HVACI_Sensorless_2833x.rar_TMS320F28335_Sensorless_DSP编程_嵌入式/单片机/硬件编程下载-pudn.com

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="generator" content="pdf2htmlEX"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/base.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/fancy.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62502b8674bc5c01055c5fac/raw.css"> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/compatibility.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/pdf2htmlEX.min.js"></script> <script> try{ pdf2htmlEX.defaultViewer = new pdf2htmlEX.Viewer({}); }catch(e){} </script> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="sidebar" style="display: none"> <div id="outline"> </div> </div> <div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62502b8674bc5c01055c5fac/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _0"> </span> </div><div class="c x2 y4 w2 h3"><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y6 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y7 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y8 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y9 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 ya ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws1">Sensorless Field Ori<span class="_ _1"></span>ented<span class="ws0"> <span class="ls1 ws2">Control of<span class="_ _1"></span> 3<span class="ls0 ws0">-Phase </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 yb ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws2">Induction M<span class="_ _1"></span>otors<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ws1">Using F2833x<span class="ws0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h5 yc ff2 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 yd ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 ye ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 yf ff4 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Authors:<span class="_ _2"></span> Bilal Akin, Manish Bhar<span class="_ _2"></span>dwaj<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y10 ff3 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="c x2 y4 w2 h3"><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y11 ff3 fs5 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="c xa y12 w3 ha"><div class="t m0 xb hb y13 ff5 fs3 fc4 sc0 ls3 ws0">Texas<span class="_ _2"></span> Instrument<span class="_ _2"></span>s, Inc.<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 xc hb y14 ff5 fs3 fc4 sc0 ls3 ws0">C2000 Sys<span class="_ _2"></span>tems and A<span class="_ _2"></span>ppli<span class="_ _2"></span>catio<span class="_ _2"></span>ns<span class="ff6 ls0"> </span></div><div class="c xa y12 w3 ha"><div class="t m0 xd h2 y15 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> </body> </html>

<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62502b8674bc5c01055c5fac/bg2.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 hc y16 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws4">C2000 Systems and <span class="ls5 ws5">Ap<span class="_ _2"></span>plications<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _3"> </span> 2 </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y17 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd y18 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws6">Contents<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y19 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xe he y1c ff5 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y1d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws7">Introduct<span class="_ _2"></span>ion<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls5 ws5">................................................................................................................................................<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _5"></span>3 </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y1e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws8">Induction Mot<span class="_ _2"></span>ors<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _5"></span><span class="ls5 ws5">........................................................................................................................................<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _5"></span>3 </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y1f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">Field Orie<span class="_ _2"></span>nted<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span><span class="ws7">Con<span class="_ _2"></span>trol<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></span><span class="ls5">...............................................................................................................................<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _4"></span>5 </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y20 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">Benefits<span class="_ _2"></span> of 32<span class="ls0 ws0">-</span>bit<span class="_ _2"></span> C2000 C<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrollers<span class="_ _2"></span> for Dig<span class="_ _2"></span>ital Motor<span class="_ _2"></span> Contro<span class="_ _2"></span>l<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls5 ws5">...............................................................<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _4"></span>.<span class="ls7 ws7">11</span> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y21 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">TI Motor C<span class="_ _2"></span>ont<span class="ws8">rol Lit<span class="_ _2"></span>erature and DMC Librar<span class="_ _2"></span>y<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls5 ws5">..........................................................................................<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _5"></span><span class="ls7 ws7">12<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y22 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">System<span class="_ _2"></span> Overview<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _7"></span><span class="ls5 ws5">.....................................................................................................................................<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls7 ws7">13<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y23 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws8">Hardware Conf<span class="_ _2"></span>igurati<span class="_ _2"></span>on<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _7"></span><span class="ls5 ws5">...........................................................................................................................<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls7 ws7">17<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y24 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">Software <span class="_ _2"></span>Setup Instr<span class="_ _2"></span>uction<span class="ls8 ws9">s<span class="_ _2"></span> to Ru<span class="_ _2"></span>n HVAC<span class="_ _2"></span>I_</span><span class="ws7">S<span class="_ _2"></span>ensorles<span class="_ _2"></span>s_2833x<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span>Project<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _7"></span><span class="ls5 ws5">.................................................<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls7 ws7">19<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y25 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">Increm<span class="_ _2"></span>ental S<span class="_ _2"></span>y<span class="_ _1"></span>stem<span class="_ _2"></span> Build<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _8"></span><span class="ls5 ws5">........................................................................................................................