>studie<span class="_ _4"></span>s <span class="_ _6"></span>have </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y40 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">been <span class="_ _c"> </span>f<span class="_ _0"></span>ocused o<span class="_ _4"></span>n <span class="_ _c"> </span>w<span class="_ _0"></span>ireless <span class="_ _c"> </span>sensor <span class="_ _10"> </span>networks <span class="_ _10"> </span>to <span class="_ _c"> </span>improve </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y41 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">communication <span class="_ _e"> </span>proto<span class="_ _4"></span>cols <span class="_ _e"> </span>in <span class="_"> </span>or<span class="_ _4"></span>der <span class="_ _e"> </span>to <span class="_"> </span>solve <span class="_ _e"> </span>the <span class="_ _e"> </span>energ<span class="_ _4"></span>y </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y42 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">constraint, <span class="_ _6"></span>to <span class="_ _2"></span>increase <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>lev<span class="_ _4"></span>el <span class="_ _6"></span>of <span class="_ _6"></span>sec<span class="_ _4"></span>urity <span class="_ _6"></span>and <span class="_ _6"></span>pr<span class="_ _4"></span>ecision </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y43 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">and <span class="_ _2"></span>to <span class="_ _2"></span>expand <span class="_ _6"></span>auto<span class="_ _4"></span>nomy <span class="_ _2"></span>because <span class="_ _2"></span>feasibility <span class="_ _2"></span>and <span class="_ _2"></span>profit<span class="ls2">a-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y44 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">bility <span class="_ _4"></span>reaso<span class="_ _4"></span>ns <span class="_ _7"></span>[3-7]. <span class="_ _7"></span>On <span class="_ _7"></span>the <span class="_ _7"></span>other <span class="_ _7"></span>side, <span class="_ _7"></span>the <span class="_ _7"></span>field <span class="_ _4"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>f <span class="_ _4"></span>i<span class="_ _4"></span>ntell<span class="ls7">i-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y45 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">gent sensors <span class="_ _0"></span>remains fertile <span class="_ _0"></span>and opens its <span class="_ _0"></span>doors to <span class="_ _0"></span>research </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y46 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">and <span class="_ _a"> </span>innovatio<span class="_ _4"></span>n, <span class="_ _a"> </span>it <span class="_"> </span>is <span class="_ _a"> </span>a <span class="_ _a"> </span>true <span class="_ _3"> </span>scientific <span class="_ _a"> </span>a<span class="_ _4"></span>nd <span class="_ _a"> </span>tech<span class="_ _4"></span>nological </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y47 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">challenge in<span class="_ _0"></span> so <span class="_ _0"></span>far as <span class="_ _0"></span>the <span class="_ _0"></span>topology and <span class="_ _0"></span>the <span class="_ _0"></span>infrastr<span class="_ _4"></span>ucture of </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y48 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">the <span class="_ _2"></span>s<span class="_ _4"></span>ystems <span class="_ _2"></span>b<span class="_ _4"></span>ased <span class="_ _1"> </span>on <span class="_ _1"> </span>intelligent <span class="_ _2"></span>sen<span class="_ _4"></span>sors <span class="_ _1"> </span>are <span class="_ _1"> </span>greatly <span class="_ _2"></span>di<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls8">f-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y49 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ferent <span class="_ _7"></span>compared <span class="_ _6"></span>to <span class="_ _6"></span>w<span class="_ _0"></span>ire<span class="_ _4"></span>less <span class="_ _7"></span>s<span class="_ _4"></span>ensor <span class="_ _7"></span>networks, <span class="_ _6"></span>particularly<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y4a ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">in <span class="_ _1"> </span>terms <span class="_ _a"> </span>of <span class="_ _1"> </span>size <span class="_ _1"> </span>(<span class="_ _4"></span>number <span class="_ _1"> </span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>f <span class="_ _1"> </span>nodes<span class="_ _4"></span>) <span class="_ _a"> </span>and <span class="_ _1"> </span>routing. <span class="_ _1"> </span>I<span class="_ _4"></span>n <span class="_ _1"> </span>this </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y4b ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">paper, <span class="_ _2"></span>we <span class="_ _2"></span>present <span class="_ _2"></span>on <span class="_ _2"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>ne <span class="_ _2"></span>hand <span class="_ _2"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>bas<span class="_ _4"></span>ic <span class="_ _2"></span>concepts <span class="_ _2"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>f <span class="_ _2"></span>an </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y4c ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">intelligent <span class="_ _2"></span>se<span class="_ _4"></span>nsor: <span class="_ _2"></span>functio<span class="_ _4"></span>ns, <span class="_ _2"></span>generic <span class="_ _1"> </span>struct<span class="_ _4"></span>ure, <span class="_ _2"></span>it <span class="_ _1"> </span>control </div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.612578,0.000000,0.000000,1.612578,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/622b95d53d2fbb0007846794/bg2.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y4d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="ls1">V<span class="_ _0"></span>ol. 5, No. 4 April 2014 <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>ISSN 2079-840<span class="_ _4"></span>7 </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Journal of Emer<span class="_ _0"></span>ging Trends in<span class="_ _0"></span> Computing and <span class="_ _0"></span>Information <span class="_ _0"></span>Sciences </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">©2009-2014 CIS<span class="_ _4"></span> Journal. <span class="_ _0"></span>All rights reserved.<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y50 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y51 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">http://www<span class="_ _0"></span>.cisjournal.org<span class="fs2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y52 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">266<span class="fs4"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 y53 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y54 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">and <span class="_"> </span>m<span class="_ _0"></span>easureme<span class="_ _4"></span>nt <span class="_ _a"> </span>tran<span class="_ _4"></span>smitting-recei<span class="_ _4"></span>ving <span class="_"> </span>m<span class="_ _0"></span>odule. <span class="_"> </span>In <span class="_ _a"> </span>t<span class="_ _4"></span>he </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y55 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">other <span class="_ _1"> </span>side, <span class="_ _1"> </span>we <span class="_ _2"></span>studies <span class="_ _1"> </span>u<span class="_ _4"></span>sing <span class="_ _1"> </span>a <span class="_ _1"> </span>comparative <span class="_ _1"> </span>analysis, <span class="_ _1"> </span>the </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y56 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">different par<span class="_ _4"></span>ameters <span class="_ _4"></span>which i<span class="_ _4"></span>nfluence the <span class="_ _4"></span>perfor<span class="_ _4"></span>mance and<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y57 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">quality <span class="_ _e"> </span>of <span class="_"> </span>a <span class="_ _10"> </span>wireless <span class="_ _e"> </span>communica<span class="_ _4"></span>tion <span class="_ _e"> </span>system <span class="_ _e"> </span>based <span class="_ _e"> </span>on </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y58 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">intelligent <span class="_ _2"></span>sensor<span class="_ _4"></span>s <span class="_ _2"></span>taking <span class="_ _2"></span>into<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _2"></span>our <span class="_ _2"></span>consideration <span class="_ _1"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>cost<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y59 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">and <span class="_ _e"> </span>the <span class="_"> </span>ap<span class="_ _4"></span>plication <span class="_ _e"> </span>requirements. <span class="_ _e"> </span>We <span class="_ _e"> </span>can <span class="_ _e"> </span>classi<span class="_ _4"></span>fy <span class="_"> </span>the<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y5a ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">requirements <span class="_ _0"></span>of applications using <span class="_ _0"></span>smart <span class="ls9">se</span>nsors <span class="_ _0"></span>into <span class="_ _0"></span>three<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y5b ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">main <span class="_ _2"></span>categories <span class="_ _2"></span>as <span class="_ _2"></span>shown <span class="_ _2"></span>in <span class="_ _2"></span>table <span class="_ _2"></span>1. <span class="_ _2"></span>For <span class="_ _2"></span>data <span class="_ _2"></span>collection </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y5c ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">applications <span class="_"> </span>in <span class="_"> </span>an <span class="_"> </span>environm<span class="_ _4"></span>ent <span class="_"> </span>as <span class="_"> </span>well <span class="_"> </span>as <span class="_"> </span>for <span class="_"> </span>securit<span class="_ _4"></span>y </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y5d ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">applications, <span class="_ _a"> </span>the <span class="_ _a"> </span>connectivity <span class="_ _a"> </span>and <span class="_ _a"> </span>the <span class="_ _a"> </span>operabilit<span class="_ _4"></span>y <span class="_ _1"> </span>of <span class="_ _a"> </span>the </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y5e ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">network <span class="_ _2"></span>require <span class="_ _2"></span>a <span class="_ _1"></span>relatively <span class="_ _2"></span>l<span class="_ _4"></span>ong <span class="_ _2"></span>battery <span class="_ _2"></span>li<span class="_ _4"></span>fe. <span class="_ _2"></span>In <span class="_ _2"></span>fact, <span class="_ _2"></span>to<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y5f ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">preserve <span class="_ _7"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>quality <span class="_ _7"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>f <span class="_ _7"></span>these <span class="_ _6"></span>networks, <span class="_ _6"></span>it <span class="_ _7"></span>is <span class="_ _7"></span>ver<span class="_ _4"></span>y <span class="_ _7"></span>difficult<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y60 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">even <span class="_ _6"></span>inconcei<span class="_ _4"></span>vable <span class="_ _6"></span>to <span class="_ _6"></span>r<span class="_ _4"></span>eplace <span class="_ _6"></span>regular<span class="_ _4"></span>ly <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>faulty <span class="_ _6"></span>nodes, </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y61 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">which <span class="_ _a"> </span>would <span class="_ _1"> </span>r<span class="_ _4"></span>esult <span class="_ _1"> </span>i<span class="_ _4"></span>n <span class="_ _1"> </span>a <span class="_ _a"> </span>high <span class="_ _a"> </span>cost <span class="_ _a"> </span>of <span class="_ _a"> </span>maintenance. <span class="_ _1"> </span>T<span class="_ _4"></span>he </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y62 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">concept <span class="_ _3"> </span>of <span class="_ _a"> </span>energy <span class="_ _a"> </span>e<span class="_ _4"></span>fficiency <span class="_ _3"> </span>appears <span class="_ _3"> </span>therefore <span class="_ _a"> </span>in <span class="_ _3"> </span>co<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="lsa">m-</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y63 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">munication <span class="_"> </span>pr<span class="_ _4"></span>otocols, <span class="_ _e"> </span>[6-9]. <span class="_ _e"> </span>Thus, <span class="_"> </span>it <span class="_ _e"> </span>is <span class="_ _e"> </span>very <span class="_"> </span>useful <span class="_ _e"> </span>to </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y64 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">search <span class="_ _1"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>ptimization <span class="_ _1"> </span>of <span class="_ _1"> </span>data <span class="_ _a"> </span>routing <span class="_ _2"></span>and <span class="_ _a"> </span>to <span class="_ _1"></span>limit <span class="_ _1"></span>u<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls3">n-</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y65 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">necessary data sendin<span class="_ _4"></span>g and the collisions [10], [<span class="_ _4"></span>11]. </div><div class="t m0 x1d hc y66 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1e hd y67 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Table<span class="fs1"> </span>1<span class="ff3">:<span class="fs1"> </span>Needs based<span class="_ _4"></span> applications </span></div><div class="c x8 y68 w2 he"><div class="t m0 x1f hd y69 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Types <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _a"> </span>of<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x20 hd y6a ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">application </div></div><div class="c x21 y68 w3 he"><div class="t m0 x22 hd y6b ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Specifications and Need<span class="_ _4"></span>s </div></div><div class="c x8 y6c w2 hf"><div class="t m0 x23 hc y6d ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Environmental <span class="_ _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y6e ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">monitoring </div></div><div class="c x21 y6c w3 hf"><div class="t m0 x23 hc y6f ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Measurement <span class="_ _2"></span>and <span class="_ _2"></span>re<span class="_ _4"></span>gular <span class="_ _2"></span>sen<span class="ls3">d-</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x24 hc y70 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ing <span class="_ _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y71 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Few data </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y72 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Long battery life<span class="_ _4"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y73 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Permanent connectio<span class="_ _4"></span>n </span></span></div></div><div class="c x8 y74 w2 h10"><div class="t m0 x23 hc y75 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Event detection<span class="_ _4"></span> </div></div><div class="c x21 y74 w3 h10"><div class="t m0 x23 hc y76 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Alerted message<span class="_ _4"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y77 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Priority <span class="_ _1"> </span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y75 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Confirmation statuts<span class="_ _4"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y78 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Few data </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y73 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Permanent connectio<span class="_ _4"></span>n </span></span></div></div><div class="c x8 y79 w2 h11"><div class="t m0 x23 hc y7a ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Tracking </div></div><div class="c x21 y79 w3 h11"><div class="t m0 x23 hc y77 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Mobility </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y75 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Few data </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y78 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Localization </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc y73 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff3">Permanent connectio<span class="_ _4"></span>n </span></span></div></div><div class="t m0 x7 hd y7b ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hb y7c ff4 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">2. <span class="_"> </span> NEW CONSTRAINTS OF INTELL<span class="lsb">I-</span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hb y7d ff4 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">GENT SENSORS SYS<span class="lsc">TEM</span><span class="fs7"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hc y7e ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_ _7"></span> <span class="_ _11"> </span>An i<span class="_ _4"></span>ntelligent <span class="_ _4"></span>sensor <span class="_ _4"></span>is <span class="_ _4"></span>a<span class="_ _4"></span>n ele<span class="_ _4"></span>ctronic <span class="_ _4"></span>device <span class="_ _4"></span>for<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y7f ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">taking m<span class="_ _0"></span>easure<span class="_ _4"></span>ments <span class="_ _0"></span>of a <span class="_ _0"></span>physical qu<span class="_ _0"></span>antity as <span class="_ _0"></span>an <span class="_ _0"></span>electrical<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y80 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">signal. <span class="_ _6"></span>Its <span class="_ _2"></span>intelligence <span class="_ _6"></span>lies <span class="_ _2"></span>in <span class="_ _6"></span>ab<span class="_ _4"></span>ility <span class="_ _6"></span>to <span class="_ _2"></span>check <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>rrect </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y81 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">execution <span class="_ _7"></span>of <span class="_ _7"></span>a <span class="_ _7"></span>metrolog<span class="_ _4"></span>y <span class="_ _7"></span>algorithm, <span class="_ _7"></span>in <span class="_ _7"></span>remote <span class="_ _7"></span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>nfigur<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls2">a-</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y82 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">bility, <span class="_"> </span>in<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_"> </span>its <span class="_ _3"> </span>functions <span class="_"> </span>relating <span class="_ _3"> </span>to <span class="_"> </span>the <span class="_ _a"> </span>safet<span class="_ _4"></span>y, <span class="_ _3"> </span>diagnosis, </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y83 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws0">co<span class="ls1">ntrol <span class="_ _7"></span>and <span class="_ _4"></span>communicatio<span class="_ _4"></span>n. <span class="_ _7"></span>The <span class="_ _4"></span>intellige<span class="_ _4"></span>nt <span class="_ _4"></span>sensor <span class="_ _7"></span>can <span class="_ _7"></span>be </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y84 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">seen consisting of two par<span class="_ _4"></span>ts [12<span class="_ _4"></span>-14]: </div><div class="t m0 x18 hc y85 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x18 hc y86 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws0">a.<span class="ff1 ls1"> <span class="_ _12"> </span><span class="ff3">A measuring chain co<span class="_ _4"></span>ntrolled by micro<span class="_ _4"></span>controller<span class="_ _4"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hc y87 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">b.<span class="ff1 ls1"> <span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="ff3">A bidirectional communicatio<span class="_ _4"></span>n interface with the <span class="_ _a"> </span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y88 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">network, <span class="_ _6"></span>provid<span class="_ _4"></span>ing <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>nnection <span class="_ _6"></span>of <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>sensor </div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y89 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">to a central co<span class="_ _4"></span>mputer </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y54 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y55 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">The <span class="_ _6"></span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>mmunication <span class="_ _6"></span>part <span class="_ _6"></span>reflects <span class="_ _2"></span>all <span class="_ _7"></span>in<span class="_ _4"></span>formation </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y56 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">collected <span class="_ _2"></span>by <span class="_ _2"></span>an <span class="_ _2"></span>intellige<span class="_ _4"></span>nt <span class="_ _2"></span>sensor <span class="_ _2"></span>and <span class="_ _2"></span>allo<span class="_ _4"></span>ws <span class="_ _2"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>user <span class="_ _2"></span>to </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y57 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">configure <span class="_ _a"> </span>the <span class="_ _a"> </span>sensor <span class="_ _a"> </span>for <span class="_ _a"> </span>operation. <span class="_ _a"> </span>It <span class="_ _a"> </span>is <span class="_ _1"> </span>t<span class="_ _4"></span>herefore <span class="_ _a"> </span>abs<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls3">o-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y58 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">lutely <span class="_ _2"></span>essential <span class="_ _2"></span>that <span class="_ _2"></span>this <span class="_ _2"></span>interface <span class="_ _1"></span>be <span class="_ _2"></span>robust <span class="_ _2"></span>and <span class="_ _2"></span>reliable. </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y59 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">The <span class="_ _10"> </span>figure <span class="_ _e"> </span>1 <span class="_ _10"> </span>illustrate<span class="_ _4"></span>s <span class="_ _e"> </span>the<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _e"> </span>intellige<span class="_ _4"></span>nt <span class="_ _10"> </span>sensor <span class="_ _10"> </span>with <span class="_ _e"> </span>its<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y5a ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">wireless <span class="_ _a"> </span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>mmunicating <span class="_ _a"> </span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>mpo<span class="_ _4"></span>nent. <span class="_ _a"> </span>A <span class="_ _3"> </span>variety <span class="_ _a"> </span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>f <span class="_ _a"> </span>co<span class="_ _7"></span><span class="lsa">m-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y5b ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">munication <span class="_ _2"></span>interfaces <span class="_ _2"></span>(as <span class="_ _2"></span>wireless <span class="_ _2"></span>modules) <span class="_ _2"></span>is <span class="_ _2"></span>available. </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y5c ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">But <span class="_ _7"></span>not <span class="_ _7"></span>all <span class="_ _7"></span>sensors <span class="_ _6"></span>support <span class="_ _7"></span>these <span class="_ _7"></span>in<span class="_ _4"></span>terfaces. <span class="_ _7"></span>The <span class="_ _7"></span>desi<span class="_ _4"></span>gner </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y5d ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">must <span class="_ _7"></span>select <span class="_ _7"></span>an <span class="_ _6"></span>interface <span class="_ _7"></span>t<span class="_ _4"></span>hat <span class="_ _7"></span>pro<span class="_ _4"></span>vides <span class="_ _7"></span>the <span class="_ _7"></span>best <span class="_ _6"></span>integration </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y5e ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">of <span class="_ _2"></span>the <span class="_ _1"> </span>sensor <span class="_ _1"> </span>with <span class="_ _1"> </span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>thers <span class="_ _1"> </span>components <span class="_ _1"></span>of <span class="_ _1"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>s<span class="_ _4"></span>yste<span class="_ _4"></span>m </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y5f ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">taking <span class="_ _6"></span>in <span class="_ _6"></span>our <span class="_ _6"></span>ac<span class="_ _4"></span>count <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>costs <span class="_ _6"></span>and<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>constraints <span class="_ _6"></span>of <span class="_ _2"></span>r<span class="ls2">e-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y60 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">liability <span class="_ _a"> </span>required<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _a"> </span>for <span class="_ _3"> </span>a <span class="_ _a"> </span>p<span class="_ _4"></span>articular <span class="_ _a"> </span>ap<span class="_ _4"></span>plication. <span class="_ _3"> </span>There <span class="_ _3"> </span>are </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y61 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">others <span class="_ _10"> </span>so<span class="_ _4"></span>lutions <span class="_ _10"> </span>to <span class="_ _c"> </span>collect <span class="_ _c"> </span>remote <span class="_ _c"> </span>measurements <span class="_ _10"> </span>such<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y62 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">mobile <span class="_ _4"></span>a<span class="_ _4"></span>nd <span class="_ _7"></span>satellite <span class="_ _7"></span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>mmunications. <span class="_ _6"></span>The <span class="_ _7"></span>main <span class="_ _7"></span>proble<span class="_ _4"></span>ms </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y63 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">related <span class="_ _2"></span>to <span class="_ _2"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>qual<span class="_ _4"></span>ity <span class="_ _2"></span>of <span class="_ _2"></span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>mmunications <span class="_ _2"></span>are <span class="_ _1"></span>attenuation<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y64 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">problems <span class="_ _a"> </span>(dista<span class="_ _4"></span>nce, <span class="_ _a"> </span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>bstacles, <span class="_ _3"> </span>rain <span class="_ _a"> </span>...)<span class="_ _4"></span>, <span class="_ _a"> </span>interference <span class="_ _a"> </span>and<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y65 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">multipath. <span class="_ _6"></span>The <span class="_ _6"></span>r<span class="_ _4"></span>ealization <span class="_ _6"></span>o<span class="_ _4"></span>f <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>systems <span class="_ _6"></span>based <span class="_ _2"></span>on <span class="_ _7"></span>s<span class="_ _4"></span>mart </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y66 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">sensors <span class="_ _a"> </span>ded<span class="_ _4"></span>icated <span class="_ _a"> </span>to <span class="_ _3"> </span>the <span class="_ _a"> </span>applications <span class="_ _a"> </span>mentioned <span class="_ _a"> </span>i<span class="_ _4"></span>n <span class="_ _a"> </span>se<span class="lsd">c-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y8a ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">tion-2, <span class="_ _4"></span>req<span class="_ _4"></span>uires <span class="_ _4"></span>t<span class="_ _4"></span>he <span class="_ _4"></span>tec<span class="_ _4"></span>hniques <span class="_ _7"></span>and <span class="_ _7"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>pr<span class="_ _4"></span>otocols <span class="_ _7"></span>that <span class="_ _4"></span>ta<span class="_ _4"></span>ke </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y8b ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">into account the fo<span class="_ _4"></span>llowing constraints [3]<span class="_ _4"></span>: </div><div class="t m0 x1b hc y8c ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y8d ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">The nodes are <span class="_ _4"></span>deployed in high numbers<span class="_ _4"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y8e ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">At any time, the nodes ma<span class="_ _4"></span>y be faulty or inhibited<span class="_ _7"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y8f ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">The topo<span class="_ _4"></span>logy changes very frequently<span class="_ _4"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hc y90 ff7 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="ff3">The communication is bro<span class="_ _4"></span>adcast<span class="_ _4"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1b hc y91 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y92 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">The <span class="_ _6"></span>sensors <span class="_ _6"></span>are <span class="_ _6"></span>limited <span class="_ _6"></span>in <span class="_ _6"></span>energy, <span class="_ _6"></span>in <span class="_ _6"></span>computin<span class="_ _4"></span>g </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y93 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">capacity, <span class="_ _e"> </span>and <span class="_ _e"> </span>in <span class="_ _10"> </span>memory. <span class="_ _e"> </span>In <span class="_ _e"> </span>ad<span class="_ _4"></span>-hoc <span class="_ _e"> </span>networks, <span class="_ _e"> </span>energ<span class="_ _4"></span>y </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y94 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">consumption <span class="_ _6"></span>was <span class="_ _7"></span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>nsidered <span class="_ _7"></span>as <span class="_ _6"></span>an <span class="_ _7"></span>ai<span class="_ _4"></span>m <span class="_ _7"></span>factor <span class="_ _6"></span>but <span class="_ _6"></span>not <span class="_ _7"></span>e<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="lse">s-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y95 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">sential <span class="_ _2"></span>because <span class="_ _2"></span>e<span class="_ _4"></span>nergy <span class="_ _2"></span>resource<span class="_ _4"></span>s <span class="_ _2"></span>can <span class="_ _2"></span>be <span class="_ _2"></span>rep<span class="_ _4"></span>laced <span class="_ _1"> </span>by <span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _4"></span>he </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y96 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">user. <span class="_ _0"></span>These <span class="_ _0"></span>networks <span class="_ _0"></span>are <span class="_ _0"></span>more <span class="_ _5"></span>focused on <span class="_ _5"></span>the <span class="_ _0"></span>QoS <span class="_ _0"></span>than <span class="_ _5"></span>t<span class="_ _4"></span>he </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y97 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">energy <span class="_ _0"></span>consumption. Contrariwise, <span class="_ _0"></span>in sensor <span class="_ _0"></span>networks, <span class="_ _0"></span>the </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y98 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">transmission <span class="_ _a"> </span>time <span class="_ _a"> </span>and <span class="_ _a"> </span>energy <span class="_ _a"> </span>consumption<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _a"> </span>are <span class="_ _a"> </span>two <span class="_ _a"> </span>i<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="lsa">m-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y99 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">portant <span class="_ _2"></span>performance <span class="_ _6"></span>metrics <span class="_ _2"></span>since <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>sensors <span class="_ _6"></span>are <span class="_ _2"></span>gene<span class="ls8">r-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc y9a ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ally deployed in inacce<span class="_ _4"></span>ssible areas.<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1a hc y9b ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="c x25 y9c w4 h12"><div class="t m0 x26 hc y9d ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div></div><div class="c x25 y9e w4 h13"><div class="t m0 x27 hd y9f ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Fig 1: <span class="ff3">Block d<span class="_ _4"></span>iagram of an intelligent sensor co<span class="_ _4"></span>mmunic<span class="lsd">a-</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x28 hc ya0 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">tion </div><div class="t m0 x29 hd ya1 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div></div><div class="t m0 x1c hb ya2 ff4 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">3. SENSORS TECHNOLOGY AND OPT<span class="lsb">I-</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hb ya3 ff4 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">MAL TOPOLOGY </div><div class="t m0 x1a hc ya4 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">The <span class="_ _3"> </span>communication <span class="_ _a"> </span>top<span class="_ _4"></span>ology <span class="_ _3"> </span>of <span class="_ _a"> </span>the <span class="_ _3"> </span>intelligent </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc ya5 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">sensor systems is d<span class="_ _4"></span>ivided into two categor<span class="_ _4"></span>ies: </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.612578,0.000000,0.000000,1.612578,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/622b95d53d2fbb0007846794/bg3.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y4d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="ls1">V<span class="_ _0"></span>ol. 5, No. 4 April 2014 <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"> </span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>ISSN 2079-840<span class="_ _4"></span>7 </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Journal of Emer<span class="_ _0"></span>ging Trends in<span class="_ _0"></span> Computing and <span class="_ _0"></span>Information <span class="_ _0"></span>Sciences </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y4f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">©2009-2014 CIS<span class="_ _4"></span> Journal. <span class="_ _0"></span>All rights reserved.<span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y50 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y51 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">http://www<span class="_ _0"></span>.cisjournal.org<span class="fs2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y52 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">267<span class="fs4"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 y53 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y54 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hd ya6 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">3<span class="lsf">.1</span> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_ _14"></span>Direct Co<span class="_ _4"></span>mmunication </div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y56 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">The <span class="_ _0"></span>intelligent <span class="_ _0"></span>sensors <span class="_ _0"></span>deployed <span class="_ _0"></span>in <span class="_ _0"></span>a <span class="_ _0"></span>capture <span class="_ _5"></span>zo<span class="_ _4"></span>ne </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y57 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">communicate directly with the base station via <span class="_ _0"></span>a radio link </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y58 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">as shown in figure<span class="_ _4"></span> 2. <span class="_ _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y59 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y5a ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="c x2a ya7 w5 h14"><div class="t m0 x2b hc ya8 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div></div><div class="c x2a ya9 w6 he"><div class="t m0 x23 hd y69 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x23 hd y73 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Fig 2: <span class="ff3">Dir<span class="_ _4"></span>ect communication with the monitorin<span class="_ _4"></span>g ce<span class="_ _4"></span>nter</span> </div></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc yaa ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x17 hc