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<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/626b1b147ae5df2aa7f5c016/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">PUBLIC RELEASE VERSION</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">NAVSTAR GPS</div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws2">USER EQUIPMENT</div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y4 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws3">INTRODUCTION</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y5 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws4">SEPTEMBER 1996</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">PUBLIC RELEASE VERSION</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/626b1b147ae5df2aa7f5c016/bg2.jpg"><div class="c x6 y7 w2 h5"><div class="t m0 x0 h6 y8 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3">iii</div></div><div class="t m0 x7 h4 y9 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws3">CONTENTS</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 ya ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3">Page</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 yb ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws5">CHAPTER 1: SYSTEM OVERVIEW<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls9 ws3">..............................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">1-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 yc ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">1.1<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="lsc ws6">General Description<span class="_ _3"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.........<span class="lsa">1-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 yd ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">1.2<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="lsd ws7">System Overview<span class="_ _4"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.............<span class="lsa">1-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 ye ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">1.2.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="lsf ws8">Space Segment<span class="_ _4"></span></span><span class="ls9">..................................................................................................<span class="lsa">1-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 yf ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">1.2.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls10 ws9">Control Segment<span class="_ _3"> </span></span><span class="ls9">...............................................................................................<span class="lsa">1-3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y10 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">1.2.3<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls11 wsa">User Segment<span class="_ _4"></span></span><span class="ls9">....................................................................................................<span class="lsa">1-5</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y11 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">1.3<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls12 wsb">GPS Services<span class="_ _3"> </span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>...................<span class="lsa">1-5</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y12 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">1.3.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls13 wsc">Precise Positioning Service<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................<span class="_ _1"></span>................................................<span class="lsa">1-5</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y13 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">1.3<span class="ls14">.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls15 wsd">Standard Positioning Service<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.............<span class="lsa">1-6</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y14 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">1.4<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls16 wse">GPS Theory of Operation<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................................................<span class="lsa">1-6</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y15 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">1.4.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls17 wsf">GPS Satellite Signals<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">.........................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">1-7</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y16 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.4.1.1<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls19">C/A-Code<span class="ls9">..........................................................................................<span class="lsa">1-7</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y17 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.4.1.2<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls1a">P(Y)-Code<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ls9">........................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">1-7</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y18 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.4.1.3<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls1b ws10">Navigation Message<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">..........................................................................<span class="lsa">1-7</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y19 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.4.1.4<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls1c ws11">Satellite Signal Modulation <span class="_ _3"> </span></span><span class="ls9">..............................................................<span class="lsa">1-8</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y1a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">1.4.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls1d ws12">GPS Receiver Operation<span class="_ _3"> </span></span><span class="ls9">...................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">1-9</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y1b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.4.2.1<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls1e ws13">Satellite Selection<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................<span class="_ _1"></span>............................................<span class="ls1f">1-10</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y1c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.4.2.2<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls20 ws14">Satellite Signal Acquisition<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................<span class="_ _1"></span>..............................<span class="ls1f">1-11</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y1d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.4.2.3<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls21 ws15">Down Conversion<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">...........................................................................<span class="ls1f">1-12</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y1e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.4.2.4<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls22 ws16">Code Tracking<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>................<span class="ls1f">1-13</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y1f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.4.2.5<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls23 ws17">Carrier Tracking and Data Detection<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">..............................................<span class="ls1f">1-13</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y20 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.4.2.6<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls24 ws18">Data Demodulation<span class="_ _4"></span></span><span class="ls9">.........................................................................<span class="ls1f">1-14</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y21 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls14 ws3">1.4.<span class="lsb">2.7<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls25 ws19">P(Y)-Code Signal Acquisition</span><span class="ls9">.........................................................<span class="ls1f">1-14</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y22 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.4.2.8<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls26 ws1a">PVT Calculations<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>............