<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls7 ws7">21</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y26 ff5 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xe he y27 ff5 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y28 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y29 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd y30 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls9 wsa">A<span class="_ _1"></span>bstract<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hf y31 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 h2 y32 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 wsb">This applicat<span class="_ _2"></span>ion note pr<span class="_ _2"></span>esents a s<span class="_ _2"></span>olution to c<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrol an AC in<span class="_ _2"></span>duction m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor using float<span class="_ _2"></span>ing poin<span class="_ _2"></span>t </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y33 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 wsc">TMS320F2<span class="_ _2"></span>833x m<span class="_ _2"></span>icrocontr<span class="_ _2"></span>ollers. T<span class="_ _2"></span>MS320F2833x<span class="_ _2"></span> devic<span class="_ _2"></span>es are part of<span class="_ _2"></span> the f<span class="_ _2"></span>amily of C20<span class="_ _2"></span>00 </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 wsd">microc<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrollers<span class="_ _2"></span> which e<span class="_ _2"></span>nable c<span class="_ _2"></span>ost<span class="ls0 ws0">-</span>ef<span class="_ _2"></span>fective d<span class="_ _2"></span>esign o<span class="_ _2"></span>f intell<span class="_ _2"></span>igent co<span class="_ _2"></span>ntrollers f<span class="_ _2"></span>or t<span class="_ _2"></span>hree phase<span class="_ _2"></span> m<span class="_ _2"></span>otors b<span class="_ _2"></span>y </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y35 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 wse">reducing the s<span class="_ _2"></span>ystem<span class="_ _2"></span> com<span class="_ _2"></span>ponents and inc<span class="_ _2"></span>rease eff<span class="_ _2"></span>icienc<span class="_ _2"></span>y. <span class="_ _1"></span>W<span class="_ _9"></span>ith these devices<span class="_ _2"></span> it is pos<span class="_ _2"></span>sible to rea<span class="_ _2"></span>lize far </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y36 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 wsf">mor<span class="_ _2"></span>e precise digital vect<span class="_ _2"></span>or contr<span class="_ _2"></span>ol algorithm<span class="_ _2"></span>s<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _a"> </span></span>like Field Orient<span class="_ _2"></span>ated Contr<span class="_ _2"></span>ol (FOC<span class="_ _2"></span>). This algorithm<span class="_ _2"></span>’s </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y37 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws10">implem<span class="_ _2"></span>entation is<span class="_ _2"></span> discus<span class="_ _2"></span>sed in t<span class="_ _2"></span>his doc<span class="_ _2"></span>ument us<span class="_ _2"></span>ing T<span class="_ _2"></span>I’s Digital<span class="_ _2"></span> Motor <span class="_ _2"></span>Contro<span class="_ _2"></span>l (DMC) L<span class="_ _2"></span>ibrar<span class="_ _2"></span>y. The FO<span class="_ _2"></span>C </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y38 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">algorithm<span class="_ _2"></span> m<span class="_ _2"></span>aintains ef<span class="_ _2"></span>ficienc<span class="_ _2"></span>y in a w<span class="_ _2"></span>ide range <span class="_ _2"></span>of s<span class="_ _2"></span>peeds and<span class="_ _2"></span> takes<span class="_ _2"></span> into cons<span class="_ _2"></span>iderati<span class="_ _2"></span>on torque<span class="_ _2"></span> changes<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _2"></span><span class="lsa ws11">with<span class="_ _2"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y39 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws8">transient phas<span class="_ _2"></span>es b<span class="_ _2"></span>y process<span class="_ _2"></span>ing a dynam<span class="_ _2"></span>ic model of<span class="_ _2"></span> the motor. Am<span class="_ _2"></span>ong the solut<span class="_ _2"></span>ions propos<span class="_ _2"></span>ed are wa<span class="_ _2"></span>ys to </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws12">eliminat<span class="_ _2"></span>e the phase cur<span class="_ _2"></span>rent sensor<span class="_ _2"></span>s and use an obser<span class="_ _2"></span>ver for speed s<span class="_ _2"></span>ensorless<span class="_ _2"></span> control. T<span class="_ _2"></span>he DMC Librar<span class="_ _2"></span>y </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws13">uses T<span class="_ _2"></span>I’s IQ math librar<span class="_ _2"></span>y, which s<span class="_ _2"></span>upports bot<span class="_ _2"></span>h<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _9"></span></span>f<span class="_ _2"></span>ixed and float<span class="_ _2"></span>ing point m<span class="_ _2"></span>aths. This<span class="_ _2"></span> mak<span class="_ _2"></span>es migrating f<span class="_ _2"></span>rom </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws14">floating to<span class="_ _2"></span> fixed p<span class="_ _2"></span>oint d<span class="_ _2"></span>evices e<span class="_ _2"></span>asy. A co<span class="_ _2"></span>nfigurat<span class="_ _2"></span>ion f<span class="_ _2"></span>or TMS320F<span class="_ _2"></span>2803x<span class="_ _2"></span>, which <span class="_ _2"></span>is a fixed<span class="_ _2"></span> point </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">microc<span class="_ _2"></span>ontroller, is<span class="_ _2"></span> avai<span class="_ _2"></span>lable in the <span class="_ _2"></span>projec<span class="_ _2"></span>t to highl<span class="_ _2"></span>ight th<span class="_ _2"></span>is.<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">This appl<span class="_ _2"></span>ication <span class="_ _2"></span>note cov<span class="_ _2"></span>ers the f<span class="_ _2"></span>oll<span class="ws7">owing: <span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y40 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x11 h2 y41 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="ls7 ws5">A theoret<span class="_ _2"></span>ical back<span class="_ _2"></span>ground o<span class="_ _2"></span>n field or<span class="_ _2"></span>iented</span> <span class="ls7 ws5">m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor c<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrol pr<span class="_ _2"></span>inciple.<span class="_ _2"></span></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h2 y42 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="ls7 ws5">Increm<span class="_ _2"></span>ental buil<span class="_ _2"></span>d levels b<span class="_ _2"></span>ased</span> <span class="ls7 ws5">on m<span class="_ _2"></span>odul<span class="_ _2"></span>ar softwar<span class="_ _2"></span>e bl<span class="_ _2"></span>ocks</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h2 y43 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="ls7 ws7">Experim<span class="_ _2"></span>ental</span> r<span class="ls7 ws7">es<span class="_ _2"></span>ults</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y44 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y45 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62502b8674bc5c01055c5fac/bg3.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 hc y16 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws4">C2000 Systems and <span class="ls5 ws5">Ap<span class="_ _2"></span>plications<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _3"> </span> 3 </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y17 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd y46 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws6">Introduction<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hd y47 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y48 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws15">The m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor control i<span class="_ _2"></span>ndustr<span class="_ _2"></span>y is a strong,<span class="_ _2"></span> aggres<span class="_ _2"></span>sive sec<span class="_ _2"></span>tor. T<span class="_ _2"></span>o remain com<span class="_ _2"></span>petitive n<span class="_ _2"></span>ew pro<span class="_ _2"></span>ducts m<span class="_ _2"></span>ust </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y49 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws16">address s<span class="_ _2"></span>everal desi<span class="_ _2"></span>gn constr<span class="_ _2"></span>aints includ<span class="_ _2"></span>ing cos<span class="_ _2"></span>t reduction, po<span class="_ _2"></span>wer consum<span class="_ _2"></span>ption reduc<span class="_ _2"></span>tion, po<span class="_ _2"></span>wer fact<span class="_ _2"></span>or </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y4a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws17">correc<span class="_ _2"></span>tion, and re<span class="_ _2"></span>duced E<span class="_ _2"></span>MI radiat<span class="_ _2"></span>ion. In or<span class="_ _2"></span>der to m<span class="_ _2"></span>eet these c<span class="_ _2"></span>hallenges ad<span class="_ _2"></span>vanced c<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrol <span class="_ _2"></span>algorithm<span class="_ _2"></span>s </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y4b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws17">are necess<span class="_ _2"></span>ary. Em<span class="_ _2"></span>bedded c<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrol techn<span class="_ _2"></span>olog<span class="_ _2"></span>y<span class="_ _1"></span> allo<span class="_ _2"></span>ws both a h<span class="_ _2"></span>igh level of<span class="_ _2"></span> perform<span class="_ _2"></span>ance and s<span class="_ _2"></span>ystem cos<span class="_ _2"></span>t </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y4c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws13">reduction to<span class="_ _2"></span> be achi<span class="_ _2"></span>eved. Ac<span class="_ _2"></span>cording to m<span class="_ _2"></span>ark<span class="_ _2"></span>et analysis<span class="_ _2"></span>, the maj<span class="_ _2"></span>ority of<span class="_ _2"></span> industrial<span class="_ _2"></span> motor<span class="_ _2"></span> applications<span class="_ _2"></span> use </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y4d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">AC induc<span class="_ _2"></span>tion m<span class="_ _2"></span>otors. T<span class="_ _2"></span>he reasons<span class="_ _2"></span> for th<span class="_ _2"></span>is ar<span class="_ _2"></span>e higher r<span class="_ _2"></span>obustn<span class="_ _2"></span>ess, hi<span class="_ _2"></span>gher rel<span class="_ _2"></span>iabilit<span class="_ _2"></span>y, <span class="ws8">lower<span class="_ _2"></span> prices and higher<span class="_ _2"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y4e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws18">eff<span class="_ _2"></span>iciency (up to<span class="_ _2"></span> 80%)<span class="_ _2"></span> on c<span class="_ _2"></span>omparison <span class="_ _2"></span>with ot<span class="_ _2"></span>her m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor types<span class="_ _2"></span>. Howe<span class="_ _2"></span>ver, th<span class="_ _2"></span>e use of<span class="_ _2"></span> induct<span class="_ _2"></span>ion m<span class="_ _2"></span>otors is </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y4f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws19">challeng<span class="_ _2"></span>ing bec<span class="_ _2"></span>ause of<span class="_ _2"></span> its c<span class="_ _2"></span>omplex m<span class="_ _2"></span>athem<span class="_ _2"></span>atical m<span class="_ _2"></span>odel, its <span class="_ _2"></span>non line<span class="_ _2"></span>ar beha<span class="_ _2"></span>vior dur<span class="_ _2"></span>ing satura<span class="_ _2"></span>tion <span class="_ _2"></span>and the<span class="_ _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y50 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws1a">electrica<span class="_ _2"></span>l param<span class="_ _2"></span>eter osc<span class="_ _2"></span>illation<span class="_ _2"></span> which <span class="_ _2"></span>depen<span class="_ _2"></span>ds on th<span class="_ _2"></span>e ph<span class="_ _2"></span>ysical <span class="_ _2"></span>influence <span class="_ _2"></span>of tem<span class="_ _2"></span>perature<span class="_ _2"></span>. These f<span class="_ _2"></span>actors<span class="_ _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y51 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws17">mak<span class="_ _2"></span>e the control<span class="_ _2"></span> of induc<span class="_ _2"></span>tion m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor com<span class="_ _2"></span>plex and ca<span class="_ _2"></span>ll f<span class="_ _2"></span>or use of a h<span class="_ _2"></span>igh perf<span class="_ _2"></span>ormanc<span class="_ _2"></span>e contr<span class="_ _2"></span>ol algorit<span class="_ _2"></span>hms </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y52 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">such as “<span class="_ _2"></span>vector co<span class="_ _2"></span>ntrol” an<span class="_ _2"></span>d a po<span class="_ _2"></span>werful m<span class="_ _2"></span>icrocontr<span class="_ _2"></span>oller to ex<span class="_ _2"></span>ecute th<span class="_ _2"></span>is algor<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="lsa ws11">ith<span class="_ _2"></span>m.<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y53 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y54 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws18">During the <span class="_ _2"></span>last fe<span class="_ _2"></span>w decad<span class="_ _2"></span>es the field of<span class="_ _2"></span> control<span class="_ _2"></span>led elec<span class="_ _2"></span>trical dr<span class="_ _2"></span>ives has und<span class="_ _2"></span>ergone ra<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls8 ws1b">PI<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _c"></span></span></span>expans<span class="_ _2"></span>ion due </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y55 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws1c">mainl<span class="_ _2"></span>y<span class="_ _1"></span> to the b<span class="_ _2"></span>enefits o<span class="_ _2"></span>f microc<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrollers. T<span class="_ _2"></span>hese technol<span class="_ _2"></span>ogical im<span class="_ _2"></span>provem<span class="_ _2"></span>ents have ena<span class="_ _2"></span>bled the<span class="_ _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y56 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws12">developm<span class="_ _2"></span>ent of ver<span class="_ _2"></span>y effect<span class="_ _2"></span>ive AC drive contr<span class="_ _2"></span>ol with l<span class="_ _2"></span>ower po<span class="_ _2"></span>wer diss<span class="_ _2"></span>ipation hard<span class="_ _2"></span>ware and m<span class="_ _2"></span>ore acc<span class="_ _2"></span>urate </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y57 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws1d">control str<span class="_ _2"></span>uctures. T<span class="_ _2"></span>he electr<span class="_ _2"></span>ical drive c<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrols<span class="_ _2"></span> become m<span class="_ _2"></span>ore acc<span class="_ _2"></span>urate in the sen<span class="_ _2"></span>se that not<span class="_ _2"></span> onl<span class="_ _2"></span>y are the </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y58 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws18">DC quantit<span class="_ _2"></span>ies contro<span class="_ _2"></span>lled but als<span class="_ _2"></span>o the three ph<span class="_ _2"></span>ase AC c<span class="_ _2"></span>urrents and vo<span class="_ _2"></span>ltages are m<span class="_ _2"></span>anaged b<span class="_ _2"></span>y so<span class="ls0 ws0">-</span><span class="ws7">called<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y59 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws12">vector co<span class="_ _2"></span>ntrols.<span class="_ _2"></span> This d<span class="_ _2"></span>ocum<span class="_ _2"></span>ent brief<span class="_ _2"></span>ly describ<span class="_ _2"></span>es the <span class="_ _2"></span>im<span class="_ _2"></span>plementatio<span class="_ _2"></span>n of the m<span class="_ _2"></span>ost<span class="_ _2"></span> eff<span class="_ _2"></span>icient form<span class="_ _2"></span> of a v<span class="_ _2"></span>ector </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y5a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws1e">control sc<span class="_ _2"></span>heme: the F<span class="_ _2"></span>ield Orientat<span class="_ _2"></span>ed Control m<span class="_ _2"></span>ethod<span class="_ _2"></span>. It is based on three m<span class="_ _2"></span>ajor points: t<span class="_ _2"></span>he m<span class="_ _2"></span>achine </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y5b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws8">current and <span class="_ _2"></span>voltage s<span class="_ _2"></span>pace vector<span class="_ _2"></span>s, the tra<span class="_ _2"></span>nsform<span class="_ _2"></span>ation <span class="_ _2"></span>of a three phas<span class="_ _2"></span>e speed an<span class="_ _2"></span>d tim<span class="_ _2"></span>e dependent s<span class="_ _2"></span>ystem </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y5c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 wse">into a two c<span class="_ _2"></span>o<span class="ls0 ws0">-</span>ordinat<span class="_ _2"></span>e tim<span class="_ _2"></span>e invariant s<span class="_ _2"></span>ystem<span class="_ _2"></span> and eff<span class="_ _2"></span>ective Space <span class="_ _2"></span>Vector <span class="_ _2"></span>Pulse Width <span class="_ _2"></span>Modulati<span class="_ _2"></span>on patt<span class="_ _2"></span>ern </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y5d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws15">generati<span class="_ _2"></span>on. Thank<span class="_ _2"></span>s to th<span class="_ _2"></span>ese al<span class="_ _2"></span>gortihm<span class="_ _2"></span>s, the c<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrol <span class="_ _2"></span>of AC m<span class="_ _2"></span>achine ac<span class="_ _2"></span>quires e<span class="_ _2"></span>very ad<span class="_ _2"></span>vantage <span class="_ _2"></span>of DC </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y5e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">m<span class="ls7 wsb">achine contr<span class="_ _2"></span>ol and f<span class="_ _2"></span>rees itself f<span class="_ _2"></span>rom mechanic<span class="_ _2"></span>al comm<span class="_ _2"></span>utation dra<span class="_ _2"></span>wback<span class="_ _2"></span>s. Furtherm<span class="_ _2"></span>ore, this c<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrol </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y5f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws1f">structur<span class="_ _2"></span>e, by achievin<span class="_ _2"></span>g a very accur<span class="_ _2"></span>ate stead<span class="_ _2"></span>y state and trans<span class="_ _2"></span>ient contr<span class="_ _2"></span>ol, leads to hi<span class="_ _2"></span>gh dynam<span class="_ _2"></span>ic </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y60 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">perform<span class="_ _2"></span>ance in t<span class="_ _2"></span>erms of<span class="_ _2"></span> response t<span class="_ _2"></span>imes<span class="_ _2"></span> and power c<span class="_ _2"></span>onversio<span class="_ _2"></span>n. <span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y61 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y62 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd y63 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws20">Induction Motors <span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y64 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y65 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws10">Induction m<span class="_ _2"></span>otors<span class="_ _2"></span> derive their nam<span class="_ _2"></span>e f<span class="_ _2"></span>rom the way the<span class="_ _2"></span> rotor magnet<span class="_ _2"></span>ic f<span class="_ _2"></span>ield is created. T<span class="_ _2"></span>he rotat<span class="_ _2"></span>ing stator </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y66 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws1a">magnetic<span class="_ _2"></span> field ind<span class="_ _2"></span>uces cur<span class="_ _2"></span>rents in the s<span class="_ _2"></span>hort c<span class="_ _2"></span>ircuited<span class="_ _2"></span> rotor. T<span class="_ _2"></span>hese cur<span class="_ _2"></span>rents pro<span class="_ _2"></span>duce the r<span class="_ _2"></span>otor m<span class="_ _2"></span>agnetic </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y67 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws1d">field, whic<span class="_ _2"></span>h interac<span class="_ _2"></span>ts with the s<span class="_ _2"></span>tator m<span class="_ _2"></span>agnetic<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _9"></span></span>f<span class="_ _2"></span>ield, and pro<span class="_ _2"></span>duces torq<span class="_ _2"></span>ue, whic<span class="_ _2"></span>h is the usef<span class="_ _2"></span>ul mec<span class="_ _2"></span>hanical<span class="_ _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y68 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">output of<span class="_ _2"></span> the m<span class="_ _2"></span>achine. <span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y69 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y6a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws16">The three phas<span class="_ _2"></span>e squirrel c<span class="_ _2"></span>age AC induct<span class="_ _2"></span>ion motor<span class="_ _2"></span> is the most widel<span class="_ _2"></span>y used motor. T<span class="_ _2"></span>he bars form<span class="_ _2"></span>ing the </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y6b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws19">conductors<span class="_ _2"></span> along t<span class="_ _2"></span>he rotor<span class="_ _2"></span> axis<span class="_ _2"></span> are connec<span class="_ _2"></span>ted <span class="_ _2"></span>by a thi<span class="_ _2"></span>ck met<span class="_ _2"></span>al ring at<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _2"></span></span>the ends<span class="_ _2"></span>, res<span class="_ _2"></span>ulting in<span class="_ _2"></span> a short c<span class="_ _2"></span>ircuit<span class="_ _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y6c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws21">as shown in Fi<span class="_ _2"></span>g.1. The s<span class="_ _2"></span>inusoidal stat<span class="_ _2"></span>or phase cur<span class="_ _2"></span>rents<span class="_ _2"></span> fed in the stator c<span class="_ _2"></span>oils<span class="_ _2"></span> create a m<span class="_ _2"></span>agnetic f<span class="_ _2"></span>ield </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y6d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws15">rotating at t<span class="_ _2"></span>he speed of<span class="_ _2"></span> the stator f<span class="_ _2"></span>requenc<span class="_ _2"></span>y (</div><div class="t m0 x12 h10 y6e ff9 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ω</div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y6f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s</div><div class="t m0 x14 h2 y6e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws15">). The c<span class="_ _2"></span>hanging field <span class="_ _2"></span>induce<span class="_ _2"></span>s a curr<span class="_ _2"></span>ent in the cage<span class="_ _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y70 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws7">conductors<span class="_ _2"></span>,<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span><span class="ws22">which results<span class="_ _2"></span> in the crea<span class="_ _2"></span>tion of<span class="_ _2"></span> a second m<span class="_ _2"></span>agnetic f<span class="_ _2"></span>ield aroun<span class="_ _2"></span>d the rotor<span class="_ _2"></span> wires. As a<span class="_ _2"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y71 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 wse">conseque<span class="_ _2"></span>nce of<span class="_ _2"></span> the forc<span class="_ _2"></span>es created<span class="_ _2"></span> by the <span class="_ _2"></span>interac<span class="_ _2"></span>tion of<span class="_ _2"></span> these two f<span class="_ _2"></span>ields, t<span class="_ _2"></span>he rot<span class="_ _2"></span>or experi<span class="_ _2"></span>ences <span class="_ _2"></span>a torque<span class="_ _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y72 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">and starts r<span class="_ _2"></span>otating <span class="_ _2"></span>in the <span class="_ _2"></span>direction<span class="_ _2"></span> of the sta<span class="_ _2"></span>tor f<span class="_ _2"></span>ield.<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y73 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y74 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws23">As th<span class="ls7 ws17">e rotor<span class="_ _2"></span> begins to spe<span class="_ _2"></span>ed up and appr<span class="_ _2"></span>oach the s<span class="_ _2"></span>ynchron<span class="_ _2"></span>ous spee<span class="_ _2"></span>d of the stator<span class="_ _2"></span> magnetic<span class="_ _2"></span> field, the </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y75 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws21">relative s<span class="_ _2"></span>peed betw<span class="_ _2"></span>een the r<span class="_ _2"></span>otor and the s<span class="_ _2"></span>tator flux<span class="_ _2"></span> decreas<span class="_ _2"></span>es, decreas<span class="_ _2"></span>ing the ind<span class="_ _2"></span>uced vol<span class="_ _2"></span>tage in the </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y76 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">stator a<span class="_ _2"></span>nd reduci<span class="_ _2"></span>ng the<span class="_ _2"></span> ener<span class="_ _2"></span>gy conver<span class="_ _2"></span>ted to <span class="_ _2"></span>torque. T<span class="_ _2"></span>his c<span class="_ _2"></span>auses<span class="_ _2"></span> the torq<span class="_ _2"></span>ue prod<span class="_ _2"></span>uction to<span class="_ _2"></span> drop of<span class="_ _2"></span>f, and <span class="_ _2"></span>the </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y77 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws16">motor<span class="_ _2"></span> will reach a stead<span class="_ _2"></span>y state at a point <span class="_ _2"></span>where th<span class="_ _2"></span>e load torque is<span class="_ _2"></span> matc<span class="_ _2"></span>hed with the m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor torque. T<span class="_ _2"></span>his </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y78 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">point is <span class="_ _2"></span>an equil<span class="_ _2"></span>ibrium<span class="_ _2"></span> reached dep<span class="_ _2"></span>ending on<span class="_ _2"></span> the inst<span class="_ _2"></span>antan<span class="_ _2"></span>eous loa<span class="_ _2"></span>ding of th<span class="_ _2"></span>e m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor. In brief:<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y79 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y7a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y7b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y7c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y7d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y7e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62502b8674bc5c01055c5fac/bg4.