inverter7.rar_npc_matlab_matlab例程_数值算法/人工智能下载-pudn.com

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="generator" content="pdf2htmlEX"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/base.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/fancy.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/624fe26674bc5c01055509dd/raw.css"> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/compatibility.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/pdf2htmlEX.min.js"></script> <script> try{ pdf2htmlEX.defaultViewer = new pdf2htmlEX.Viewer({}); }catch(e){} </script> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="sidebar" style="display: none"> <div id="outline"> </div> </div> <div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/624fe26674bc5c01055509dd/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">0885-8993 (c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc3 sc0">This articl</span>e has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information<span class="fc3 sc0">: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2897061, IEEE</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Transactions on Power Electronics</div><div class="c x0 y4 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y5 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1 </div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y6 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y7 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A Novel Se<span class="_ _0"></span>ven-Level Active<span class="_ _0"></span> Neutral Point<span class="_ _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y8 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Clamped C<span class="_ _0"></span>onverter w<span class="_ _0"></span>ith Reduced Activ<span class="_ _0"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 x7 h5 y9 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Switching Device<span class="_ _0"></span>s and DC-link<span class="_ _0"></span> Voltage<span class="_ _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 ya ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yb ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Yam P. Siwakoti, <span class="ff5">Memb<span class="_ _0"></span>er</span><span class="ls1">, <span class="ff5 ls2">IEEE</span></span>, Akshay Ma<span class="_ _0"></span>hajan, <span class="ff5">Member</span><span class="ls1">, <span class="ff5 ls2">IEEE,</span></span> Dan Rogers<span class="ls1">, </span><span class="ff5">Memb<span class="_ _0"></span>er, IEE<span class="_ _0"></span>E, <span class="_ _0"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 yc ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Frede Blaabj<span class="_ _0"></span>erg<span class="ls1">, </span><span class="ff5">Fellow, IEEE </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 yd ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 ye ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 yf ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y10 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Author Contact<span class="_ _0"></span> Information:<span class="_ _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 y11 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> <span class="ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h9 y12 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">1)<span class="ff7 ls0"> <span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff6">Dr. Yam Siwa<span class="_ _0"></span>koti (<span class="ff8">Correspo<span class="_ _0"></span>nding Author</span>)<span class="_ _0"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y13 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mailing Address: Facult<span class="_ _0"></span>y of Engineering and I<span class="_ _0"></span>nformation Technology, U<span class="_ _0"></span>niversity of Tec<span class="_ _0"></span>hnology Sydney, </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y14 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">AUSTRALIA. </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y15 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">E-mail: <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="fc1">yam.siwakoti@uts.edu.au<span class="_ _0"></span></span> <span class="_"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xc ha y16 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h9 y17 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">2)<span class="ff7 ls0"> <span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff6">Mr. Akshay M<span class="_ _0"></span>ahajan </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y18 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mailing Address: Depart<span class="_ _0"></span>ment of Power Electronics, <span class="_ _0"></span>Fraunhofer Institute for So<span class="_ _0"></span>lar Energy S<span class="_ _0"></span>ystems (ISE), </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y19 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Frieburg, GERMANY.<span class="_ _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y1a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">E-mail: <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="fc1">akshay.mahajan@ise.fra<span class="_ _0"></span>unhofer.d<span class="_ _0"></span>e<span class="fc2"> </span></span> </div><div class="t m0 xc ha y1b ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h9 y1c ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">3)<span class="ff7 ls0"> <span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff6">Dr. Dan Roger<span class="_ _0"></span>s </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y1d ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mailing Address: Depart<span class="_ _0"></span>ment of Engineering Scie<span class="_ _0"></span>nce, Universit<span class="_ _0"></span>y of Oxford, Oxford, UNITED <span class="_ _0"></span>KINGDOM.<span class="_ _3"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y1e ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">E-mail: <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="fc1">dan.rogers@eng.ox.ac.u<span class="_ _0"></span>k</span> <span class="_ _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xc ha y1f ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h9 y20 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">4)<span class="ff7 ls0"> <span class="_ _1"> </span><span class="ff6">Dr. Frede Blaa<span class="_ _0"></span>bjerg </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y21 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mailing Address: Depart<span class="_ _0"></span>ment of Energy T<span class="_ _0"></span>echnology, Aalborg Univers<span class="_ _0"></span>ity, Aalborg, DENM<span class="_ _0"></span>ARK<span class="_ _0"></span>.