<span class="ls1f">1-14</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y23 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.4.2.9<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls27 ws1b">Degraded Operation and Aiding<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">.....................................................<span class="ls1f">1-17</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y24 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">1.5<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls28 ws1c">Program Management<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">...................................................................................................<span class="ls1f">1-17</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y25 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">1.5.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls29 ws1d">System Development and Management<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">..........................................................<span class="ls1f">1-17</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y26 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">1.5.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls2a ws1e">System Requirements, Planning, and Operations<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">............................................<span class="ls1f">1-17</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y27 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">1.6<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls2b ws1f">GPS Program History<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">....................................................................................................<span class="ls1f">1-18</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y28 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">1.6.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls2c ws20">Pre-Concept Validation (1960s-1972)<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">............................................................<span class="ls1f">1-18</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y29 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">1.6.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls2d ws21">Phase I - Concept Validation (1973-1979)<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">......................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1f">1-18</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y2a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">1.6.3<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls2e ws22">Phase II - Full Scale Development (1979-1985)</span><span class="ls9">..............................................<span class="ls1f">1-19</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y2b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">1.6.4<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls2f ws23">Phase III - Production and Deployment (1986 to Present)<span class="_ _9"></span></span><span class="ls9">..............................<span class="ls30">1-<span class="ls31">20</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y2c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.6.4.1<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls32 ws24">Space Segment (1986 to Present)<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">...................................................<span class="ls1f">1-20</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y2d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.6.4.2<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls33 ws25">Control Segment (1986 to Present)<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">................................................<span class="ls1f">1-21</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y2e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">1.6.4.3<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls34 ws26">User Segment (1986 to Present)<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">.....................................................<span class="ls1f">1-22</span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/626b1b147ae5df2aa7f5c016/bg3.jpg"><div class="t m0 xd h2 y2f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls35 ws27">CONTENTS (Continued)</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3">Page</div><div class="c x6 y31 w2 h5"><div class="t m0 x0 h6 y8 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls36 ws3">iv</div></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y32 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls37 ws28">CHAPTER 2: TYPES OF GPS RECEIVERS AND THEIR INTENDED</div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y33 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls38 ws29"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ls39 ws3">APPLICATIONS<span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.....................................<span class="lsa">2-1</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y34 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">2.1<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls3a ws2a">GPS Receiver Architectures<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">............................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">2-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y35 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">2.1.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls3b ws2b">Continuous Receivers<span class="_ _9"></span></span><span class="ls9">........................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">2-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y36 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">2.1.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls3c ws2c">Sequential Receivers</span><span class="ls9">..........................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">2-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y37 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">2.1.2.1<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls3d ws2d">One-Channel Sequential Receivers</span><span class="ls9">....................................................<span class="lsa">2-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y38 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">2.1.2.2<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls3e ws2e">Two-Channel Sequential Receivers</span><span class="ls9">...................................................<span class="lsa">2-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y39 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">2.1.3<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls3f ws2f">Multiplex (MUX) Receivers<span class="_ _9"></span></span><span class="ls9">..............................................................................<span class="lsa">2-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">2.2<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls40 ws30">"All-In-View" Receivers<span class="_ _3"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>..<span class="lsa">2-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">2.3<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls41">Autono<span class="ls42 ws31">mous Integrity Monitoring Techniques<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">2-3</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">2.4<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls43 ws32">Time Transfer Receivers<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>..................................<span class="lsa">2-3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">2.5<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls44 ws33">Differential GPS (DPGS) Receivers<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">2-3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">2.6<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls45 ws34">Surveying Receivers</span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.........................................<span class="lsa">2-5</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">2.7<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls46 ws35">Analog/Digital Receivers<span class="_ _3"> </span></span><span class="ls9">.................................................................................................<span class="lsa">2-7</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y40 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">2.8<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls47 ws36">GPS As A <span class="ls48 ws37">Pseudorange/Delta Range Sensor<span class="_ _8"> </span></span></span><span class="ls9">..................