Fortran快速入门.rar_Fortran_其他下载-pudn.com

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="generator" content="pdf2htmlEX"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/base.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/fancy.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6253e5526caf596192b4371f/raw.css"> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/compatibility.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/pdf2htmlEX.min.js"></script> <script> try{ pdf2htmlEX.defaultViewer = new pdf2htmlEX.Viewer({}); }catch(e){} </script> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="sidebar" style="display: none"> <div id="outline"> </div> </div> <div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6253e5526caf596192b4371f/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">前言<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y4 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">本文是在闲暇之余写就，目的是让读者能够快速学会及运用<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>这门编</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y5 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">程语言，<span class="_ _1"></span>并且要求内容能够尽量<span class="_ _1"></span>“少”<span class="_ _2"></span>，<span class="_ _1"></span>起到一个短时培训的效果，<span class="_ _1"></span>写的很粗糙，</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y6 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">但希望对<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="_"> </span></span>初学者有所帮助。<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y7 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">有时，<span class="_ _4"></span>我们需要用编程来解决我们的问题，<span class="_ _4"></span>比如用编程来操作大量数据进行</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y8 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">统计及分析，<span class="_ _4"></span>再比如需要用编程来处理重复量很大的工作，<span class="_ _4"></span>但自己又没有编程经</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y9 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">验，希望能够尽快地学会编程应用，这时不妨看看此文。<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 ya ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">本文对<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="_ _5"> </span></span>的概念、<span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="_ _5"> </span></span>语言基本知识点及编译器的使用做了介绍，<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 yb ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">并附录了一些可供初学者学习与练习的<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>代码，通过这些代码的练习，学</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 yc ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">者应该就能具有初步掌握并运用<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="_"> </span></span>编程的能力。<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 yd ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> <span class="ff2 ls0">真正完全系统地掌握<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran</span>，<span class="_ _6"></span>还需要对书籍进行认真全面地学习，<span class="_ _6"></span>此文只</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 ye ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">起到揠苗助长的功效，<span class="_ _7"></span>应一时之需，<span class="_ _7"></span>读者应谨记此点。<span class="_ _7"></span>不过，<span class="_ _7"></span>先初步学会<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 yf ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">编程，<span class="_ _8"></span>然后再边用边学，<span class="_ _8"></span>边学边用，<span class="_ _8"></span>闲暇时看看书，<span class="_ _8"></span>充充电，<span class="_ _8"></span>也是一个很实用的</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y10 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">学习方法。<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y11 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws0">本文<span class="ls0">主<span class="_ _9"> </span>要<span class="_ _9"> </span>参<span class="_ _9"> </span>考<span class="_ _9"> </span>了<span class="_ _9"> </span>彭<span class="_ _9"> </span>国<span class="_ _9"> </span>伦<span class="_ _9"> </span>老<span class="_ _9"> </span>师<span class="_ _9"> </span>编<span class="_ _9"> </span>写<span class="_ _9"> </span>的<span class="_ _9"> </span>《<span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="ls3">95<span class="_ _a"> </span></span></span></span>程序<span class="ls0">设<span class="_ _9"> </span>计<span class="_ _9"> </span>》<span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="ls4">和论坛</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y12 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">http://bbs.fcode.cn<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">中的一些帖子。</span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y13 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">由于本人对<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>的学习也很浅显，文章写得不足之处多多，欢迎大家一</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y14 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">起完善此文，或者提出修改建议，联系方式<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">757604264@qq.com</span>。<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y15 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h6 y16 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> <span class="ff2 sc1 ls5">作者<span class="ls0">：</span>渡箭</span><span class="ff3 ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y17 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y18 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y19 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1a ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1b ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1c ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1d ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1e ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1f ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y20 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y21 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y22 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y23 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611792,0.000000,0.000000,1.611792,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> </body> </html>