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 hc y16 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws4">C2000 Systems and <span class="ls5 ws5">Ap<span class="_ _2"></span>plications<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _3"> </span> 4 </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y17 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="c x15 y7f w4 h12"><div class="t m0 x9 h13 y80 ff3 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsb ws24">Rotor flux<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x16 y81 w5 h14"><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y82 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A’</div><div class="t m0 x17 h2 y83 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc5 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x18 y84 w6 h15"><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y85 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A </div></div><div class="c x19 y86 w7 h16"><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y87 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B </div></div><div class="c x19 y88 w8 h17"><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y89 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m0 x17 h2 y8a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc5 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x1a y8b w9 h18"><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y8c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C’ </div></div><div class="c x1b y8d wa h19"><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y8e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">B’ </div></div><div class="c x1c y8f wb h1a"><div class="t m0 x9 h1b y90 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">i<span class="fs9">a</span> </div></div><div class="c x1d y91 wc h12"><div class="t m0 x9 h13 y92 ff3 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsc ws25">Rotor rotati<span class="_ _2"></span>on<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x1e y93 wd h12"><div class="t m0 x9 h13 y80 ff3 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsc ws25">Stator fl<span class="_ _2"></span>ux<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x1f y94 we h1c"><div class="t m0 x20 h1d y95 ffb fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ω</div></div><div class="c x21 y96 wf h1e"><div class="t m0 x22 h1f y97 ffb fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ω<span class="_ _e"></span>=<span class="_ _f"></span>Ω<span class="_ _10"> </span><span class="ffc">.<span class="_ _11"></span><span class="ffd">s</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 h20 y98 ffd fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">R</div></div><div class="c x24 y99 w10 h21"><div class="t m0 x23 h20 y9a ffd fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m0 x20 h22 y9b ffb fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ω</div></div><div class="c x25 y9c w11 h12"><div class="t m0 x9 h13 y80 ff3 fs9 fc0 sc0 lsb ws24">A<span class="_ _1"></span>luminum bar<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y9d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y9e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y9f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h23 yaa ffe fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x26 h2 yab ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">Fig.1 Ind<span class="_ _2"></span>uction M<span class="_ _2"></span>otor Rotor<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yac ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yad ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _c"> </span><span class="ls7 ws10">O<span class="_ _2"></span>wing to the fac<span class="_ _2"></span>t that the i<span class="_ _2"></span>nduction m<span class="_ _2"></span>echanism<span class="_ _2"></span> needs<span class="_ _2"></span> a relative diff<span class="_ _2"></span>erence betw<span class="_ _2"></span>een the m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor speed </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x27 h2 yae ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws21">and the stator<span class="_ _2"></span> flux s<span class="_ _2"></span>peed, the induc<span class="_ _2"></span>tion m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor rotate<span class="_ _2"></span>s at a frequenc<span class="_ _2"></span>y near, but<span class="_ _2"></span> less than that <span class="_ _2"></span>of the </div><div class="t m0 x27 h2 yaf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">synchron<span class="_ _2"></span>ous spee<span class="_ _2"></span>d.<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yb0 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _c"> </span><span class="ls7 ws5">T<span class="_ _2"></span>his slip m<span class="_ _2"></span>ust be pr<span class="_ _2"></span>esent, e<span class="_ _2"></span>ven when o<span class="_ _2"></span>perating<span class="_ _2"></span> in a f<span class="_ _2"></span>ield</span>-<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls7 ws5">oriented co<span class="_ _2"></span>ntrol r<span class="_ _2"></span>egim<span class="_ _2"></span>e.</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yb1 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _c"> </span><span class="ls7 ws12">T<span class="_ _2"></span>he rotor in an induc<span class="_ _2"></span>tion motor<span class="_ _2"></span> is not exter<span class="_ _2"></span>nall<span class="_ _2"></span>y<span class="_ _1"></span> exc<span class="_ _2"></span>ited. T<span class="_ _2"></span>his means that ther<span class="_ _2"></span>e is no need f<span class="_ _2"></span>or slip rings<span class="_ _2"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x27 h2 yb2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">and brus<span class="_ _2"></span>hes. This<span class="_ _2"></span> mak<span class="_ _2"></span>es the induct<span class="_ _2"></span>ion m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor robus<span class="_ _2"></span>t, inexpens<span class="_ _2"></span>ive and n<span class="_ _2"></span>eed less<span class="_ _2"></span> m<span class="_ _2"></span>aintenance.<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yb3 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _c"> </span><span class="ls7 ws5">T<span class="_ _2"></span>orque produc<span class="_ _2"></span>tion is<span class="_ _2"></span> governed <span class="_ _2"></span>by the <span class="_ _2"></span>angle form<span class="_ _2"></span>ed be<span class="_ _2"></span>tween the<span class="_ _2"></span> rotor a<span class="_ _2"></span>nd the sta<span class="_ _2"></span>tor m<span class="_ _2"></span>agnetic f<span class="_ _2"></span>luxes.