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<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6254970d47503a0a93b689f9/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">UNIX</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">TM</div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">TIME-SHARING SYSTEM:</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y3 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">UNIX PROGRAMMER’S MANUAL</div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y4 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Seventh Edition, Volume 1</div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y5 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">January, 1979</div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 y6 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5">Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y7 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6">Murray Hill, New Jersey</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
</body>
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<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6254970d47503a0a93b689f9/bg2.jpg"></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6254970d47503a0a93b689f9/bg3.jpg"><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y8 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">PREFACE</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y9 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws7">Although this Seventh Edition no longer bears their byline, Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie remain</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 ya ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws8">the fathers and preceptors of the<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="fs4 ws9">UNIX</span><span class="wsa">† time-sharing system. <span class="_ _1"> </span>Many of the improvements here described</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 yb ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsb">bear their mark. <span class="_ _1"> </span>Among many, <span class="_ _2"></span>many other people who have contributed to the further flowering of</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 yc ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsc">UNIX<span class="fs3 wsd">, we wish especially to acknowledge the contributions of A. V. Aho, S. R. Bourne, <span class="_ _2"></span>L. L. Cherry, <span class="_ _2"></span>G.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 yd ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wse">L. Chesson, S. I. Feldman, C. B. Haley, R. C. Haight, S. C. Johnson, M. E. Lesk, T. L. Lyon, L. E.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 ye ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsf">McMahon, R. Morris, R. Muha, D. A. Nowitz, L. Wehr, and P. J. Weinberger. <span class="_ _1"> </span>We appreciate also the</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 yf ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws10">effective advice and criticism of T. A. Dolotta, A. G. Fraser, J. F. Maranzano, <span class="_ _3"></span>and J. R. Mashey; <span class="_ _3"></span>and we</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y10 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">remember the important work of the late Joseph F. Ossanna.</div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y11 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws12">B. W. Kernighan</div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y12 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">M. D. McIlroy</div><div class="t m0 xa h8 y13 ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws13">__________________</div><div class="t m0 xa h8 y14 ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws14">†UNIX is a Trademark of Bell Laboratories.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6254970d47503a0a93b689f9/bg4.jpg"><div class="t m0 xc h7 y8 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws15">INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME 1</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y9 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws16">This volume gives descriptions of the publicly available features of the<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="fs4 ws17">UNIX</span><span class="ws18">† system. <span class="_ _1"> </span>It does not</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 ya ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws19">attempt to provide perspective or tutorial information upon the<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="fs4 ws1a">UNIX<span class="_ _1"> </span></span><span class="ws1b">operating system, its facilities, or its</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 yb ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1c">implementation. <span class="_ _1"> </span>Various documents on those topics are contained in Volume 2. <span class="_ _1"> </span>In particular, for an</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 yc ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1d">overview see ‘The<span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="fs4 ws1e">UNIX<span class="_ _4"> </span></span><span class="ws1f">Time-Sharing System’ by Ritchie and Thompson; for a tutorial see ‘<span class="fs4 ws20">UNIX<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>for</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 yd ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws21">Beginners’ by Kernighan.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y15 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws22">Within the area it surveys, this volume attempts to be timely, complete and concise. <span class="_ _1"> </span>Where the latter</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y16 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws23">two objectives <span class="_ _2"></span>conflict, the obvious <span class="_ _2"></span>is often left unsaid in favor of brevity. <span class="_"> </span>It is intended that each pro-</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y17 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws24">gram be described as it is, not as it should be. <span class="_ _1"> </span>Inevitably, this means that various sections will soon <span class="_ _2"></span>be</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y18 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">out of date.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y19 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1b">The volume is divided into eight sections:</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y1a ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws25">1. Commands</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y1b ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws25">2. System <span class="_ _8"></span>calls</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y1c ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws26">3. Subroutines</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y1d ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">4. Special <span class="_ _8"></span>files</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y1e ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">5. <span class="_ _9"> </span>File formats and conventions</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y1f ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">6. Games</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y20 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws29">7. <span class="_ _9"> </span>Macro packages and language conventions</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y21 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2a">8. Maintenance</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y22 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2b">Commands are programs intended to be invoked directly by the user, <span class="_ _2"></span>in contradistinction <span class="_ _2"></span>to subroutines,</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y23 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">which are intended to be called by the user’s programs. <span class="_ _1"> </span>Commands generally reside in directory<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">/bin</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y24 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">(for<span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="ff3">bin<span class="_ _5"> </span></span><span class="ws2d">ary programs). <span class="_ _1"> </span>Some programs also reside in<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3 ws2e">/ usr/ bin,<span class="_ _6"> </span></span><span class="ws2f">to save space in<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">/bin.