<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6253e5526caf596192b4371f/bg2.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y24 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc1 ls5 ws0">目录<span class="ff3 sc0 ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y25 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">目录<span class="ff1">................................................................................................................................ <span class="_ _4"></span>2<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y26 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 ls3">介绍</span> <span class="_ _4"></span>................................................................................................................... <span class="_ _b"></span>1<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y27 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _c"> </span></span>Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">初步介绍</span> <span class="_ _4"></span>............................................................................................. <span class="_ _4"></span>1<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y28 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.1<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span>Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 ls3">是什<span class="ls0">么</span></span> <span class="_ _4"></span>................................................................................... <span class="_ _b"></span>1<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y29 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.2<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span><span class="ff2">为何学习<span class="_ _3"> </span></span>Fortran <span class="_ _4"></span>............................................................................... <span class="_ _4"></span>2<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y2a ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.3<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span><span class="ff2">如何学习<span class="_ _3"> </span></span>Fortran <span class="_ _4"></span>............................................................................... <span class="_ _4"></span>2<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y2b ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.4<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span><span class="ff2">初步掌握<span class="_ _3"> </span></span>Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">需要多长时间</span> <span class="_ _4"></span>...................................................... <span class="_ _4"></span>3<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y2c ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _c"> </span></span>Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">基本知识点介绍</span> <span class="_ _4"></span>................................................................................. <span class="_ _4"></span>3<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y2d ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.1<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span><span class="ff2">编译器的操作</span>.................................................................................... <span class="_ _4"></span>3<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y2e ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.2<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span>Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">书面格式</span> <span class="_ _4"></span>............................................................................... <span class="_ _4"></span>6<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y2f ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.3<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span><span class="ff2">数据类型</span>............................................................................................ <span class="_ _4"></span>7<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y30 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.4<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span><span class="ff2">数组、自定义数据类型</span>.................................................................... <span class="_ _4"></span>8<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y31 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.5<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span><span class="ff2">流程控制</span>.......................................................................................... <span class="_ _4"></span>10<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y32 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.5.1<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _8"></span><span class="ff1 fs2 ls6">If<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 ls0">语句<span class="ff1"> <span class="_ _6"></span>......................................................................................... <span class="_ _4"></span>10<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y33 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.5.2<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _8"></span><span class="ff1 fs2">Select case<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">语句</span> <span class="_ _6"></span>.......................................................................... <span class="_ _7"></span><span class="ls7">11<span class="_ _e"></span><span class="ff4 fs3 ls0"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y34 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.5.3<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _8"></span><span class="ff1 fs2">Pause<span class="ff2">、</span>continue<span class="ff2">、</span>stop<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">语句</span> <span class="_ _8"></span>................................