<span class="_ _2"></span></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yb4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h24 yb5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws8">In Fig.2 the rotor<span class="_ _2"></span> speed is d<span class="_ _2"></span>enoted by <span class="fff ls0 ws0">Ω</span>. Stat<span class="_ _2"></span>or and rot<span class="_ _2"></span>or fr<span class="_ _2"></span>equencies are link<span class="_ _2"></span>ed by a param<span class="_ _2"></span>eter called the </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yb6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsa ws11">slip </div><div class="t m0 x11 h25 yb7 ffa fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s<span class="ff1 fs0 ls7 ws5">, expr<span class="_ _2"></span>essed <span class="_ _2"></span>in per unit<span class="_ _2"></span> as </span></div><div class="c x28 yb8 w12 h21"><div class="t m1 x29 h20 y9a ffd fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s<span class="_ _12"></span>r<span class="_ _f"></span>s</div><div class="t m2 x20 h26 y9b ffd fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s</div><div class="t m3 x2a h27 y9b ffb fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ω<span class="_ _13"></span>ω<span class="_ _14"></span>ω</div><div class="t m2 x7 h1f y9b ffc fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">/<span class="_ _15"></span>)<span class="_ _16"></span>(<span class="_ _17"> </span><span class="ffb">−<span class="_ _18"></span>=</span></div></div><div class="t m0 x13 h2 yb7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">. </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yb9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yba ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ybb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd ybc ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 hd ybd ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd ybe ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd ybf ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd yc0 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd yc1 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd yc2 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd yc3 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd yc4 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd yc5 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd yc6 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd yc7 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd yc8 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x27 hd yc9 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd yca ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd ycb ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ycc ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ycd ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">where s is c<span class="_ _2"></span>alled t<span class="_ _2"></span>he “slip”<span class="_ _2"></span>: it repres<span class="_ _2"></span>ents th<span class="_ _2"></span>e dif<span class="_ _2"></span>ference bet<span class="_ _2"></span>ween the s<span class="_ _9"></span>ynchronous f<span class="_ _2"></span>requenc<span class="_ _2"></span>y and the </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yce ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">actual m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor r<span class="_ _2"></span>otating spe<span class="_ _2"></span>ed.<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ycf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yd0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="c x2b yd1 w13 h28"><div class="t m0 x9 h2 yd2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">Fig2. Squir<span class="_ _2"></span>rel cage<span class="_ _2"></span> rotor <span class="_ _2"></span>AC induc<span class="_ _2"></span>tion m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor cuta<span class="_ _2"></span>way vie<span class="_ _2"></span>w<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x2c yd3 w14 h29"><div class="t m4 x2d h2a yd4 ffd fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">p</div><div class="t m4 x2e h2a yd5 ffd fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s<span class="_ _19"></span>s<span class="_ _1a"></span>s<span class="_ _f"></span><span class="lsd ws26">rad</span></div><div class="t m4 x2f h2a yd6 ffd fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">p</div><div class="t m4 x30 h2a yd7 ffd fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s<span class="_ _f"></span><span class="lsd ws26">rad</span></div><div class="t m4 x31 h2a yd8 ffd fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">p</div><div class="t m4 x32 h2a yd9 ffd fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s<span class="_ _f"></span><span class="lsd ws26">rad</span></div><div class="t m5 x33 h2b yda ffd fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m5 x34 h2b ydb ffd fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m5 x35 h2b ydc ffd fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m5 x36 h2b ydd ffd fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m5 x37 h2b yde ffd fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m6 x1c h2c ydf ffb fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ω</div><div class="t m6 x38 h2c ye0 ffb fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ω</div><div class="t m6 x39 h2c ye1 ffb fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ω</div><div class="t m4 x3a h2d ye2 ffc fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">)<span class="_ _1b"></span>1<span class="_ _11"></span>(<span class="_ _13"></span><span class="lsd ws26">).<span class="_ _1c"></span><span class="ls0 ws0">1<span class="_ _11"></span>(<span class="_ _1d"></span>)<span class="_ _1e"></span>/</span></span></div><div class="t m4 x3b h2d ye3 ffc fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">:</div><div class="t m4 x3c h2d ye4 ffc fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">)<span class="_ _1e"></span>/<span class="_ _1f"></span>:</div><div class="t m4 x3d h2d ye5 ffc fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">)<span class="_ _1e"></span>/</div><div class="t m4 x3e h2e ye2 ffb fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">−<span class="_ _20"></span>=<span class="_ _20"></span>Ω<span class="_ _f"></span>−<span class="_ _20"></span>=<span class="_ _21"></span>Ω</div><div class="t m4 x3f h2e ye6 ffb fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m4 x3f h2e ye7 ffb fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m4 x3f h2e ye8 ffb fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m4 x40 h2e ye9 ffb fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=<span class="_ _20"></span>Ω</div><div class="t m4 x41 h2f yea ff1 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _22"></span>:<span class="_ _23"></span>(<span class="_ _24"></span> <span class="_ _25"></span><span class="lse ws27">speed<span class="_ _25"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _26"></span><span class="lse ws27">rotating<span class="_ _27"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _28"></span><span class="lse ws27">rotor<span class="_ _29"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _24"></span>-</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m4 x42 h2f yeb ff1 fse fc0 sc0 lse ws27">number<span class="_ _26"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _1c"></span><span class="lse ws27">pairs<span class="_ _28"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _2a"></span><span class="lse ws27">poles<span class="_ _2b"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _2c"></span>stator<span class="_ _2d"></span> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m4 x43 h2f yec ff1 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(<span class="_ _24"></span> <span class="_ _2e"></span><span class="lse ws27">freq<span class="_ _2f"></span>supply <span class="_ _18"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _30"></span><span class="lsf ws28"> AC<span class="_ _31"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m4 x1b h2f ye9 ff1 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _22"></span>.<span class="_ _32"></span> <span class="_ _22"></span>:<span class="_ _23"></span>(<span class="_ _24"></span> <span class="_ _25"></span><span class="lse ws27">speed<span class="_ _25"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _33"></span>field<span class="_ _34"></span> <span class="_ _26"></span><span class="lse ws27">rotating<span class="_ _27"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _2c"></span>stator<span class="_ _2d"></span> <span class="_ _24"></span>-</span></span></span></span></div></div><div class="c x11 yed w15 h30"><div class="t m7 x9 h31 yee ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls10 ws29">Skewed Cage Bars<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x44 yef w16 h32"><div class="t m7 x9 h31 yf0 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls10 ws29">End Rings<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62502b8674bc5c01055c5fac/bg5.