<span class="_ _a"> </span></span><span class="ws30">These directories</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y25 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws21">are searched automatically by the command interpreter.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y26 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2d">System calls are entries into the<span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="fs4 ws31">UNIX<span class="_ _6"> </span></span><span class="wsf">supervisor. <span class="_ _1"> </span>Every system call has one or more C language inter-</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y27 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws32">faces described in section <span class="_ _2"></span>2. <span class="_ _1"> </span>The underlying assembly language interface, coded with opcode<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">sys,<span class="_ _b"> </span></span>a</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y28 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">synonym for<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">trap,<span class="_ _c"> </span></span><span class="ws33">is given as well.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y29 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws34">An assortment of subroutines is available; they are described in section 3. <span class="_ _d"> </span>The primary libraries in</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2a ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws35">which they are kept are described <span class="_ _3"></span>in<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">intro<span class="_ _e"></span></span><span class="ws36">(3). <span class="_ _d"> </span>The functions are described in terms of C, but most will</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2b ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">work with Fortran as well.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2c ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws37">The special files section <span class="_ _3"></span>4 discusses the characteristics of each system ‘file’ that actually refers to an I/O</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2d ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws10">device. <span class="_"> </span>The names in this section refer to the DEC device names for the hardware, instead <span class="_ _3"></span>of the names</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2e ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">of the special files themselves.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2f ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws19">The file formats and conventions section 5 documents the structure of particular kinds of files; for exam-</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y30 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws38">ple, the form <span class="_ _2"></span>of the output of the loader and assembler is given. <span class="_ _d"> </span>Excluded are files used by only one</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y31 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws12">command, for example the assembler’s intermediate files.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y32 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws39">Games have <span class="_ _3"></span>been relegated <span class="_ _3"></span>to section 6 to keep them from contaminating the more staid information of</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y33 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">section 1.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y34 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3a">Section 7 is a <span class="_ _3"></span>miscellaneous collection of information necessary to writing in various specialized</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y35 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6">languages: <span class="_"> </span>character codes, macro packages for typesetting, etc.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y6 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3b">The maintenance <span class="_ _3"></span>section 8 discusses <span class="_ _3"></span>procedures not intended for use by the ordinary user. <span class="_ _d"> </span>These pro-</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y7 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3c">cedures often involve use of commands of section 1, where an attempt has been made to single out</div><div class="t m0 xa h8 y36 ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3d">__________________</div><div class="t m0 xa h8 y37 ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws14">†UNIX is a Trademark of Bell Laboratories.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6254970d47503a0a93b689f9/bg5.jpg"><div class="t m0 xe h6 y38 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1b">- iii -</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y39 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws12">peculiarly maintenance-flavored commands by marking them 1M.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3a ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws10">Each section consists <span class="_ _3"></span>of a number of independent entries of a page or so each. <span class="_"> </span>The name of the entry is</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3b ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3e">in the upper corners of its pages, together with the section number, and sometimes a letter characteristic</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3c ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3f">of a subcategory, e.g. graphics is 1G, and the math library is <span class="_ _2"></span>3M. <span class="_"> </span>Entries within each <span class="_ _2"></span>section are alpha-</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3d ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws40">betized. <span class="_"> </span>The page numbers of each <span class="_ _2"></span>entry start at 1; it is infeasible to number consecutively the pages of</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3e ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws33">a document like this that is republished in many variant forms.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y3f ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">All entries are based on a common format, not all of whose subsections will always appear.</div><div class="t m0 xf h6 y40 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">The<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ff3">name<span class="_ _f"> </span></span><span class="ws1f">subsection lists the exact names of the commands and subroutines covered under the</span></div><div class="t m0 xf h6 y41 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">entry and gives a very short description of their purpose.</div><div class="t m0 xf h6 y42 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">The<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ff3">synopsis<span class="_ _c"> </span></span><span class="ws41">summarizes the use of the program being described. <span class="_ _d"> </span>A few conventions are used,</span></div><div class="t m0 xf h6 y43 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws33">particularly in the Commands subsection:</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 y2 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws33">Boldface<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff1 ws12">words are considered literals, and are typed just as they appear.</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h6 y44 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws42">Square brackets [ ] around an argument indicate that the argument is optional. <span class="_ _1"> </span>When <span class="_ _2"></span>an</div><div class="t m0 x10 h6 y45 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">argument is given as ‘name’, it always refers to a file name.