linux入门教程.zip_linux_linux 入门_Linux/Unix编程下载-pudn.com

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="generator" content="pdf2htmlEX"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/base.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/fancy.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/624f4d2c74bc5c01052f2095/raw.css"> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/compatibility.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/pdf2htmlEX.min.js"></script> <script> try{ pdf2htmlEX.defaultViewer = new pdf2htmlEX.Viewer({}); }catch(e){} </script> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="sidebar" style="display: none"> <div id="outline"> </div> </div> <div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/624f4d2c74bc5c01052f2095/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">第<span class="ff2 sc1">2</span>章<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff2 sc1"> linux</span><span class="ls1">基础</span><span class="ff2 sc1"> </span></div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.333333,0.000000,0.000000,1.333333,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> </body> </html>

<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/624f4d2c74bc5c01052f2095/bg2.jpg"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">2 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws0">本章内容<span class="ff2 sc1 ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc1 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff1 fs4 fc3">了解<span class="ff4">LINUX</span>操作系统的结构<span class="ff4"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h6 y5 ff3 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff1 fs6 fc3 ls3">掌握登录和退出过程<span class="ff4 ls0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y6 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc1 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff1 fs4 fc3">简要介绍一些常用的<span class="ff4">shell </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y7 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc1 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff1 fs4 fc3">介绍一些初学者会用到的命令<span class="ff4"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h6 y8 ff3 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff1 fs6 fc3 ls3">简要介绍<span class="ff4 ls0">shell</span>中的一些元字符<span class="ff4 ls0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y9 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc1 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff1 fs4 fc3">掌握几个常用文本编辑器<span class="ff4"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 ya ff3 fs3 fc2 sc1 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff1 fs4 fc3">命令<span class="ff4">echo, exit, hostname, <span class="ls4">ls</span>, man, passwd, set</span>，</span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 yb ff4 fs6 fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0">setenv,uname,whatis,wh<span class="_ _2"></span>ereis,who<span class="ff1">，</span>whoami, <span class="_ _0"></span>alia<span class="_ _2"></span>s, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 yc ff4 fs4 fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0">cal, cat, cd, mkdir<span class="ls5">, </span>pwd<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls5">, <span class="ls0">rmdir,uptime </span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.333333,0.000000,0.000000,1.333333,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/624f4d2c74bc5c01052f2095/bg3.jpg"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">3 </div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 yd ff5 fs7 fc4 sc2 ls6 ws0">Linux<span class="ff6 ls0">系统架构<span class="ff5"> </span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.333333,0.000000,0.000000,1.333333,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/624f4d2c74bc5c01052f2095/bg4.jpg"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">4 </div><div class="t m0 x7 h4 ye ff2 fs2 fc4 sc1 ls0 ws0">Linux<span class="ff1 sc2 ls7">软件体系结构<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ff2 sc1 ls0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 yf ff2 fs8 fc3 sc1 ls8 ws0"> <span class="ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y10 ff7 fs9 fc3 sc3 ls7 ws0">应用程序：编译器、字处理器、电子制表软件、<span class="ff2 sc1 ls9">ftp</span><span class="ls0">、</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y11 ff2 fs9 fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0">telnet<span class="ff7 sc3">、</span>w<span class="_ _0"></span>eb<span class="ff7 sc3 ls7">浏览器、基于</span>X<span class="ff7 sc3">的</span>GUI </div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y12 ff2 fs9 fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0">Linux shell<span class="ff7 sc3">：</span>Bash<span class="ff7 sc3">、</span>T<span class="_ _3"></span>csh<span class="ff7 sc3">、</span>Zsh<span class="ff7 sc3">等</span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y13 ff7 fs9 fc3 sc3 lsa ws0">语言函数库：<span class="ff2 sc1 ls0">C</span><span class="ls0">、<span class="ff2 sc1">C++</span>、<span class="ff2 sc1">Jav<span class="_ _2"></span>a<span class="ff7 sc3">等</span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y14 ff7 fs9 fc3 sc3 ls7 