<span class="_ _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y22 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">E-mail: <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="fc1">fbl@et.aau.dk</span><span class="ff3 fs2"> <span class="_ _0"></span></span> </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y23 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y24 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y25 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 hb y26 ff8 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Abstract<span class="ff9">—<span class="ff2 fs5"> <span class="_ _4"></span>This <span class="_ _3"></span>paper <span class="_ _4"></span>presents <span class="_ _3"></span>a <span class="_ _4"></span>novel <span class="_ _3"></span>seven-le<span class="_ _0"></span>vel <span class="_ _4"></span>invert<span class="_ _0"></span>er <span class="_ _3"></span>topology <span class="_ _3"></span>for <span class="_ _4"></span>medium-volta<span class="_ _0"></span>ge <span class="_ _3"></span>high-power <span class="_ _3"></span>applications. <span class="_ _3"></span>It </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y27 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">consists <span class="_ _5"></span>of eight <span class="_ _6"></span>active switches <span class="_ _6"></span>and two <span class="_ _6"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>nner f<span class="_ _5"></span>lying<span class="_ _0"></span>-capacitor<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _6"></span>units forming <span class="_ _6"></span>a<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _5"></span>similar structure <span class="_ _6"></span>as in <span class="_ _5"></span>a <span class="_ _5"></span>conventio<span class="_ _0"></span>nal A<span class="_ _5"></span>ctive </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y28 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Neutral Po<span class="_ _0"></span>int Cla<span class="_ _0"></span>mped (ANPC) <span class="_ _0"></span>inverter. <span class="_ _0"></span>This <span class="_ _0"></span>unique <span class="_ _0"></span>arrangement <span class="_ _4"></span>reduce<span class="_ _0"></span>s the <span class="_ _0"></span>number <span class="_ _0"></span>of <span class="_ _0"></span>active a<span class="_ _0"></span>nd p<span class="_ _0"></span>assive co<span class="_ _0"></span>mponents<span class="_ _0"></span>. </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y29 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="_ _0"></span>simple <span class="_ _4"></span>modulation <span class="_ _0"></span>tec<span class="_ _0"></span>hnique <span class="_ _0"></span>r<span class="_ _0"></span>educes <span class="_ _0"></span>cost <span class="_ _4"></span>and <span class="_ _0"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>mplexity <span class="_ _0"></span>in <span class="_ _0"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>ntrol <span class="_ _0"></span>s<span class="_ _0"></span>ystem <span class="_ _0"></span>design <span class="_ _4"></span>without <span class="_ _0"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>mpromising <span class="_ _0"></span>rea<span class="_ _0"></span>ctive </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">power <span class="_ _7"> </span>capability. <span class="_ _7"> </span>In <span class="_ _7"> </span>addition, <span class="_ _7"> </span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>mpared <span class="_ _7"> </span>to <span class="_ _7"> </span>major <span class="_ _7"> </span>conventional <span class="_ _7"> </span>7-level <span class="_ _7"> </span>inverter <span class="_ _7"> </span>topolo<span class="_ _0"></span>gies <span class="_ _7"> </span>such <span class="_ _7"> </span>as <span class="_ _7"> </span>the <span class="_ _7"> </span>Neutral <span class="_ _7"> </span>Point </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2b ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Clamped (NPC), <span class="_ _5"></span>Flying Capacitor (FC), <span class="_ _6"></span>Cascad<span class="_ _0"></span>ed H-bridge (CHB) an<span class="_ _5"></span>d Active <span class="_ _6"></span>NP<span class="_ _0"></span>C (ANPC) topologies, <span class="_ _6"></span>the new <span class="_ _5"></span>topolog<span class="_ _0"></span>y </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2c ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">reduces <span class="_ _5"></span>the dc-link <span class="_ _6"></span>voltage<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _5"></span>requirement by <span class="_ _6"></span>50<span class="_ _0"></span>%<span class="ls1">. <span class="_ _5"></span><span class="ls0">This recued dc-link <span class="_ _6"></span>voltage makes <span class="_ _5"></span>the new <span class="_ _6"></span>top<span class="_ _0"></span>ology <span class="_ _5"></span>appealing for <span class="_ _5"></span>various </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2d ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">industrial <span class="_ _3"></span>applicatio<span class="_ _0"></span>ns. <span class="_ _3"></span>Experimental <span class="_ _8"></span>results <span class="_ _3"></span>from <span class="_ _3"></span>a <span class="_ _8"></span>2<span class="_ _0"></span>.2 <span class="_ _3"></span>kVA <span class="_ _3"></span>p<span class="_ _0"></span>rototype <span class="_ _3"></span>are <span class="_ _8"></span>presented <span class="_ _3"></span>to <span class="_ _3"></span>suppo<span class="_ _0"></span>rt <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _3"></span>theoretica<span class="_ _0"></span>l <span class="_ _3"></span>analysis </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2e ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">presented in this paper.<span class="_ _0"></span> T<span class="_ _0"></span>he prototype demonstrates <span class="_ _0"></span>a conversio<span class="_ _0"></span>n efficiency of around 9<span class="_ _0"></span>7.