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<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/628065149b6e2b6d558821f5/bg1.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">第<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _0"> </span></span>章 <span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _1"> </span></span>函数</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y3 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">函数，即<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">，是<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">的缩写。说得简单，<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">函数就是用</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y4 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">所提供的模型不能完全满足用户，而提供给用户自己编写程序来满足自己要求</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y5 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">模型的接口。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y6 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">可以使用<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _4"></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">，<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">，<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">，<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _4"></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">，或<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">语言来编写。使用</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y7 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">实用工具，将<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">，<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">，<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">，和<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">语言的<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">编译成<span class="_ _2"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y8 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">文件，在需要的时候，它们可与其它的<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>文件一起动态地连接到<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _3"> </span></span>中。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y9 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">函数由一种特定的语法构成，用来描述并实现连续系统、离散系统以及复合系统等动</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 ya ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">态系统；<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>函数能够接受来自<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>求解器的相关信息，并对求解器发出的命令作</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 yb ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">出适当的响应，这种交互作用非常类似于<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>系统模块与求解器的交互作用。一</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 yc ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">个结构体系完整的<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>函数包含了描述动态系统所需的全部能力，所有其他的使用情况都</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 yd ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">是这个结构体系的特例。往往<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>函数模块是整个<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>动态系统的核心。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 ye ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">函数作为与其他语言相结合的接口，可以使用这个语言所提供的强大能力。例</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 yf ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">如，<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>语言编写的<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>函数可以充分利用<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _4"></span><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>所提供的丰富资源，方便地调</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y10 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">用各种工具箱函数和图形函数；使用<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>语言编写的<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>函数可以实现对操作系统的访问，</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y11 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">如实现与其它进程的通信和同步等。</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[0.999902,0.000000,0.000000,0.999902,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/628065149b6e2b6d558821f5/bg2.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y12 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ff1">基本概念</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y13 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y14 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">理解下列与<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>函数相关的一些基本概念对于用户理解<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>函数的概念与编写都是</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y15 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">非常有益的；而且这些概念在其它的仿真语言中也是会经常遇到的。</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y16 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y17 ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">仿真例程<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>!"#</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y18 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y19 ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">在仿真的特定阶段调用对应的<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">函数功能模块<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>!<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">函数<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>#<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">，来完成不同</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1a ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">的任务，如初始化、计算输出、更新离散状态、计算导数、结束仿真等，这些功</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1b ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">能模块<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2">!<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>函数<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2">#<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>称为仿真例程或者回调函数<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2">!<span class="_ _4"></span> $ #<span class="_ _3"> </span></span>。</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y1c ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1d ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">% <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">直接馈通<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>!& '('#</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y1e ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1f ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">直接馈通意味着输出或可变采样时间与输入直接相关。在如下的两种情况下需要</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y20 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">直接馈通：</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y21 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y22 ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">!#<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">某一时刻的系统输出<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">中包含某一时刻的系统输入<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">。</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y23 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y24 ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">!%#<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">系统是一个变采样时间系统<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>!)<span class="_ _4"></span>$ *  #<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">且采样时间</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y25 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">计算与输入<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>相关。</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y26 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y27 ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _4"></span>+!*,,)#-</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y28 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y29 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">其中<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>表示第<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>个采样点。</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y2a ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y2b ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">在每一个采样点上调用<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>.*<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">和<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>/*<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">例程。对于连续</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y2c ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">时间系统采样时间和偏移量的值应该设置为零。采样时间还可以继承自驱动模块、</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y2d ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">目标模块或者系统最小采样时间，这种情况下采样时间值应该设置为<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>，或者</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y2e ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">012"0&,3,0<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">。</span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[0.999902,0.000000,0.000000,0.999902,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/628065149b6e2b6d558821f5/bg3.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y2f ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y30 ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">4 <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">动态输入<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>!&<span class="_ _4"></span> 5 *#</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y31 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y32 ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">函数支持动态可变维数的输入。<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">函数的输入变量<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">的维数决定于驱动<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">函</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y33 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">数模块的输入信号的维数。 </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[0.999902,0.000000,0.000000,0.999902,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/628065149b6e2b6d558821f5/bg4.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y12 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">% <span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ff1">工作原理</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y34 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y35 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">在对动态系统建模时，总是能够采用广义的状态空间形式对无论是线性系统还是</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y36 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">非线性系统进行描述。这个描述包含两个方程，即状态方程与输出方程。</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y37 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y38 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">状态方程描述了状态变量的一阶导数与状态变量、输入量之间的关系。<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>阶系统</div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y39 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">具有<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>个独立的状态变量，系统状态方程则是<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>个<span class="ff4">联</span>立的一阶<span class="ff4">微</span>分方程或者<span class="ff4">差</span>分</div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y3a ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">方程。对于一个系统，由于所<span class="ff4">选择</span>的状态变量不同，会导出不同的状态方程，<span class="ff4">因</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y3b ff4 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">此<span class="ff1">状态方程的形式不是</span>唯<span class="ff1">一的。输出方程描述了输出与状态变量、输入量之间的</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y3c ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">关系。输出量<span class="ff4">根据</span>任务的需要<span class="ff4">确</span>定。</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[0.999902,0.000000,0.000000,0.999902,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/628065149b6e2b6d558821f5/bg5.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y12 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4 ) <span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ff1">文件型</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y3d ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y3e ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">用<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>语言编写的<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>函数称为<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>文件的<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>函数，<span class="ff4">根据<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2">30<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>版</span>本不同，分为</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y3f ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">) <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">文件型<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">函数和<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>)% <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">文件型<span class="_ _2"> </span></span><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1">函数。</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y40 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y36 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">本<span class="ff4">节</span>将通<span class="ff4">过<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2">) <span class="_ _2"> </span></span></span>文件型<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>函数的概述、编写方法以及大量的实例来<span class="ff4">介绍</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y41 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">该类型的<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2"><span class="_ _2"> </span></span>函数，以满足用户不同的需求。</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[0.999902,0.000000,0.000000,0.999902,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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