<span class="_ _f"></span>...................... <span class="_ _4"></span>12<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y35 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.5.4<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ff2">循环语句</span> <span class="_ _7"></span>.................................................................................... <span class="_ _4"></span>12<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y36 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.6<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span><span class="ff2">内置函数、自定义函数、子程序</span>.................................................. <span class="_ _4"></span>15<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y37 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.7<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span><span class="ff2">文件操作</span>.......................................................................................... <span class="_ _4"></span>17<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y38 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.7.1<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">文件读写</span>..................................................................................... <span class="_ _4"></span>17<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y39 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.7.2 <span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">内部文件读写</span>............................................................................ <span class="_ _4"></span>18<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y3a ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.8<span class="ff4 fs3"> <span class="_ _d"> </span></span>Module <span class="_ _10"></span>............................................................................................. <span class="_ _4"></span>19<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y3b ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">附录<span class="ff1">.............................................................................................................................. <span class="_ _4"></span>22<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y3c ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Example 1 <span class="_ _6"></span>............................................................................................ <span class="_ _4"></span>22<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y3d ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Example 2 <span class="_ _6"></span>............................................................................................ <span class="_ _4"></span>22<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y3e ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Example 3 <span class="_ _6"></span>............................................................................................ <span class="_ _4"></span>22<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y3f ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Example 4 <span class="_ _6"></span>............................................................................................ <span class="_ _4"></span>22<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y40 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Example 5 <span class="_ _6"></span>............................................................................................ <span class="_ _4"></span>22<span class="ff4 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y41 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _11"> </span> </div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611792,0.000000,0.000000,1.611792,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6253e5526caf596192b4371f/bg3.jpg"><div class="t m0 x7 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y42 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1 ls5">介绍</span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h8 y43 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1<span class="ff5"> <span class="_ _12"> </span></span>Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1 ls5">初步介绍</span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h9 y44 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.1<span class="ff5"> <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ff3">Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1 ls5">是什么<span class="_ _f"></span></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y45 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">是一门计算机高级语言，<span class="_ _10"></span>是<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">Formula <span class="_ _6"></span>T<span class="_ _6"></span>ranslation<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">的简称。<span class="_ _8"></span>就像人的语</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y46 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">言分为汉语、<span class="_ _10"></span>英语、<span class="_ _8"></span><span class="ls5">日语<span class="ls0">和手语等，<span class="_ _10"></span>人们通过这些语言来实现互相交流，<span class="_ _10"></span>为了实</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y47 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">现人和计算机的交流，<span class="_ _7"></span>人类创造了计算机语言。<span class="_ _10"></span>计算机语言分为低级语言<span class="_ _7"></span>（机器</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y48 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">语言、<span class="_ _10"></span>汇编语言）<span class="_ _8"></span>和高级语言，<span class="_ _10"></span>其中低级语言在字面上看起来很不直观，<span class="_ _10"></span>使用起</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y49 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">来很辛苦，如图<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="ff1">1-1</span>，高级语言是以人类的日常语言为基础的一种编程语言，使</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y4a ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">用一般人易于接受的文字来表示，<span class="_ _7"></span>从而使编写更容易，<span class="_ _10"></span>亦有较高的可读性，<span class="_ _7"></span>以方</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y4b ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">便对电脑认知较浅的人亦可以大概明白其内容。<span class="_ _4"></span>就像汉语有很多方言，<span class="_ _4"></span>高级语言</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y4c ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">也有很多种，如<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="_"> </span></span>语言、<span class="ff1">C<span class="_"> </span></span>语言、<span class="ff1">Basic<span class="_"> </span></span>语言和<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">P<span class="ls8">ascal<span class="_"> </span></span></span>语言等。<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4d ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">高级语言的使用需要编译器。