<span class="_ _0"></span>2% ± 1% for a <span class="_ _0"></span>wide load range.<span class="_ _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x5 ha y2f ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 y30 ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Keywords<span class="ff9">—<span class="ff2">Multile<span class="_ _0"></span>vel <span class="_ _9"> </span>Inverter, <span class="_ _7"> </span>7-level <span class="_ _9"> </span>inverter,<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _9"> </span>Active <span class="_ _9"> </span>N<span class="_ _0"></span>eutral <span class="_ _9"> </span>Point <span class="_ _9"> </span>Cla<span class="_ _0"></span>mped <span class="_ _9"> </span>(ANPC)<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _9"> </span>inverter, <span class="_ _7"> </span>Flying <span class="_ _9"> </span>Cap<span class="_ _0"></span>acitor, </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y31 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Voltage Source Con<span class="_ _0"></span>verter. </div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 y32 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 y33 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 y34 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="t m0 xe hc y35 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Downloaded from https://iranpaper.ir</div><div class="t m0 xf hd y36 ffb fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">https://www.tarjomano.com/order</div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> </body> </html>

<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/624fe26674bc5c01055509dd/bg2.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">0885-8993 (c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc3 sc0">This articl</span>e has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information<span class="fc3 sc0">: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2897061, IEEE</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Transactions on Power Electronics</div><div class="c x0 y4 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y5 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2 </div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y6 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 he y37 ff6 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0">I.<span class="ff7 ls0"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff6">I<span class="fs9">NTRODUCTION</span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h7 y38 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">In <span class="_"> </span>recent <span class="_ _7"> </span>years, <span class="_"> </span>multilevel <span class="_"> </span>converters <span class="_"> </span>have <span class="_ _7"> </span>r<span class="_ _0"></span>eceived <span class="_"> </span>increasing <span class="_ _b"> </span>attention <span class="_"> </span>from <span class="_ _7"> </span>bot<span class="_ _0"></span>h <span class="_"> </span>academia <span class="_ _7"> </span>and <span class="_ _c"> </span>industry <span class="_"> </span>for </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y39 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">applications ranging <span class="_ _6"></span>fro<span class="_ _0"></span>m <span class="_ _6"></span>medium to <span class="_ _6"></span>high voltage/power <span class="_ _6"></span>con<span class="_ _0"></span>version <span class="_ _6"></span>(<span class="_ _0"></span>e.g.,<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _5"></span>>3 k<span class="_ _5"></span>V <span class="_ _5"></span>and <span class="_ _5"></span>>100 kW). <span class="_ _5"></span>This <span class="_ _5"></span>is <span class="_ _5"></span>because mu<span class="_ _5"></span>ltilevel </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y3a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">converters <span class="_ _6"></span>exhibit <span class="_ _6"></span>so<span class="_ _0"></span>me <span class="_ _6"></span>significa<span class="_ _0"></span>nt <span class="_ _6"></span>advantages <span class="_ _6"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>mpared <span class="_ _6"></span>to <span class="_ _6"></span>two<span class="_ _0"></span>-level <span class="_ _6"></span>VSIs, <span class="_ _5"></span>such <span class="_ _6"></span>as <span class="_ _6"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>mproved <span class="_ _6"></span>output <span class="_ _6"></span>wavefor<span class="_ _0"></span>ms <span class="_ _6"></span>with <span class="_ _6"></span>lower </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y3b ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">harmonic <span class="_ _6"></span>distortio<span class="_ _0"></span>n, <span class="_ _6"></span>lo<span class="_ _0"></span>wer <span class="_ _6"></span>electr<span class="_ _0"></span>omagnetic <span class="_ _6"></span>inter<span class="_ _0"></span>ference, <span class="_ _6"></span>red<span class="_ _0"></span>uced <span class="_ _6"></span>stres<span class="_ _0"></span>s <span class="_ _6"></span>across <span class="_ _5"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>se<span class="_ _0"></span>miconductor <span class="_ _5"></span>devices, <span class="_ _6"></span>and fault<span class="_ _0"></span>-tolerant </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 yd ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">operation. <span class="_ _5"></span> <span class="_ _6"></span>The<span class="_ _0"></span>y <span class="_ _6"></span>are <span class="_ _6"></span>also potentially <span class="_ _6"></span>attractive for <span class="_ _6"></span>low <span class="_ _6"></span>voltage/p<span class="_ _0"></span>ower <span class="_ _6"></span>applicatio<span class="_ _0"></span>ns <span class="_ _6"></span>(<span class="_ _0"></span>e.g., <span class="_ _6"></span>38<span class="_ _0"></span>0 <span class="_ _6"></span>V and <span class="_ _6"></span><100 <span class="_ _6"></span>kW)<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _6"></span>d<span class="_ _0"></span>ue <span class="_ _6"></span>to <span class="_ _5"></span>reduc<span class="ls5">ed</span> </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 yf ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">filter <span class="_ _9"></span>size<span class="ls1">, <span class="_ _9"></span></span>lower <span class="_ _8"></span>s<span class="_ _0"></span>witching <span class="_ _9"> </span>loss <span class="_ _9"> </span>and <span class="_ _9"></span>better <span class="_ _9"></span>power <span class="_ _9"></span>quality <span class="_ _9"> </span>[1].