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">2-8</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y41 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls17 ws38">CHAPTER 3: MINIMUM PERFORMANCE CAPABILITIES OF A</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y42 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls38 ws29"> <span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="ls49 ws39">GPS RECEIVER<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ls9 ws3">................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.....<span class="lsa">3-1</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y43 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">3.1<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls4a ws3a">Basic Considerations<span class="_ _9"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>........<span class="lsa">3-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y44 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">3.1.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls4b ws3b">GPS System Accuracy Characteristics<span class="_ _3"> </span></span><span class="ls9">..............................................................<span class="lsa">3-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y45 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">3.1.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls4c ws3c">GPS PPS System Range-Error Budget<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">.............................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">3-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y46 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">3.1.2.1<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls4d ws3d">GPS UE Range-Error Budget</span><span class="ls9">...........................................................<span class="lsa">3-3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y47 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">3.1.3<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls4e ws3e">Geometric Dilution of Precision<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">........................................................................<span class="lsa">3-4</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y48 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">3.2<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls4f ws3f">Receiver Position Accuracy<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">.............................................................................................<span class="lsa">3-6</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y49 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">3.3<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls50 ws40">Receiver Velocity Accuracy</span><span class="ls9">.............................................................................................<span class="lsa">3-7</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y4a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">3.4<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls51 ws41">Receiver Time Accuracy<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>..<span class="lsa">3-7</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y4b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">3.5<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls52">Time-To-First-Fix<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls9">............................................................................................................<span class="lsa">3-8</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y4c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">3.5.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls53 ws42">Warm Start, Cold Start, and Hot Start<span class="_ _4"></span></span><span class="ls9">..............................................................<span class="lsa">3-9</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y4d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">3.5.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls54 ws43">Receiver </span><span class="ls55">Warm-Up<span class="_"> </span><span class="ls9">................................<span class="_ _1"></span>...........................................................<span class="lsa">3-9</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y4e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">3.5.3<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls56 ws44">Almanac Collection<span class="_ _3"> </span></span><span class="ls9">.........................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1f">3-10</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y4f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">3.5.4<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls57 ws45">Initial Uncertainties</span><span class="ls9">..........................................................................................<span class="ls1f">3-10</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y50 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">3.5.5<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls58 ws46">Ephemerides Collection<span class="_ _9"></span></span><span class="ls9">...................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1f">3-10</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y51 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">3.5.6<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls59 ws47">Enhanced Acquisition Techniques<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>...<span class="ls1f">3-10</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y52 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">3.5.7<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls5a ws48">Direct P(Y)-Code Acquisition<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.........<span class="ls1f">3-11</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y53 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">3.5.8<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls5b ws49">TTFF Requirements<span class="_ _3"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>........................<span class="ls1f">3-11</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y54 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">3.5.9<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls5c ws3f">Satellite Reacquisition<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">.....................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1f">3-11</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y55 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5d ws4a">CHAPTER 4: GPS RECEIVER INTERFACE AND ANCILLARY</div><div class="t m0 xe h6 y56 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5e ws3">EQUIPMENT<span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls9">..........................................................................................................<span class="lsa">4-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y57 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">4.1<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls1a">Introduction<span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls9">.....................................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">4-1</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y58 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">4.2<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls5f ws4b">General Purpose Interfaces<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">..............................................................................................<span class="lsa">4-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y59 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">4.2.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls60 ws4c">MIL-STD-1553 Multiplex Data Bus<span class="_ _9"></span></span><span class="ls9">.................................................................<span class="lsa">4-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y5a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">4.2.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls61 ws4d">ARINC 429 Digital Information Transfer System<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">.............................................<span class="lsa">4-2</span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/626b1b147ae5df2aa7f5c016/bg4.jpg"><div class="t m0 xd h2 y2f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls35 ws27">CONTENTS (Continued)</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3">Page</div><div class="c xf y31 w3 h5"><div class="t m0 x0 h6 y8 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls62 ws3">v</div></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y32 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">4.2.3<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls63 ws4e">Uses of the MIL-STD-1553 and ARINC 429 Interfaces<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">..................................