ws0">系统调用接口（内核的入口）<span class="ff2 sc1 ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y15 ff2 fs9 fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0">Linux <span class="ff7 sc3 ls7">内核：</span> </div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y16 ff2 fs9 fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y17 ff2 fs9 fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y18 ff2 fs9 fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xa ha y19 ff2 fsa fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y1a ff2 fs9 fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h9 y1b ff7 fs9 fc3 sc3 ls7 ws0">文件管理<span class="ff2 sc1 ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hb y1c ff7 fs9 fc3 sc3 ls7 ws0">主存及二级存</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y1d ff7 fs9 fc3 sc3 ls7 ws0">储管理<span class="ff2 sc1 ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y1e ff7 fs9 fc3 sc3 ls7 ws0">进程管理<span class="ff2 sc1 ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y1f ff7 fs9 fc3 sc3 ls7 ws0">进程间通信<span class="ff2 sc1 ls0">IPC </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y20 ff2 fs9 fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0">CPU<span class="ff7 sc3 ls7">调度</span> </div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y21 ff7 fs9 fc3 sc3 ls7 ws0">设备驱动程序：鼠标驱动、打印机驱动、<span class="ff2 sc1 lsb">CD<span class="ls0">-ROM</span></span>驱动、</div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y22 ff2 fs9 fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0">DVD<span class="ff7 sc3 ls7">驱动、硬盘驱动等</span> </div><div class="t m0 xe hc y23 ff7 fs6 fc5 sc4 ls7 ws0">硬件<span class="ff2 sc1 ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf hb y24 ff7 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws0">应用程序</div><div class="t m0 xf hd y25 ff7 fsa fc0 sc0 ls2 ws0">用户接口</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 y26 ff7 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">（<span class="ff2 sc1">A<span class="_ _2"></span>UI<span class="ff7 sc0">）</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h9 y27 ff7 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws0">应用程序<span class="ff2 sc1 ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x12 ha y28 ff7 fsa fc0 sc0 ls2 ws0">界面<span class="ff2 sc1 ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y29 ff7 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">（<span class="ff2 sc1">A<span class="_ _2"></span>PI<span class="ff7 sc0">）</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 hb y2a ff7 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">操</div><div class="t m0 x13 hb y2b ff7 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">作</div><div class="t m0 x13 hb y2c ff7 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">系</div><div class="t m0 x13 h9 y2d ff7 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">统<span class="ff2 sc1"> </span></div><div class="c x14 y2e w2 he"><div class="t m2 x15 hf y2f ff8 fsb fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0"></div></div><div class="c x14 y30 w2 he"><div class="t m2 x15 hf y2f ff8 fsb fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0"></div></div><div class="c x16 y31 w2 h10"><div class="t m3 x15 h11 y32 ff8 fsc fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0"></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.333333,0.000000,0.000000,1.333333,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/624f4d2c74bc5c01052f2095/bg5.jpg"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">5 </div><div class="t m0 x17 h12 y33 ff1 fs7 fc4 sc2 ls0 ws0">登录和退<span class="_ _0"></span>出<span class="ff2 sc1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y24 ff3 fsd fc6 sc1 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff4 fse fc3">LINUX<span class="ff1 ls7">系统是<span class="fc0">多进程</span><span class="ls0">、<span class="fc0">多用户</span>和<span class="fc0">交<span class="_ _0"></span>互式</span>的计算环</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y34 ff1 fse fc3 sc1 ls7 ws0">境。<span class="ff4 ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y35 ff3 fsd fc6 sc1 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff1 fse fc3">两种登录<span class="_ _0"></span>和退出<span class="ff4">Linu<span class="_ _0"></span>x</span>系统的方式<span class="ff4"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h6 y36 ff3 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff1 fs6 fc3 ls3">基于文本的界面<span class="ff4 ls0">(command line interface<span class="ff1">，</span>CLIl) </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h14 y37 ff4 fsf fc5 sc1 lsc ws0"> <span class="ls0">telnet<span class="ff1">、</span>ssh<span class="ff1">等软件（命令）用<span class="_ _2"></span>于远程登录<span class="ff4"> <span class="_ _2"></span> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h5 y38 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc1 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff1 fs4 fc3">基于图形用户界面<span class="ff4">( <span class="ff9 ls4">X <span class="ls0">Window) </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h5 y39 ff4 fs4 fc3 sc1 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.333333,0.000000,0.000000,1.333333,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>