<span class="_ _14"></span>我们的目的是命令机器进行一些有目标的操作，</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y4e ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">但机器只能识别由<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">0<span class="_"> </span></span>和<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">1<span class="_"> </span></span>组成的二进制机器语言，<span class="_ _4"></span>无法识别高级语言，<span class="_ _4"></span>我们需要</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y4f ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">通过编译器把高级语言翻译成机器语言，如图<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="ff1">1-2</span>，编译器就是一个翻译器，像</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y50 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws0">有道<span class="ls0">、百<span class="_ _f"></span>度<span class="_ _f"></span>翻<span class="_ _f"></span>译<span class="_ _f"></span>和<span class="_ _f"></span>谷歌<span class="_ _f"></span>翻<span class="_ _f"></span>译<span class="_ _f"></span></span>一样<span class="ls0">，能<span class="_ _f"></span>够<span class="_ _f"></span>把<span class="_ _f"></span>一<span class="_ _f"></span>种语<span class="_ _f"></span>言<span class="_ _f"></span>翻<span class="_ _f"></span>译<span class="_ _f"></span>成另<span class="_ _f"></span>一<span class="_ _f"></span>种<span class="_ _f"></span>语<span class="_ _f"></span>言。<span class="_ _e"></span><span class="lsa">常见</span>的</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y51 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">编译器有：</span><span class="lsb">CVF</span><span class="ff2">、</span>IVF<span class="ff2">、</span>GFortran<span class="ff2">、</span>Simply Fortran<span class="ff2">、</span>Ftn95<span class="ff2">。</span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h4 y52 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xa ha y53 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">图<span class="_ _15"> </span><span class="ff3 sc0">1-<span class="lsc">1 <span class="_"> </span></span></span><span class="ls5">机器</span>语言与高级语言对比图<span class="ff3 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h6 y54 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h6 y55 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">图<span class="_ _15"> </span><span class="ff3 sc0">1-2 <span class="_"> </span></span>编译器的作用<span class="_ _f"></span>示意图<span class="ff3 fs2 sc0"> </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611792,0.000000,0.000000,1.611792,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6253e5526caf596192b4371f/bg4.jpg"><div class="t m0 x7 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h9 y56 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.2<span class="ff5"> <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ff2 sc1 ls5">为何学习<span class="_ _16"> </span><span class="ff3 sc0 ls0">Fortran </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y57 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">首先回答为何选择编程。<span class="_ _4"></span>有时候我们需要处理大量的数据，<span class="_ _4"></span>处理过程又很繁</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y58 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">琐，<span class="_ _7"></span>如我做过一个水流试验，<span class="_ _10"></span>试验有<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">30<span class="_"> </span></span>几个工况，<span class="_ _7"></span>每个工况有<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">10<span class="_"> </span></span>个左右的测量</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y59 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">断面，<span class="_ _7"></span>每个断面<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">5<span class="_"> </span></span>个以上的测量垂线，<span class="_ _10"></span>每条垂线<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">7<span class="_"> </span></span>个左右的测点，<span class="_ _7"></span>每个测点采集</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y5a ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">10000<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">个数据并形成一个数据文件，试验总文件数有<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>1<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff2">万多个，如果采用<span class="_ _0"> </span></span>Excel</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y5b ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">进行数据统计与分析显然不现实，<span class="_ _7"></span>这时候如果写点代码，<span class="_ _10"></span>编个程序，<span class="_ _7"></span>就能快速方</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y5c ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">便得完成数据统计和分析。再如，计算一个高阶矩阵的行列式，比如<span class="_ _16"> </span><span class="ff1">15<span class="_ _16"> </span></span>阶，如</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y5d ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">果采用手算工作量是很大的，但是借助编程，只需要几行代码，如图<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">2-1</span>。<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y5e ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">因此需要编程来简化操作步骤，减少工作量，方便得实现我们的目标。<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y5f ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">再来回答为何选择<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="_"> </span></span>这门编程语言。<span class="_ _17"></span>简单，<span class="_ _17"></span>相比<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">C++</span>而言更易于掌握；</div><div class="t m0 x2 h5 y60 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">接近自然的数学语言；<span class="_ _10"></span>矩阵运算功能强大，<span class="_ _8"></span>自有复数运算；<span class="_ _10"></span>语法严格，<span class="_ _10"></span>适合严谨</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y61 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">的科学计算；编译型语言，执行效率高；并行计算的最佳选择。<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y62 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">最直接的回答是<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="_"> </span></span>简单。