<span class="lsa">4-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y33 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">4.2.3.1<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls64 ws4f">Control-and-Display Unit<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>..<span class="lsa">4-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y34 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">4.2.3.2<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls65 ws50">Data Loader System</span><span class="ls9">..........................................................................<span class="lsa">4-5</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y35 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">4.2.3.3<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls66 ws51">Flight Instrument Interface Unit<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">........................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">4-6</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y36 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">4.2.3.4<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls67 ws52">Inertial Navigation Systems</span><span class="ls9">...............................................................<span class="lsa">4-8</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y37 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">4.3<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls68 ws53">Precise Time and Time Interval Interface</span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.........<span class="lsa">4-9</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y38 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">4.3.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls1a">Introduction<span class="ls9">.......................................................................................................<span class="lsa">4-9</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y39 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">4.3.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls69 ws54">Precise T<span class="ls6a ws55">ime Inputs<span class="_ _4"></span></span></span><span class="ls9">...........................................................................................<span class="lsa">4-9</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y3a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">4.3.3<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls6b ws56">Precise Time Outputs<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">........................................................................................<span class="lsa">4-9</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">4.4<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls6c ws57">Roll/Pitch/Heading/Water-Speed Analog Input Interface<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">..............................................<span class="ls1f">4-10</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">4.5<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls6d ws58">Instrumentation Port Interface<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">.......................................................................................<span class="ls1f">4-10</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">4.6<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls6e ws59">RS-232 Interface</span><span class="ls9">............................................................................................................<span class="ls1f">4-10</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">4.7<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls6f ws5a">Barometric Altimeter Interface<span class="_ _3"> </span></span><span class="ls9">......................................................................................<span class="ls1f">4-10</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">4.8<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls70 ws5b">GPS Interface Options<span class="_ _4"></span></span><span class="ls9">...................................................................................................<span class="ls1f">4-11</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y40 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">4.8.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls1a">Introduction<span class="ls9">.....................................................................................................<span class="ls1f">4-11</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y5b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">4.8.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls71 ws5c">Implementing a New Interface in an Existing GPS Receiver<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">...........................<span class="ls1f">4-11</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y41 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">4.8.3<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls72 ws4c">Redesign of HV Interfaces to Accommodate an</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y42 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls73 ws5d"> Existing GPS Receiver<span class="_ _3"></span><span class="ls9 ws3">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.................<span class="ls1f">4-11</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y43 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">4.8.4<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls74 ws5e">Separate Development of an Interface Box<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">.....................................................<span class="ls1f">4-11</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y45 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls75 ws5f">CHAPTER 5: ANTENNA SUBSYSTEMS<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls9 ws3">......................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">5-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y46 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">5.1<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls1a">Introduction<span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls9">.....................................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">5-1</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y47 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">5.2<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls76">FRPA<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls9">................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>...............................<span class="lsa">5-1</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y48 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">5.2.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls77 ws60">General Characteristics<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">......................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">5-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y49 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">5.2.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls78 ws61">FRPA Types<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>......<span class="lsa">5-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y4a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">5.3<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls79 ws62">CRPA Equipment<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">............................................................................................................<span class="lsa">5-4</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y4c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7a ws63">CHAPTER 6: SERVICE COVERAGE, SERVICE AVAILABILITY, AND SERVICE</div><div class="t m0 xe h6 y4d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7a ws64">RELIABILITY; SATELLITE SELECTION CRITERIA AND FIGURE OF</div><div class="t m0 xe h6 y4e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7b ws65">MERIT DESCRIPTION<span class="_ _9"></span><span class="ls9 ws3">..........................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">6-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y4f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">6.1<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls7c ws66">Service Coverage, Service Availability, And Service Reliability<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">......................................<span class="lsa">6-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y50 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">6.1.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls7d ws67">Parameter Definitions<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>........................<span class="lsa">6-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y51 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">6.1.