<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _9"></span>In <span class="_ _9"></span>addition, <span class="_ _9"></span>th<span class="_ _5"></span>ey <span class="_ _9"></span>exhibit <span class="_ _9"> </span>a <span class="_ _9"></span>fav<span class="_ _5"></span>orable <span class="_ _7"> </span>behavior <span class="_ _9"> </span>for <span class="_ _9"> </span>grid-</div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y3c ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">connected renewable syste<span class="_ _0"></span>ms, especiall<span class="_ _0"></span>y for solar Photovoltaic (PV)<span class="_ _0"></span> because the solid connection between t<span class="_ _0"></span>he PV module </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y3d ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">and <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _3"></span>grid <span class="_ _3"></span>via <span class="_ _3"></span>neutral <span class="_ _3"></span>point <span class="_ _3"></span>o<span class="_ _0"></span>f <span class="_ _3"></span>NPC <span class="_ _3"></span>or <span class="_ _3"></span>ANPC <span class="_ _3"></span>topologies<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _3"></span>help<span class="_ _0"></span>s <span class="_ _3"></span>to <span class="_ _3"></span>keep <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _3"></span>Co<span class="_ _0"></span>mmon <span class="_ _3"></span>Mod<span class="_ _0"></span>e <span class="_ _3"></span>Voltage <span class="_ _3"></span>(CMV) <span class="_ _3"></span>constant, </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y3e ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">which <span class="_ _4"></span>reduces <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>leakage <span class="_ _4"></span>current <span class="_ _4"></span>in <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _0"></span>s<span class="_ _0"></span>ystem. <span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _4"></span>T<span class="_ _0"></span>his <span class="_ _4"></span>behavior <span class="_ _3"></span>is <span class="_ _4"></span>equally <span class="_ _4"></span>app<span class="_ _0"></span>ealing <span class="_ _4"></span>for <span class="_ _4"></span>motor <span class="_ _3"></span>drives <span class="_ _4"></span>and <span class="_ _4"></span>marine <span class="_ _4"></span>po<span class="_ _0"></span>wer </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y3f ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">supply [2]. </div></div><div class="c x12 y40 w3 hf"><div class="t m2 x13 h10 y41 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Combination of any<span class="_ _5"></span> of these types</div><div class="t m2 x14 h11 y42 ff2 fsb fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Multilev<span class="_ _5"></span>el<span class="_ _0"></span> C<span class="_ _6"></span>onver<span class="_ _0"></span>ter</div><div class="t m2 x15 h10 y43 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Sing<span class="_ _5"></span>l<span class="_ _0"></span>e dc sou<span class="_ _5"></span>r<span class="_ _0"></span>ce<span class="_ _d"> </span>Isolated (i<span class="_ _6"></span>ndi<span class="_ _0"></span>vidual<span class="ls6">) <span class="_ _0"></span></span>dc sour<span class="_ _0"></span>ces</div><div class="t m2 x16 h10 y44 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Neutr<span class="_ _5"></span>a<span class="_ _4"></span>l Poi<span class="_ _6"></span>nt<span class="_ _0"></span> Clam<span class="_ _5"></span>pe<span class="_ _4"></span>d </div><div class="t m2 x17 h10 y45 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(NP<span class="_ _5"></span>C<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls6">) <span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls7">& <span class="_ _4"></span></span></span>T-Type</div><div class="t m2 x18 h10 y44 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Flying C<span class="_ _6"></span>a<span class="_ _4"></span>paci<span class="_ _5"></span>t<span class="_ _0"></span>or</div><div class="t m2 x19 h10 y45 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> (<span class="ls8">FC</span>)</div><div class="t m2 x1a h10 y44 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cascade<span class="_ _5"></span>d H-B<span class="_ _0"></span>ri<span class="_ _5"></span>dge</div><div class="t m2 x1b h10 y45 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(CHB)</div><div class="t m2 x14 h10 y44 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Modular M<span class="_ _5"></span>ul<span class="_ _0"></span>tile<span class="_ _5"></span>vel Converte<span class="_ _5"></span>r</div><div class="t m2 x1c h10 y45 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(<span class="ls9">MMC<span class="_ _0"></span></span>)</div><div class="t m2 x1d h10 y46 ff2 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Active NPC (ANPC<span class="lsa">) <span class="ls7">& <span class="_ _4"></span></span></span>H<span class="_ _0"></span>ybri<span class="_ _6"></span>d T<span class="_ _0"></span>opologies</div></div><div class="c x0 y4 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x1e h7 y40 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x1f h6 y47 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fig. 1.<span class="ff3 fs2"> </span>A broad c<span class="_ _5"></span>ategorization of m<span class="_ _5"></span>ultilevel<span class="_ _5"></span> converter topolog<span class="_ _5"></span>ies.