yab ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">The <span class="_ _1"> </span>ser<span class="_ _4"></span>ver <span class="_ _1"> </span>collects <span class="_ _a"> </span>and <span class="_ _1"> </span>pro<span class="_ _4"></span>cesses <span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _4"></span>he <span class="_ _1"> </span>measur<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="lsd">e-</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc yac ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ments data and stores it i<span class="_ _4"></span>n a datab<span class="_ _4"></span>ase. </div><div class="t m0 x17 hc yad ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hd yae ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">3.2 Indirect Co<span class="_ _4"></span>mmunication </div><div class="t m0 x7 hd yaf ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x17 hc yb0 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">In this ca<span class="_ _4"></span>se, <span class="_ _4"></span>the i<span class="_ _4"></span>ntelligent <span class="_ _4"></span>sensor co<span class="_ _4"></span>mmunicates, </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc yb1 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">via a <span class="_ _4"></span>GP<span class="_ _4"></span>RS net<span class="_ _4"></span>work pro<span class="_ _4"></span>viding I<span class="_ _4"></span>nternet con<span class="_ _4"></span>nectivity, <span class="_ _4"></span>with </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc yb2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">the server of the monitori<span class="_ _4"></span>ng center as shown in <span class="_ _4"></span>figure 3. <span class="_ _a"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x17 hc yb3 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="c x2c yb4 w7 h15"><div class="t m0 x2d hc yb5 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div></div><div class="c x2c yb6 w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x23 hd y69 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x23 hd y73 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Fig 3:<span class="ls10"> </span><span class="ff3">Indirect communicati<span class="_ _4"></span>on with the monito<span class="_ _4"></span>ring ce<span class="_ _4"></span>nter </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc yb7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">With <span class="_ _6"></span>this <span class="_ _6"></span>arc<span class="_ _4"></span>hitecture, <span class="_ _6"></span>it <span class="_ _2"></span>is <span class="_ _7"></span>p<span class="_ _4"></span>ossible <span class="_ _6"></span>to<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _6"></span>establish <span class="_ _6"></span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>mm<span class="ls3">u-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc yb8 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">nications <span class="_ _a"> </span>for <span class="_"> </span>applications <span class="_ _a"> </span>that <span class="_ _3"> </span>have <span class="_ _a"> </span>a <span class="_"> </span>w<span class="_ _0"></span>ider <span class="_ _3"> </span>monitoring </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc yb9 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">area <span class="_ _4"></span>which spr<span class="_ _4"></span>eads <span class="_ _4"></span>for <span class="_ _4"></span>kilometers <span class="_ _4"></span>or <span class="_ _4"></span>when the <span class="_ _4"></span>application </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc yba ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">requires large di<span class="_ _4"></span>mensions. </div><div class="t m0 x1c hd ybb ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1c hb ybc ff4 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">4. <span class="_"> </span> THE COMPAR<span class="_ _0"></span>ATIVE PERFO<span class="ls11">R-</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hb ybd ff4 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">MANCE ANALYSIS<span class="fs7"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hc ybe ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_ _7"></span> <span class="_ _11"> </span>In <span class="_ _7"></span>this <span class="_ _7"></span>sectio<span class="_ _4"></span>n, <span class="_ _7"></span>we <span class="_ _7"></span>put <span class="_ _6"></span>importance <span class="_ _6"></span>w<span class="_ _0"></span>ith <span class="_ _6"></span>a <span class="_ _7"></span>co<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="lsa">m-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc ybf ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">parative <span class="_ _2"></span>stu<span class="_ _0"></span>d<span class="_ _4"></span>y <span class="_ _6"></span>of <span class="_ _6"></span>t<span class="_ _4"></span>he <span class="_ _6"></span>follo<span class="_ _4"></span>wing <span class="_ _2"></span>wireless <span class="_ _6"></span>protocols: <span class="_ _2"></span>Blu<span class="ls2">e-</span></div><div class="t m0 x1c hc yc0 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">tooth, <span class="_ _15"> </span>UWB, <span class="_ _15"> </span>ZigBee, <span class="_ _15"> </span>ZigBeeIP<span class="_ _4"></span>, <span class="_ _15"> </span>Wi<span class="_ _4"></span>-Fi, <span class="_ _15"> </span>Wi-Max, </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc yc1 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">GSM/GPRS <span class="_ _c"> </span>which <span class="_ _10"> </span>co<span class="_ _4"></span>rrespond <span class="_ _c"> </span>to <span class="_ _c"> </span>the <span class="_ _c"> </span>standards <span class="_ _c"> </span>IEEE </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc yc2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">802.15.1, <span class="_ _c"> </span>802.15.3, <span class="_ _10"> </span>802.15.4, <span class="_ _10"> </span>802.11<span class="_ _4"></span>a/b/g, <span class="_ _10"> </span>802.16 <span class="_ _c"> </span>and </div><div class="t m0 x1c hc yc3 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">850<span class="ls1">-900 DCS PCS <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span>respectivel<span class="_ _4"></span>y [15], [16]. <span class="_ _1"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1b hc yc4 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2e hd yc5 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">T<span class="_ _5"></span>able 2: <span class="ff3">Comparison of chara<span class="_ _4"></span>cteristics for different wireless pro<span class="_ _4"></span>tocols<span class="_ _4"></span> </span></div><div class="c x2f yc6 w8 h17"><div class="t m0 x1f hd yc7 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Protocols </div></div><div class="c x30 yc6 w9 h17"><div class="t m0 x31 hd yc8 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Bluetooth </div><div class="t m0 x32 hc yc9 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">[2], [15], </div><div class="t m0 x33 hc yca ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">[18], [19] </div></div><div class="c x34 yc6 wa h17"><div class="t m0 x35 hd ycb ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls12 ws0">UWB<span class="ls1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x36 hc ycc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">[15], [20] </div></div><div class="c x37 yc6 wb h17"><div class="t m0 x32 hd yc8 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ZigBee/IP </div><div class="t m0 x38 hc yc9 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">[2], [15], [18], </div><div class="t m0 x36 hc yca ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">[19], [21<span class="_ _4"></span>-24] </div></div><div