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls7e ws68">Service Coverage Characteristics<span class="_ _3"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>......<span class="lsa">6-3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y52 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.2.1<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls10 ws69">Service Coverage Standards<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">.............................................................<span class="lsa">6-3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y53 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.2.2<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls7f ws6a">The GPS 24-Satellite Co</span><span class="ls80">nstellation<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls9">...................................................<span class="lsa">6-3</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y54 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.2.3<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls81 ws6b">Expected Service Coverage Characteristics<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">......................................<span class="lsa">6-4</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y5c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">6.1.3<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls82 ws6c">Service Availability Characteristics<span class="_ _9"></span></span><span class="ls9">....................................................................<span class="lsa">6-5</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y55 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.3.1<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls83 ws6d">Service Availability Standards<span class="_ _4"></span></span><span class="ls9">...........................................................<span class="lsa">6-5</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y56 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.3.2<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls84 ws6e">Satellite Outage Effects on Service Availability<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ls9">................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">6-5</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y57 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.3.3<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls85 ws6f">Expected Service Availability Characteristics</span><span class="ls9">....................................<span class="lsa">6-6</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y58 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">6.1.4<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls86 ws70">Service Reliability Characteristics<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">......................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">6-8</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y59 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.4.1<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls87 ws71">Service Reliability Standards<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">.............................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">6-8</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y5a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.4.2<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls88 ws72">GPS Service Failure Characteristics<span class="_ _c"></span></span><span class="ls9">..................................................<span class="lsa">6-9</span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/626b1b147ae5df2aa7f5c016/bg5.jpg"><div class="t m0 xd h2 y2f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls35 ws27">CONTENTS (Continued)</div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws3">Page</div><div class="c x6 y31 w2 h5"><div class="t m0 x0 h6 y8 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls36 ws3">vi</div></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y32 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.4.3<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls89 ws73">Failure Frequency Estimate<span class="_ _4"></span></span><span class="ls9">...............................................................<span class="lsa">6-9</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y33 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.4.4<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls64 ws74">Failure Durati<span class="ls8a ws75">on Estimate<span class="_ _8"> </span></span></span><span class="ls9">.................................................................<span class="lsa">6-9</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y34 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.4.5<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls8b ws76">Failure Magnitude and Behavior<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">.....................................................<span class="ls1f">6-10</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y35 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.4.6<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls8c ws77">User Global Distribution and Failure Visibility<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................<span class="ls1f">6-10</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y36 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.4.7<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls8d ws78">Satellite Use in the Position Solution<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ls9">................................<span class="_ _1"></span>..............<span class="ls1f">6-10</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y37 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.4.8<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls8e ws79">Failure Effect on Position Solution</span><span class="ls9">..................................................<span class="ls1f">6-11</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y38 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.4.9<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls61 ws4d">Expected Service Reliability Characteristics<span class="_ _9"></span></span><span class="ls9">....................................<span class="ls1f">6-11</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y39 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">6.1.5<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls8f ws7a">Additional Commentary<span class="_ _3"> </span></span><span class="ls9">..................................................................................<span class="ls1f">6-11</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y3a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.5.1<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls90 ws7b">24 Operational Satellites and Service Availability<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">...........................<span class="ls1f">6-11</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y3b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.5.2<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls91 ws7c">PDOP Less Than Six<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">......................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1f">6-13</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y3c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.5.3<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls92 ws7d">Four-Satellite Solution and Five-Degree Mask Angle<span class="_ _9"></span></span><span class="ls9">.....................<span class="ls1f">6-13</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y3d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls31 ws3">6<span class="ls14">.1.5.4<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls93 ws7e">Integrity Checking<span class="_ _9"></span></span><span class="ls9">...........................................................................<span class="ls1f">6-14</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y3e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws3">6.1.5.5<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ls94 ws7f">Summary of the Commentary<span class="_ _3"> </span></span><span class="ls9">.........................................................<span class="ls1f">6-15</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">6.2<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls8e ws79">Satellite Selection Criteria<span class="_ _4"></span></span><span class="ls9">..............................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1f">6-15</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y40 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">6.2.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls1a">Introduction<span class="ls9">.....................................................................................................<span class="ls1f">6-15</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y5b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">6.2.