<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h4 y63 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xe ha y64 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">图<span class="_ _15"> </span><span class="ff3 sc0">2-1 Fortran<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ls5">语言</span>代码实例<span class="ff1 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h9 y65 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.3<span class="ff5"> <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ff2 sc1 ls5">如何学习<span class="_ _16"> </span><span class="ff3 sc0 ls0">Fortran </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y66 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">对初学者来说，<span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="_ _18"> </span></span>学习的参考书可用彭国伦编写的《<span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="ls3">95<span class="_ _18"> </span></span></span>程序设</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y67 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">计》<span class="_ _2"></span>，<span class="_ _6"></span>进一步学习可参考<span class="_ _6"></span>《<span class="ff1">Modern <span class="_ _6"></span>Fortran <span class="_ _8"></span>Explained<span class="ff2 lsd">》。<span class="_ _19"> </span></span>Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">学习最重要的是写</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y68 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">代码，只有多写才能掌握<span class="_ _16"> </span><span class="ff1">Fortran<span class="_ _18"> </span></span>的语法结构，只有多写才能熟悉编程的建模过</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y69 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">程。<span class="ff1"> </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611792,0.000000,0.000000,1.611792,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6253e5526caf596192b4371f/bg5.jpg"><div class="t m0 x7 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xf h4 y6a ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xe ha y6b ff2 fs3 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">图<span class="_ _15"> </span><span class="ff3 sc0">3-1 Fortran<span class="_"> </span></span>语言学习之路<span class="_ _f"></span><span class="ff1 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h9 y6c ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.4<span class="ff5"> <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ff2 sc1 ls5">初步掌握<span class="_ _16"> </span><span class="ff3 sc0 ls0">Fortran<span class="_"> </span></span>需要多<span class="ls0">长时<span class="_ _f"></span>间<span class="ff3 sc0"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y6d ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 ls3">学习<span class="ls0">比较简单，</span></span>3<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">天足够初步掌握，<span class="_ _6"></span>如果有编程基础的话，<span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ff1">1<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">天内就</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y6e ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">能初步掌握。<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h8 y6f ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2<span class="ff5"> <span class="_ _13"> </span></span>Fortran<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1 ls5">基本知识点介绍</span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h9 y70 ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.1<span class="ff5"> <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ff2 sc1 ls5">编译器的操作<span class="ff3 sc0 ls0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y71 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">这里介绍<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff1 lsb">VS<span class="_"> </span></span>创建工程及添加代码的过程及运行程序的详细步骤。<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y72 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">（<span class="ff1">1</span>）<span class="ff1 lsb">VS<span class="_"> </span></span>创建工程，添加代码<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y73 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">首先打开<span class="ff1"> <span class="_"> </span><span class="lsb">VS</span></span>，<span class="_ _6"></span>选择文件<span class="_ _8"></span>（<span class="ff1">File</span>）<span class="_ _2"></span>，<span class="_ _6"></span>新建<span class="_ _6"></span>（<span class="ff1">New</span>）<span class="_ _2"></span>，<span class="_ _8"></span>项目<span class="_ _6"></span>（<span class="ff1">Project</span>）<span class="_ _6"></span>菜单，<span class="_ _8"></span>选择</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y74 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">你希望创建的<span class="ff1"> <span class="_"> </span>Intel V<span class="_ _8"></span>isual Fortran <span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2">的工程类型（一般是</span> <span class="_"> </span>console<span class="ff2 lse">）。<span class="_"> </span></span>Empty Project </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y75 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">和<span class="ff1"> <span class="_"> </span>Main <span class="_ _1a"></span>Program <span class="_ _1b"></span>Code <span class="_"> </span></span>没有<span class="_ _f"></span>太大的<span class="_ _f"></span>差别，<span class="_ _f"></span>只是后<span class="_ _f"></span>者会由工<span class="_ _f"></span>程向<span class="_ _f"></span>导<span class="_ _f"></span>为你生<span class="_ _f"></span>成简单</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y76 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">的主程序，详情见图<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="ff1">5-1</span>。注意选择工程存放的文件夹，下次你打开工程，需要</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y77 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">到这个文件夹去寻找它哦！<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y78 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws0">创建工程后，会自动创建一个同名的解决方案并打开它。我们需要通过<span class="ff6 ls0">“<span class="ff2">解</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y79 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">决方案资源管理器<span class="ff6">(Solution <span class="_ _1b"> </span>Explorer)”</span>来查看它。如果你的<span class="_ _19"> </span><span class="ff1 lsb">VS<span class="_ _1c"> </span></span>界面上没有显示</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y7a ff6 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">“<span class="ff2">解决方案资源管理器</span>”<span class="ff2">，<span class="_ _1d"></span>你需要到查看<span class="_ _1d"></span>（<span class="ff1">view</span>）<span class="_ _1d"></span>菜单下找到它，<span class="_ _1d"></span>并让它显示出来。</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y7b ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">有时候，它可能被隐藏在四周的角落里，仔细找找它吧。<span class="ff1"> </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611792,0.000000,0.000000,1.611792,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>