class="c x39 yc6 wc h17"><div class="t m0 x3a hd yc8 ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Wi-<span class="ls13">Fi</span> </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yc9 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">[1], [2], [15], </div><div class="t m0 x33 hc yca ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">[25], [26] </div></div><div class="c x3b yc6 wd h17"><div class="t m0 x32 hd ycb ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Wi-Ma<span class="_ _4"></span>x </div><div class="t m0 x38 hc ycc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">[18], [26<span class="_ _4"></span>-2<span class="ls14">9]</span> </div></div><div class="c x3c yc6 we h17"><div class="t m0 x3d hd ycb ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">GSM/GPRS </div><div class="t m0 x3d hc ycc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">[30], [31<span class="_ _4"></span>-34] </div></div><div class="c x2f ycd w8 h18"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yce ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Frequency band<span class="_ _4"></span> </div></div><div class="c x30 ycd w9 h18"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yce ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">2.4 GHz </div></div><div class="c x34 ycd wa h18"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ycf ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">3.1-10.6 </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd0 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls12 ws0">GHz<span class="ls1"> </span></div></div><div class="c x37 ycd wb h18"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ycf ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">868/915 MHz; </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd0 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">2.4 GHz </div></div><div class="c x39 ycd wc h18"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yce ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">2.4; 5 GHz </div></div><div class="c x3b ycd wd h18"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ycf ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">2.4; </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd0 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">5.1- 66 GHz </div></div><div class="c x3c ycd we h18"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd1 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">850/900; </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yce ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">1800/1900<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="ls15">MH</span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">z </div></div><div class="c x2f yd3 w8 h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Max signal rate </div></div><div class="c x30 yd3 w9 h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">720 Kb/s </div></div><div class="c x34 yd3 wa h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">110 Mb/s </div></div><div class="c x37 yd3 wb h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">250 Kb/s </div></div><div class="c x39 yd3 wc h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">54 Mb/s </div></div><div class="c x3b yd3 wd h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">35<span class="ls1">-70 Mb/s </span></div></div><div class="c x3c yd3 we h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">168 Kb/s </div></div><div class="c x2f yd4 w8 h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Nominal range<span class="_ _4"></span> </div></div><div class="c x30 yd4 w9 h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">10 m </div></div><div class="c x34 yd4 wa h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">10<span class="ls1">-102 m </span></div></div><div class="c x37 yd4 wb h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">10 <span class="ls1">- 1000 m </span></div></div><div class="c x39 yd4 wc h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">10<span class="ls1">-</span>100 <span class="ls1">m </span></div></div><div class="c x3b yd4 wd h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">0.3-49 Km </div></div><div class="c x3c yd4 we h19"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">2-35 Km </div></div><div class="c x2f yd5 w8 h1a"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yce ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Nominal <span class="_ _16"> </span>TX </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yca ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">power </div></div><div class="c x30 yd5 w9 h1a"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ycc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">0 <span class="ls1">- 10 dBm </span></div></div><div class="c x34 yd5 wa h1a"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yce ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">-41.3 </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yca ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">dBm/MHz </div></div><div class="c x37 yd5 wb h1a"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ycc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">-<span class="ls3">25 </span>- 0 dBm </div></div><div class="c x39 yd5 wc h1a"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ycc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">15 <span class="ls1">- 20 dBm </span></div></div><div class="c x3b yd5 wd h1a"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ycc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">23 dBm </div></div><div class="c x3c yd5 we h1a"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ycc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">0-39 dBm </div></div><div class="c x2f yd6 w8 h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Number <span class="_ _c"> </span>of <span class="_ _c"> </span>RF </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd8 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">channels </div></div><div class="c x30 yd6 w9 h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd9 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">79<span class="ls1"> </span></div></div><div class="c x34 yd6 wa h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd9 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws0">(1<span class="ls1">-<span class="ls3">15)</span> </span></div></div><div class="c x37 yd6 wb h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd9 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">1/10; 16 </div></div><div class="c x39 yd6 wc h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">14 (2.4 GHz) </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd8 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">64 (5 GHz)<span class="_ _4"></span> </div></div><div class="c x3b yd6 wd h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">4;8 </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd8 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">10;20 </div></div><div class="c x3c yd6 we h1b"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd9 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">124<span class="ls1"> </span></div></div><div class="c x2f yda w8 h1c"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydb ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Channel <span class="_ _15"> </span>ban<span class="ls3">d-</span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd8 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">width </div></div><div class="c x30 yda w9 h1c"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">1 MHz </div></div><div class="c x34 yda wa h1c"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydb ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">0.5- <span class="_ _17"> </span>7.5 </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd8 