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h6 y46 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws43">Ellipses ‘. <span class="_ _10"></span>. <span class="_ _10"></span>.’ are used to show that the previous argument-prototype may be repeated.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h6 y47 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws44">A final convention is used by the commands themselves. <span class="_ _d"> </span>An argument beginning with a</div><div class="t m0 x10 h6 y48 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws45">minus sign <span class="_ _2"></span>‘–<span class="_ _11"></span>’ is often taken to mean some sort of option-specifying argument even if it</div><div class="t m0 x10 h6 y1a ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws46">appears in a position where a file name could appear. <span class="_ _0"> </span>Therefore, it is unwise to have files</div><div class="t m0 x10 h6 y1b ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">whose names begin with ‘–<span class="_ _11"></span>’.</div><div class="t m0 xf h6 y49 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">The<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">description<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>subsection discusses in detail the subject at hand.</div><div class="t m0 xf h6 y4a ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">The<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">files<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>subsection gives the names of files which are built into the program.</div><div class="t m0 xf h6 y4b ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">A<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3 ws11">see also<span class="_"> </span></span>subsection gives pointers to related information.</div><div class="t m0 xf h6 y4c ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">A<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ff3">diagnostics<span class="_ _a"> </span></span><span class="ws47">subsection discusses the diagnostic indications which may be produced. <span class="_ _d"> </span>Messages</span></div><div class="t m0 xf h6 y4d ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws43">which are intended to be self-explanatory are not listed.</div><div class="t m0 xf h6 y22 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws43">The<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="ff3">bugs<span class="_ _12"> </span></span><span class="ws48">subsection gives known bugs and sometimes deficiencies. <span class="_ _1"> </span>Occasionally <span class="_ _2"></span>also the sug-</span></div><div class="t m0 xf h6 y23 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">gested fix is described.</div><div class="t m0 xf h6 y4e ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">In section 2 an<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff3">assembler<span class="_ _c"> </span></span><span class="ws29">subsection carries the assembly language system interface.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y4f ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1c">At the beginning of the volume is a table of contents, organized by <span class="_ _2"></span>section and alphabetically within</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y50 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws49">each section. <span class="_ _d"> </span>There is also a permuted index derived from the table <span class="_ _3"></span>of contents. <span class="_ _d"> </span>Within each index</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y51 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4a">entry, the title of the writeup to which it refers is followed by the appropriate section number in</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y52 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4b">parentheses. <span class="_ _1"> </span>This fact is important because there is considerable name duplication among the sections,</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y29 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">arising principally from commands which exist only to exercise a particular system call.</div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y2b ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws40">HOW TO GET STARTED</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2c ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2b">This section sketches the basic information you need to get started on <span class="_ _2"></span>.ie 1>0<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="fs4 ws4c">UNIX<span class="_ _6"> </span></span><span class="ws30">: <span class="_"> </span>how to log in and</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2d ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4d">log out, how to communicate through your terminal, and how to run a <span class="_ _3"></span>program. <span class="_ _d"> </span>See ‘<span class="fs4 ws4e">UNIX<span class="_ _f"> </span></span>for</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2e ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4f">Beginners’ in Volume 2 for a more complete introduction to the system.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y2f ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws39">Logging in.<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="ff1 ws50">You must call<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="fs4 ws40">UNIX<span class="_ _6"> </span></span><span class="ws3">from an appropriate terminal.<span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="fs4 ws51">UNIX<span class="_ _6"> </span></span><span class="ws39">terminals are typified by the TTY</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y30 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws52">43, the GE Terminet 300, the DASI 300S and 450, and most video terminals such as the Datamedia</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y31 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws53">5120 or HP 2640. <span class="_ _1"> </span>You must also have a valid user name, which may be obtained, together <span class="_ _2"></span>with the</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y53 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws54">telephone number, from <span class="_ _2"></span>the system administrators. <span class="_"> </span>The same telephone number serves terminals operat-</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y54 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws55">ing at all the standard speeds. <span class="_ _d"> </span>After a data connection is established, the login procedure depends <span class="_ _2"></span>on</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y55 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">what kind of terminal you are using.</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y56 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws23">300-baud terminals:<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="ff1 ws36">Such terminals include <span class="_ _3"></span>the GE Terminet 300 and most display terminals run with</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y57 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws56">popular modems. <span class="_ _1"> </span>These terminals <span class="_ _2"></span>generally have a speed switch which should be set at ‘300’ (or ‘30’</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y58 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws57">for 30 characters per second) and a half/full duplex switch which should be set at full-duplex. <span class="_ _1"> </span>(This</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y59 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3f">switch will often have to be changed since many other systems <span class="_ _3"></span>require half-duplex). <span class="_ _d"> </span>When a connection</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y5a ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws36">is established, the system types ‘login:’; you type your user name, followed by the ‘return’ key. <span class="_ _1"> </span>If you</div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y5b ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4f">have a password, <span class="_ _2"></span>the system asks for <span class="_ _2"></span>it and turns off the printer on the terminal so the password will not</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