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls95 ws80">Satellite Health<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">................................<span class="_ _1"></span>................................................................<span class="ls1f">6-15</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y41 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">6.2.3<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls4e ws3e">Geometric Dilution of Precision<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">......................................................................<span class="ls1f">6-16</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y42 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">6.2.4<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls96 ws81">User Range Accuracy<span class="_ _9"></span></span><span class="ls9">......................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1f">6-16</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y43 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">6.2.5<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls97 ws82">Satellite Elevation Angle<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">.................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1f">6-16</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y44 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">6.2.6<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls98 ws83">External Aids<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>...<span class="ls1f">6-16</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y45 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">6.3<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls99 ws84">Figure Of Merit (FOM)<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">.................................................................................................<span class="ls1f">6-17</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y47 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls9a ws85">CHAPTER 7: AIDING OPTIONS FOR A GPS RECEIVER<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ls9 ws3">..........................................................<span class="lsa">7-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y48 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">7.1<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls9b ws86">Types of Aiding<span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>...............................................<span class="lsa">7-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y49 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">7.2<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls9c ws87">Aiding During Initial Acquisition<span class="_ _3"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.....................<span class="lsa">7-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y4a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">7.2.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls9d ws88">Position and Velocity Aiding<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">.............................................................................<span class="lsa">7-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y4b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">7.2.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls9e ws89">Time Aiding</span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.......................................<span class="lsa">7-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y4c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">7.2.3<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls9f ws8a">Almanac Data<span class="_ _0"></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>....<span class="lsa">7-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y4d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">7.2.4<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls1c ws8b">Effect On TTFF</span><span class="ls9">.................................................................................................<span class="lsa">7-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y4e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">7.3<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="lsa0 ws8c">Aiding to Translate Navigation Solution<span class="_ _9"></span></span><span class="ls9">..........................................................................<span class="lsa">7-3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y4f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">7.4<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls80 ws8d">Aiding to Replace a Satellite Measurement</span><span class="ls9">......................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">7-3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y50 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">7.4.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="lsa1 ws8e">Clock Aiding<span class="_ _3"> </span></span><span class="ls9">.....................................................................................................<span class="lsa">7-4</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y51 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">7.4.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="lsa2 ws8f">Altitude Aiding<span class="_ _4"></span></span><span class="ls9">..................................................................................................<span class="lsa">7-4</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y52 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">7.5<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="lsa3 ws90">Aiding to Maintain Satellite Track<span class="_ _6"></span></span><span class="ls9">...................................................................................<span class="lsa">7-4</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y54 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsa4 ws91">CHAPTER 8: POSSIBLE INTEGRATIONS OF GPS<span class="_ _9"></span><span class="ls9 ws3">................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.....................................<span class="lsa">8-1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y5c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">8.1<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ls1a">Introduction<span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls9">.....................................................................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">8-1</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y55 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">8.2<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="lsa5 ws92">Mission Requirements</span><span class="ls9">......................................................................................................<span class="lsa">8-2</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y56 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsb ws3">8.3<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="lsa6 ws93">Integration Architectures<span class="_ _3"> </span></span><span class="ls9">.................................................................................................<span class="lsa">8-3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y57 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">8.3.1<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="lsa7 ws94">GPS Stand-Alone/<span class="ls8e ws79">Baro/Clock Aided<span class="_ _c"></span></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="lsa">8-3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y58 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">8.3.2<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="lsa8 ws26">GPS/INS </span><span class="lsa9">Integrations<span class="_"> </span><span class="ls9">................................................................<span class="_ _1"></span>.......................<span class="lsa">8-4</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y59 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">8.3.3<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="lsaa ws95">GPS and Mission Computer/<span class="lsab ws96">Databus Emulator<span class="_ _4"></span></span></span><span class="ls9">................................................<span class="lsa">8-5</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y5a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lse ws3">8.3.4<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls25 ws19">GPS in a 1553 <span class="lsac ws97">Databus Configuration<span class="_ _8"> </span></span></span><span class="ls9">..............................................................<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">8-5</span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