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls12 ws0">GHz<span class="ls1"> </span></div></div><div class="c x37 yda wb h1c"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydb ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">0.3/0.6 MHz; </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd8 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">2 MHz </div></div><div class="c x39 yda wc h1c"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">25<span class="ls1">-20 MHz </span></div></div><div class="c x3b yda wd h1c"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">20;10 <span class="_ _4"></span>MHz </div></div><div class="c x3c yda we h1c"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">200 kHz </div></div><div class="c x2f ydd w8 h1d"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yde ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Modulation </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydf ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">type </div></div><div class="c x30 ydd w9 h1d"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye0 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">GFSK, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yde ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">CPFSK, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydf ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">8-DPSK, <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _2"></span> <span class="_ _1"> </span> <span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="fc1 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydc ff5 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">π/4<span class="ff3">-DQPSK </span></div></div><div class="c x34 ydd wa h1d"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye1 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">BPSK, <span class="_ _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">PPM, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye3 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">PAM, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydb ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">OOK, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yd8 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">PWM </div></div><div class="c x37 ydd wb h1d"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye2 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">BPSK </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye3 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">QPSK, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydb ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">O-QPSK </div></div><div class="c x39 ydd wc h1d"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye0 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">BPSK, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yde ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">QPSK, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydf ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">OFDM, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">M-QAM </div></div><div class="c x3b ydd wd h1d"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye0 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">QAM16/64, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc yde ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">QPSK, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydf ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">BPSK, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ydc ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">OFDM </div></div><div class="c x3c ydd we h1d"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye3 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">GMSK, 8PSK<span class="_ _4"></span> </div></div><div class="c x2f ye4 w8 h1e"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye5 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Spreading </div></div><div class="c x30 ye4 w9 h1e"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye5 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">FHSS </div></div><div class="c x34 ye4 wa h1e"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye6 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls12 ws0">DS<span class="ls1">-UWB, </span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye5 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls15 ws0">MB<span class="ls1">-OFD</span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">M </div></div><div class="c x37 ye4 wb h1e"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye5 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">DSSS </div></div><div class="c x39 ye4 wc h1e"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye6 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls15 ws0">MC<span class="ls1">-DSSS, </span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye5 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">CCK, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">OFDM </div></div><div class="c x3b ye4 wd h1e"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye8 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">OFDM, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye9 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">OFDMA </div></div><div class="c x3c ye4 we h1e"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye5 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">TDMA, DSSS </div></div><div class="c x2f yea w8 h1f"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Basic cell </div></div><div class="c x30 yea w9 h1f"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Piconet </div></div><div class="c x34 yea wa h1f"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Piconet </div></div><div class="c x37 yea wb h1f"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Star </div></div><div class="c x39 yea wc h1f"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">BSS </div></div><div class="c x3b yea wd h1f"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls16 ws0">Si<span class="ls1">ngle-cell </span></div></div><div class="c x3c yea we h1f"><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Single-cell </div></div><div class="c x2f yeb w8 h20"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yec ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Extension of the </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">basic cell </div></div><div class="c x30 yeb w9 h20"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yed ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Scatternet </div></div><div class="c x34 yeb wa h20"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yec ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Peer-<span class="ls5">to</span>-<span class="ls17">Pe</span></div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws0">er<span class="ls1"> </span></div></div><div class="c x37 yeb wb h20"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yec ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Cluster <span class="_ _18"> </span>tree, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Mesh </div></div><div class="c x39 yeb wc h20"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yed ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ESS </div></div><div class="c x3b yeb wd h20"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yec ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">PTMP, </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">PTCM, </div></div><div class="c x3c yeb we h20"><div class="t m0 x23 hc yec ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Cellular </div><div class="t m0 x23 hc ye7 ff3 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">system </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.612578,0.000000,0.000000,1.612578,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