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 hc y16 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws4">C2000 Systems and <span class="ls5 ws5">Ap<span class="_ _2"></span>plications<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _3"> </span> 5 </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y17 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd y46 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws20">Field Oriented Control <span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yf1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _35"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yf2 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls11 ws4">Introducti<span class="_ _1"></span>on<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yf3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yf4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws8">A sim<span class="_ _2"></span>ple control s<span class="_ _2"></span>uch as th<span class="_ _2"></span>e V/Hz strate<span class="_ _2"></span>gy has l<span class="_ _2"></span>imitati<span class="_ _2"></span>ons on the p<span class="_ _2"></span>erform<span class="_ _2"></span>ance. To ac<span class="_ _2"></span>hieve be<span class="_ _2"></span>tter d<span class="_ _2"></span>ynamic </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yf5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws16">perform<span class="_ _2"></span>ance, a m<span class="_ _2"></span>ore complex<span class="_ _2"></span> control s<span class="_ _2"></span>chem<span class="_ _2"></span>e needs to b<span class="_ _2"></span>e applie<span class="_ _2"></span>d, to contr<span class="_ _2"></span>ol the i<span class="_ _2"></span>nduction<span class="_ _2"></span> motor<span class="_ _2"></span>. <span class="_ _1"></span>W<span class="_ _2"></span>ith </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yf6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws1d">the mathem<span class="_ _2"></span>atic<span class="_ _2"></span>al processi<span class="_ _2"></span>ng power of<span class="_ _2"></span>fered b<span class="_ _2"></span>y the mic<span class="_ _2"></span>rocontroll<span class="_ _2"></span>ers, w<span class="_ _2"></span>e can im<span class="_ _2"></span>plem<span class="_ _2"></span>ent advanced contr<span class="_ _2"></span>ol </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yf7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws17">strategies<span class="_ _2"></span>, which us<span class="_ _2"></span>e m<span class="_ _2"></span>athematic<span class="_ _2"></span>al transform<span class="_ _2"></span>ations i<span class="_ _2"></span>n order to <span class="_ _2"></span>decoupl<span class="_ _2"></span>e the tor<span class="_ _2"></span>que gen<span class="_ _2"></span>eration a<span class="_ _2"></span>nd the </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yf8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws16">magneti<span class="_ _2"></span>zation func<span class="_ _2"></span>tions in an AC induc<span class="_ _2"></span>tion m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor. Suc<span class="_ _2"></span>h de<span class="ls0 ws0">-</span>coupl<span class="_ _2"></span>ed torque an<span class="_ _2"></span>d magneti<span class="_ _2"></span>zation contro<span class="_ _2"></span>l is </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yf9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">comm<span class="_ _2"></span>only called r<span class="_ _2"></span>otor flux <span class="_ _2"></span>oriented c<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrol<span class="_ _2"></span>, or sim<span class="_ _2"></span>ply Field O<span class="_ _2"></span>riented<span class="_ _2"></span> Control (F<span class="_ _2"></span>OC).<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yfa ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yfb ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls11 ws2a">The main philos<span class="_ _1"></span>ophy behind the FOC<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yfc ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yfd ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 wse">In order to u<span class="_ _2"></span>ndersta<span class="_ _2"></span>nd the <span class="_ _2"></span>spirit of the<span class="_ _2"></span> Field Ori<span class="_ _2"></span>ented C<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrol tech<span class="_ _2"></span>nique, <span class="_ _2"></span>let us star<span class="_ _2"></span>t with an ov<span class="_ _2"></span>erview of<span class="_ _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yfe ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws18">the separat<span class="_ _2"></span>ely excited d<span class="_ _2"></span>irect c<span class="_ _2"></span>urrent (DC<span class="_ _2"></span>) Motor. In this type of<span class="_ _2"></span> motor, the ex<span class="_ _2"></span>citation for the s<span class="_ _2"></span>tator and </div><div class="t m0 x1 h23 yff ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws2b">rotor is <span class="_ _2"></span>independ<span class="_ _2"></span>entl<span class="_ _2"></span>y controll<span class="_ _2"></span>ed. <span class="ffe ls11 ws2c">An electrical study of the DC motor<span class="_ _1"></span> shows that the produced </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h23 y100 ffe fs0 fc0 sc0 ls11 ws2d">torque and the<span class="_ _1"></span> flux can be i<span class="_ _1"></span>ndependentl<span class="_ _1"></span>y tuned<span class="ff1 ls7 ws8">. The s<span class="_ _2"></span>trength of<span class="_ _2"></span> the field <span class="_ _2"></span>exci<span class="_ _2"></span>tation (i.e.<span class="_ _2"></span> the m<span class="_ _2"></span>ag<span class="ws7">nitude<span class="_ _2"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y101 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws8">of the f<span class="_ _2"></span>ield excitat<span class="_ _2"></span>ion curren<span class="_ _2"></span>t) sets t<span class="_ _2"></span>he value of<span class="_ _2"></span> the flux.<span class="_ _2"></span> The cur<span class="_ _2"></span>rent throug<span class="_ _2"></span>h the rot<span class="_ _2"></span>or windin<span class="_ _2"></span>gs determ<span class="_ _2"></span>ines </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y102 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws2e">how m<span class="_ _2"></span>uch torque is produc<span class="_ _2"></span>ed. The c<span class="_ _2"></span>ommutator<span class="_ _2"></span> on the rotor pla<span class="_ _2"></span>ys an intere<span class="_ _2"></span>sting part in the tor<span class="_ _2"></span>que </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y103 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws1d">production. T<span class="_ _2"></span>he com<span class="_ _2"></span>mut<span class="_ _2"></span>ator is in contact <span class="_ _2"></span>with the br<span class="_ _2"></span>ushes, and t<span class="_ _2"></span>he mec<span class="_ _2"></span>hanical cons<span class="_ _2"></span>truction is d<span class="_ _2"></span>esigned </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y104 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws2f">to switch <span class="_ _2"></span>into the c<span class="_ _2"></span>ircuit the<span class="_ _2"></span> windin<span class="_ _2"></span>gs that ar<span class="_ _2"></span>e mec<span class="_ _2"></span>hanicall<span class="_ _2"></span>y aligned to pr<span class="_ _2"></span>oduce <span class="_ _2"></span>the m<span class="_ _2"></span>aximum<span class="_ _2"></span> torque. T<span class="_ _2"></span>his </div><div class="t m0 x1 h23 y105 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws2f">arrangem<span class="_ _2"></span>ent then m<span class="_ _2"></span>eans that the tor<span class="_ _2"></span>que produc<span class="_ _2"></span>tion of<span class="_ _2"></span> the mac<span class="_ _2"></span>hine is fairly near <span class="_ _2"></span>optimal all the tim<span class="_ _2"></span>e. <span class="ffe ls11 ws4">The </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h23 y106 ffe fs0 fc0 sc0 ls11 ws30">key poi<span class="_ _1"></span>nt here is that the windings are<span class="_ _1"></span> managed to keep the flux produce<span class="_ _1"></span>d by the rotor windi<span class="_ _1"></span>ngs </div><div class="t m0 x1 h23 y107 ffe fs0 fc0 sc0 ls11 ws2a">orthogonal to<span class="_ _1"></span> the stator<span class="_ _1"></span> field<span class="ff1 ls0 ws0">. </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y108 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x45 h2 y109 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y10a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y10b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">Induction<span class="_ _2"></span> m<span class="_ _2"></span>achines do n<span class="_ _2"></span>ot have t<span class="_ _2"></span>he sam<span class="_ _2"></span>e k<span class="_ _2"></span>ey feature<span class="_ _2"></span>s as the<span class="_ _2"></span> DC m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor. Ho<span class="_ _2"></span>wever, in<span class="_ _2"></span> both cas<span class="_ _2"></span>es we <span class="_ _2"></span>have<span class="_ _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y10c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws1a">only one sour<span class="_ _2"></span>ce that can <span class="_ _2"></span>be contro<span class="_ _2"></span>lled whic<span class="_ _2"></span>h is the stator<span class="_ _2"></span> currents<span