<span class="_ _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y48 ff2 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x11 h7 y49 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Multilevel converter top<span class="_ _0"></span>ologies have been repo<span class="_ _0"></span>rted in the literature since <span class="_ _4"></span>the 197<span class="_ _0"></span>0s, yet there are <span class="_ _0"></span>still new topologies<span class="_ _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y4a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">being investi<span class="_ _0"></span>gated a<span class="_ _0"></span>nd fi<span class="_ _0"></span>nding ap<span class="_ _0"></span>plications i<span class="_ _0"></span>n emergi<span class="_ _0"></span>ng areas <span class="_ _0"></span>[<span class="_ _0"></span>3]-[8]<span class="_ _0"></span>. <span class="_ _0"></span>A broad<span class="_ _0"></span> categor<span class="_ _0"></span>ization of <span class="_ _0"></span>the <span class="_ _0"></span>multilevel co<span class="_ _0"></span>nverters </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y4b ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">is illustrated<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _0"></span>in Fig. <span class="_ _0"></span>1. <span class="_ _4"></span>Some o<span class="_ _0"></span>f the <span class="_ _0"></span>p<span class="_ _0"></span>opular <span class="_ _0"></span>multilevel <span class="_ _0"></span>topolo<span class="_ _0"></span>gies include <span class="_ _4"></span>the <span class="_ _0"></span>Neutral <span class="_ _0"></span>Point <span class="_ _0"></span>Clamped <span class="_ _0"></span>(NP<span class="_ _0"></span>C) <span class="_ _0"></span>converter [<span class="_ _0"></span>4], </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y4c ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">[6], <span class="_ _0"></span>[<span class="ls3">10<span class="ls2">],</span></span> <span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls2">[1</span>2]; <span class="_ _0"></span>Flying-Capacit<span class="_ _0"></span>or <span class="_ _4"></span>(FC) <span class="_ _0"></span>converter <span class="_ _0"></span>[<span class="_ _0"></span>8], <span class="_ _4"></span>[11], <span class="_ _0"></span>[13]<span class="_ _0"></span>; <span class="_ _0"></span>Cascaded <span class="_ _4"></span>H-bridge <span class="_ _4"></span>(CHB) <span class="_ _0"></span>converter <span class="_ _4"></span>[3], <span class="_ _0"></span>[<span class="_ _0"></span>4<span class="ls2">],</span> <span class="_ _0"></span>[5], <span class="_ _4"></span>[<span class="ls3">20</span>]; T-</div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y4d ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Type converter <span class="_ _6"></span>[<span class="_ _0"></span>1], [5]; <span class="_ _5"></span>Modular Multilevel <span class="_ _6"></span>con<span class="_ _0"></span>verter (MMC) [5], <span class="lsb">[1</span>6]; <span class="_ _5"></span>and hy<span class="_ _5"></span>brid multilevel <span class="_ _5"></span>NPC converter <span class="_ _5"></span>[8]<span class="_ _0"></span>, [<span class="_ _5"></span>9], [12],<span class="_ _5"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y4e ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">[14]<span class="lsc">. <span class="_ _3"></span><span class="lsd">A <span class="_ _4"></span></span></span>Single-phase <span class="_ _4"></span>circ<span class="_ _0"></span>uit <span class="_ _0"></span>of <span class="_ _4"></span>so<span class="_ _0"></span>me <span class="_ _0"></span>of <span class="_ _4"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>mmon <span class="_ _4"></span>topologies <span class="_ _4"></span>generati<span class="_ _0"></span>ng <span class="_ _4"></span><span class="lse">a <span class="_ _4"></span></span>seven-level <span class="_ _4"></span>output <span class="_ _4"></span>are <span class="_ _4"></span>sho<span class="_ _0"></span>wn <span class="_ _0"></span>in <span class="_ _4"></span>Fig. <span class="_ _3"></span>2. <span class="_ _0"></span>The </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y4f ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">NPC <span class="_ _3"></span>converter <span class="_ _8"></span>is <span class="_ _3"></span>eas<span class="_ _0"></span>y <span class="_ _3"></span>to <span class="_ _3"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>ntrol <span class="_ _8"></span>with <span class="_ _3"></span>simple <span class="_ _3"></span>P<span class="_ _0"></span>WM <span class="_ _3"></span>techniq<span class="_ _0"></span>ues; <span class="_ _3"></span>ho<span class="_ _0"></span>wever, <span class="_ _8"></span>in <span class="_ _8"></span>many <span class="_ _3"></span>case<span class="_ _0"></span>s <span class="_ _3"></span>the<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _3"></span>unsy<span class="_ _0"></span>mmetrical <span class="_ _3"></span>load<span class="_ _0"></span>ing <span class="_ _3"></span>o<span class="_ _0"></span>f </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y50 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">power devices<span class="_ _0"></span> ca<span class="_ _0"></span>uses <span class="_ _0"></span>underutilization <span class="_ _0"></span>[19<span class="_ _0"></span>], [<span class="_ _0"></span>21]. <span class="_ _0"></span>In add<span class="_ _0"></span>ition, <span class="_ _0"></span>as t<span class="_ _0"></span>he <span class="_ _0"></span>number of <span class="_ _0"></span>o<span class="_ _0"></span>utput volta<span class="_ _0"></span>ge levels<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _0"></span>increases, <span class="_ _0"></span>the d<span class="_ _0"></span>c-link </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y51 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">capacitor <span class="_ _0"></span>voltage <span class="_ _0"></span>balancing <span class="_ _0"></span>beco<span class="_ _0"></span>mes dif<span class="_ _0"></span>ficult, <span class="_ _0"></span>ofte<span class="_ _0"></span>n <span class="_ _0"></span>demanding <span class="_ _0"></span>complex <span class="_ _0"></span>control <span class="_ _4"></span>strategies <span class="_ _4"></span>[5], <span class="_ _0"></span>[15]. <span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _0"></span>The <span class="_ _0"></span>FC <span class="_ _0"></span>converter <span class="_ _0"></span><span class="lsf">is</span> </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y52 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">controlled by<span class="_ _6"></span> multi-carrier phase <span class="_ _6"></span>shifted PWM an<span class="_ _5"></span>d s<span class="_ _5"></span>hows symmetrical <span class="_ _6"></span>loadin<span class="_ _0"></span>g <span class="_ _6"></span>o<span class="_ _0"></span>f <span class="_ _6"></span>po<span class="_ _0"></span>wer <span class="_ _6"></span>d<span class="_ _0"></span>evices <span class="_ _6"></span>a<span class="_ _0"></span>nd spreads <span class="_ _5"></span>losses <span class="_ _6"></span>eq<span class="_ _0"></span>ually </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y53 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">across the <span class="_ _0"></span>power d<span class="_ _0"></span>evices [<span class="ls3">11</span>]<span class="_ _0"></span>, [18], [2<span class="_ _0"></span>0]<span class="ls1">. </span>Ho<span class="_ _0"></span>wever, the incre<span class="_ _0"></span>ased number <span class="_ _0"></span>of capacitor<span class="_ _0"></span>s in FC<span class="_ _4"></span>-type topologies <span class="_ _0"></span>with <span class="_ _0"></span>a large </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y54 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">number of levels leads to m<span class="_ _6"></span>o<span class="_ _0"></span>re complex control scheme [4], [<span class="ls3">11<span class="lsb">],</span></span> [13]. In contrast, th<span class="_ _5"></span>e CHB<span class="_ _0"></span> can achieve <span class="_ _5"></span>a large number of </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y55 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">levels by <span class="lse">a <span class="_ _0"></span></span>straightfor<span class="_ _0"></span>ward <span class="_ _0"></span>cascaded <span class="_ _0"></span>structure of <span class="_ _0"></span>H-bridges<span class="ls1">, <span class="_ _0"></span></span>and <span class="_ _0"></span>loss equalization <span class="_ _0"></span>can <span class="_ _0"></span>be achieved eve<span class="_ _0"></span>n <span class="_ _0"></span>with simple <span class="_ _0"></span>phase </div></div><div class="t m0 xe hc y35 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Downloaded from https://iranpaper.ir</div><div class="t m0 xf hd y36 ffb fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">https://www.tarjomano.com/order</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/624fe26674bc5c01055509dd/bg3.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">0885-8993 (c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc3 sc0">This articl</span>e has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information<span class="fc3 sc0">: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2897061, IEEE</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Transactions on Power Electronics</div><div class="c x0 y4 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y5 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3 </div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y6 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y56 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">shifted PWM technique<span class="ls1">. <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls0">Ho<span class="_ _0"></span>wever, the CHB <span class="_ _6"></span>r<span class="_ _0"></span>equires isolated dc sources <span class="_ _6"></span>for each H-bridges, potentially making the <span class="_ _6"></span>s<span class="_ _0"></span>ystem </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y57 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">bulky and <span class="_ _0"></span>exp<span class="_ _0"></span>ensive <span class="_ _0"></span>[1<span class="_ _0"></span>], <span class="_ _0"></span>[3]<span class="_ _0"></span>-[5], <span class="_ _0"></span>[16]. T<span class="_ _0"></span>he <span class="_ _0"></span>T-Type <span class="_ _0"></span>converter <span class="_ _0"></span>uses <span class="_ _0"></span>similar <span class="_ _0"></span>PW<span class="_ _0"></span>M <span class="_ _0"></span>strategie<span class="_ _0"></span>s <span class="_ _0"></span><span class="lse">as</span> <span class="_ _0"></span>the <span class="_ _0"></span>NPC <span class="_ _0"></span>top<span class="_ _0"></span>ology, <span class="_ _0"></span>differing </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y58 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">only <span class="_ _0"></span>in <span class="_ _0"></span>that <span class="_ _4"></span>one <span class="_ _0"></span>po<span class="_ _0"></span>wer d<span class="_ _0"></span>evice <span class="_ _4"></span>generates <span class="_ _0"></span>the <span class="_ _0"></span>positi<span class="_ _0"></span>ve <span class="_ _0"></span>or <span class="_ _4"></span>negative <span class="_ _0"></span>half <span class="_ _0"></span>of <span class="_ _0"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>output <span class="_ _0"></span>voltag<span class="_ _0"></span>e. <span class="_ _4"></span>T<span class="_ _0"></span>he <span class="_ _0"></span>p<span class="_ _0"></span>ower <span class="_ _0"></span>devices <span class="_ _0"></span>are <span class="_ _4"></span>loaded </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y59 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">symmetrically <span class="_ _9"> </span>in <span class="_ _9"> </span>pair<span class="_ _0"></span>s <span class="_ _9"> </span>but <span class="_ _9"> </span>the <span class="_ _9"> </span>outer <span class="_ _9"> </span>p<span class="_ _0"></span>ower <span class="_ _9"> </span>device<span class="_ _0"></span>s <span class="_ _7"> </span>has <span class="_ _9"> </span>to <span class="_ _9"> </span>block <span class="_ _9"> </span>the <span class="_ _9"> </span>e<span class="_ _0"></span>ntire <span class="_ _9"> </span>dc<span class="_ _0"></span>-link <span class="_ _9"> </span>voltage <span class="_ _9"> </span>duri<span class="_ _0"></span>ng <span class="_ _9"> </span>operation <span class="_ _9"> </span>[1]<span class="_ _0"></span>, <span class="_ _9"> </span>[5<span class="_ _0"></span>]. </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y5a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Likewise, the increased n<span class="_ _0"></span>umber of capacito<span class="_ _0"></span>rs in higher<span class="_ _0"></span>-level FC<span class="_ _0"></span>- and <span class="ls10">MMC</span>-type top<span class="_ _0"></span>ologies lead to more co<span class="_ _0"></span>mplex co<span class="_ _0"></span>ntrol </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y5b ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">scheme [5], [<span class="_ _0"></span>8], [11], [13]<span class="_ _0"></span>, <span class="ls2">[1</span>6]. </div></div><div class="c xb y5c w4 h12"><div class="t m3 x20 h13 y5d ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x12 