class="_ _2"></span>. On the s<span class="_ _2"></span>ynchronous<span class="_ _2"></span> machine, th<span class="_ _2"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y10d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 wse">rotor exc<span class="_ _2"></span>itation is <span class="_ _2"></span>given b<span class="_ _2"></span>y the per<span class="_ _2"></span>manent<span class="_ _2"></span> magnets<span class="_ _2"></span> mounted o<span class="_ _2"></span>nto the<span class="_ _2"></span> shaft. O<span class="_ _2"></span>n the s<span class="_ _2"></span>ynchronous<span class="_ _2"></span> motor<span class="_ _2"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y10e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws19">the onl<span class="_ _2"></span>y source of po<span class="_ _2"></span>wer and m<span class="_ _2"></span>agnetic f<span class="_ _2"></span>ield is the s<span class="_ _2"></span>tator phas<span class="_ _2"></span>e voltag<span class="_ _2"></span>e. Obvious<span class="_ _2"></span>ly, as op<span class="_ _2"></span>posed to th<span class="_ _2"></span>e DC </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y10f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">motor<span class="_ _2"></span>, flux and tor<span class="_ _2"></span>que depe<span class="_ _2"></span>nd on each<span class="_ _2"></span> other<span class="_ _2"></span>.<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y110 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y111 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws19">The goal of<span class="_ _2"></span> the<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span>F<span class="_ _2"></span>OC (also called vec<span class="_ _2"></span>tor contro<span class="_ _2"></span>l) on sync<span class="_ _2"></span>hronous and as<span class="_ _2"></span>ynchro<span class="_ _2"></span>nous m<span class="_ _2"></span>achine is to be able </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y112 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws13">to separ<span class="_ _2"></span>ately contr<span class="_ _2"></span>ol the<span class="_ _2"></span> torque <span class="_ _2"></span>produc<span class="_ _2"></span>ing and m<span class="_ _2"></span>agneti<span class="_ _2"></span>zing flux<span class="_ _2"></span> com<span class="_ _2"></span>ponents. T<span class="_ _2"></span>he contro<span class="_ _2"></span>l techn<span class="_ _2"></span>ique goa<span class="_ _2"></span>l </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y113 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">is to (in a s<span class="_ _2"></span>ense)<span class="_ _2"></span> imitate t<span class="_ _2"></span>he DC m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor’s oper<span class="_ _2"></span>ation.<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y114 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hf y115 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _35"> </span><span class="ff3 ls11 ws2a">Why Field Or<span class="_ _1"></span>iented Control <span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y116 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y117 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws15">As a well kno<span class="_ _2"></span>w fact about<span class="_ _2"></span> the asynchro<span class="_ _2"></span>nous m<span class="_ _2"></span>achine, we f<span class="_ _2"></span>ace som<span class="_ _2"></span>e natural lim<span class="_ _2"></span>itations with a V/H<span class="_ _2"></span>z </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y118 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws19">control appr<span class="_ _2"></span>oach. F<span class="_ _2"></span>OC control <span class="_ _2"></span>will allo<span class="_ _2"></span>w us to get arou<span class="_ _2"></span>nd these lim<span class="_ _2"></span>itations, b<span class="_ _2"></span>y decoup<span class="_ _2"></span>ling the ef<span class="_ _2"></span>fec<span class="_ _2"></span>t of the </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y119 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws2e">torque and <span class="_ _2"></span>the m<span class="_ _2"></span>agnetizing f<span class="_ _2"></span>lux. W<span class="_ _2"></span>ith decoup<span class="_ _2"></span>led co<span class="_ _2"></span>ntrol of<span class="_ _2"></span> the magneti<span class="_ _2"></span>zation,<span class="_ _2"></span> the torque <span class="_ _2"></span>produc<span class="_ _2"></span>ing </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y11a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws15">component<span class="_ _2"></span> of th<span class="_ _2"></span>e stator<span class="_ _2"></span> flux can <span class="_ _2"></span>now be<span class="_ _2"></span> though<span class="_ _2"></span>t of<span class="_ _2"></span> as indepen<span class="_ _2"></span>dent t<span class="_ _2"></span>orque c<span class="_ _2"></span>ontrol. N<span class="_ _2"></span>ow, dec<span class="_ _2"></span>oupled<span class="_ _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y11b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws16">control, at <span class="_ _2"></span>low s<span class="_ _2"></span>peeds, th<span class="_ _2"></span>e m<span class="_ _2"></span>agnetization c<span class="_ _2"></span>an be m<span class="_ _2"></span>aintained<span class="_ _2"></span> at the<span class="_ _2"></span> proper l<span class="_ _2"></span>evel, and<span class="_ _2"></span> the to<span class="ls12 wse">rque can<span class="_ _1"></span> be </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y11c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">controlled<span class="_ _2"></span> to regul<span class="_ _2"></span>ate the<span class="_ _2"></span> speed. <span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="c x11 y11d w17 h33"><div class="t m0 x46 h2 y11e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">Fig 3. S<span class="_ _2"></span>eparated <span class="_ _2"></span>excitation<span class="_ _2"></span> DC m<span class="_ _2"></span>otor m<span class="_ _2"></span>odel, flux a<span class="_ _2"></span>nd torque <span class="_ _2"></span>are inde<span class="_ _2"></span>pende<span class="_ _2"></span>ntly </div></div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y11f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws5">controlled<span class="_ _2"></span> and th<span class="_ _2"></span>e current t<span class="_ _2"></span>hrough th<span class="_ _2"></span>e rotor <span class="_ _2"></span>windings<span class="_ _2"></span> determ<span class="_ _2"></span>ines ho<span class="_ _2"></span>w much tor<span class="_ _2"></span>que is </div><div class="c x11 y11d w17 h33"><div class="t m0 x47 h2 yf0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws7">produce<span class="_ _2"></span>d.<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div></div><div class="c x48 y120 w18 h34"><div class="t m8 x49 h35 y121 ffc fs11 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">)<span class="_ _36"></span>(</div><div class="t m8 x4a h35 y122 ffc fs11 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">.<span class="_ _37"></span>.</div><div class="t m8 x4b h35 y123 ffc fs11 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">.<span class="_ _37"></span>.</div><div class="t m8 x4c h36 y124 ffd fs12 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">e</div><div class="t m8 x9 h36 y125 ffd fs12 fc0 sc0 ls13 ws31">em</div><div class="t m8 x22 h37 y126 ffd fs11 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">I<span class="_ _38"></span>f</div><div class="t m8 x4d h37 y127 ffd fs11 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">K<span class="_ _2c"></span>E</div><div class="t m8 x4e h37 y128 ffd fs11 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">I<span class="_ _39"></span>K<span class="_ _26"></span>T</div><div class="t m8 x4f h38 y126 ffb fs11 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=<span class="_ _3a"></span>Φ</div><div class="t m8 x49 h38 y127 ffb fs11 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ω<span class="_ _33"></span>Φ<span class="_ _3b"></span>=</div><div class="t m8 x50 h38 y128 ffb fs11 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Φ<span class="_ _3b"></span>=</div></div><div class="c x51 y129 w19 h39"><div class="t m7 x52 h31 y12a ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls10 ws32">Inductor<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="ls14 ws33">(field </span></span></div></div><div class="t m7 x53 h31 y12b ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls10 ws32">excitation)<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="c x2d y12c w19 h3a"><div class="t m7 x54 h31 y12d ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls10 ws29">Armature Circuit<span class="ls0 ws0"> </span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>