h14 y5e ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X1</div><div class="t m3 x20 h13 y5f ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x12 h14 y60 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X2</div><div class="t m3 x20 h13 y61 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x12 h14 y62 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X3</div><div class="t m3 x20 h13 y63 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x12 h14 y64 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X4</div><div class="t m3 x21 h15 y65 ff5 fse fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x20 h13 y66 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x12 h14 y67 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X5</div><div class="t m3 x20 h15 y68 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x12 h14 y69 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X6</div><div class="t m3 x20 h13 y6a ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x12 h14 y6b ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X7</div><div class="t m3 x20 h13 y6c ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x12 h14 y6d ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X8</div><div class="t m3 x22 h16 y6e ff2 fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(b)</div><div class="t m3 x21 h13 y6f ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">_</div><div class="t m3 x23 h13 y70 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x24 h14 y71 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1</div><div class="t m3 x25 h13 y72 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x26 h14 y73 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 x23 h13 y74 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x24 h14 y75 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x23 h13 y76 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x24 h14 y77 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m3 xd h13 y78 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D</div><div class="t m3 x27 h14 y79 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1</div><div class="t m3 x28 h13 y7a ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D</div><div class="t m3 x29 h14 y7b ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 x2a h15 y7c ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D</div><div class="t m3 x2b h14 y7d ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x2c h13 y7e ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D</div><div class="t m3 x2d h14 y7f ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m3 x2e h15 y80 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D</div><div class="t m3 x2f h14 y81 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5</div><div class="t m3 x5 h15 y82 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D</div><div class="t m3 x2a h17 y83 ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 x30 h15 y84 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x31 h17 y85 ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X1</div><div class="t m3 x30 h13 y86 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x31 h14 y87 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X2</div><div class="t m3 x30 h13 y88 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x31 h14 y89 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X3</div><div class="t m3 x30 h15 y80 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x31 h14 y81 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X4</div><div class="t m3 x32 h13 y8a ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">U</div><div class="t m3 x33 h14 y8b ff5 fsd fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">X</div><div class="t m3 x34 h13 y8c ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x30 h15 y8d ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x31 h14 y8e ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X5</div><div class="t m3 x30 h15 y68 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x31 h14 y69 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X6</div><div class="t m3 x30 h15 y8f ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x31 h14 y90 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X7</div><div class="t m3 x30 h15 y91 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x31 h14 y92 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X8</div><div class="t m3 x34 h13 y93 ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">_</div><div class="t m3 x35 h13 y94 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x36 h14 y95 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1</div><div class="t m3 x37 h13 y96 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x38 h14 y97 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 x37 h13 y98 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x38 h14 y99 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f1</div><div class="t m3 x39 h13 y9a ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x3a h14 y9b ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f2</div><div class="t m3 x3b h13 y9c ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x10 h14 y9d ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f3</div><div class="t m3 x3c h13 y9e ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">0</div><div class="t m3 x3d h13 y9f ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">0</div><div class="t m3 x2c h16 ya0 ff2 fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(a)</div><div class="t m3 x23 h13 ya1 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x24 h14 ya2 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5</div><div class="t m3 x23 h13 ya3 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x24 h14 ya4 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 x3e h13 ya5 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D</div><div class="t m3 x3f h14 ya6 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">7</div><div class="t m3 x2b h15 ya7 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D</div><div class="t m3 x11 h14 ya8 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">8</div><div class="t m3 x40 h13 ya9 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D</div><div class="t m3 x15 h14 yaa ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">9</div><div class="t m3 x41 h13 yab ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D</div><div class="t m3 x42 h14 yac ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls11 ws0">10</div><div class="t m3 x20 h13 yad ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x12 h14 yae ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X9</div><div class="t m3 x43 h15 ya7 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x44 h14 ya8 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">10</span></div><div class="t m3 x43 h13 yaf ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x44 h14 yb0 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">11</span></div><div class="t m3 x43 h13 yb1 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x44 h14 yb2 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">12</span></div><div class="t m3 x45 h13 yb3 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">T</div><div class="t m3 x46 h14 yb4 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls12 ws0">AX<span class="ls0">1</span></div><div class="t m3 x47 h13 yb5 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">T</div><div class="t m3 x48 h14 yb6 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls12 ws0">AX<span class="ls0">2</span></div><div class="t m3 x45 h13 yb7 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">T</div><div class="t m3 x46 h14 yb8 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls12 ws0">AX<span class="ls0">3</span></div><div class="t m3 x45 h13 yb9 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">T</div><div class="t m3 x46 h14 yba ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls12 ws0">AX<span class="ls0">4</span></div><div class="t m3 x45 h13 ybb ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">T</div><div class="t m3 x46 h14 ybc ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls12 ws0">AX<span class="ls0">5</span></div><div class="t m3 x45 h13 ybd ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">T</div><div class="t m3 x46 h14 ybe ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls12 ws0">AX<span class="ls0">6</span></div><div class="t m3 x49 h13 ybf ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">U</div><div class="t m3 x4a h14 yc0 ff5 fsd fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">X</div><div class="t m3 x4b h13 yc1 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x3 h14 yc2 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f4</div><div class="t m3 x4c h15 yc3 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x4d h14 yc4 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f5</div><div class="t m3 x30 h15 yc5 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x31 h14 yc6 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X9</div><div class="t m3 x4e h13 yc7 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x4f h14 yc8 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">10</span></div><div class="t m3 x4e h13 yc9 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x4f h14 yca ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">11</span></div><div class="t m3 x4e h13 ycb ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x4f h14 ycc ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">12</span></div><div class="t m3 x29 h18 ycd ff2 fs11 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(d)</div><div class="t m3 x50 h13 yce ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x51 h14 ycf ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X1</div><div class="t m3 x50 h13 yd0 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x51 h14 yd1 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X2</div><div class="t m3 x50 h13 yd2 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x51 h14 yd3 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X3</div><div class="t m3 x50 h13 yd4 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x51 h14 yd5 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X4</div><div class="t m3 x52 h13 yd6 ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">U</div><div class="t m3 x53 h14 yd7 ff5 fsd fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">X</div><div class="t m3 x54 h15 yd8 ff5 fse fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x50 h13 yd9 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x51 h14 yda ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X5</div><div class="t m3 x50 h13 ydb ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x51 h14 ydc ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X6</div><div class="t m3 x50 h13 ydd ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x51 h14 yde ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X7</div><div class="t m3 x50 h13 ydf ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x51 h14 ye0 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X8</div><div class="t m3 x55 h13 ye1 ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">_</div><div class="t m3 x56 h13 ye2 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x57 h14 ye3 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1</div><div class="t m3 x58 h15 ye4 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x59 h14 ye5 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 x5a h13 ye6 ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">0</div><div class="t m3 x5b h13 ye7 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x5c h14 ye8 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f1</div><div class="t m3 x5d h13 ye9 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x5e h14 yea ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f2</div><div class="t m3 xf h13 yeb ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x5f h14 yec ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X9</div><div class="t m3 x60 h15 yed ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x61 h14 yee ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">10</span></div><div class="t m3 x62 h13 yef ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x63 h14 yf0 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X1</div><div class="t m3 x64 h15 yf1 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x65 h14 yf2 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X3</div><div class="t m3 x66 h13 yf3 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x67 h14 yf4 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X5</div><div class="t m3 x68 h13 yf5 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x69 h14 yf6 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X6</div><div class="t m3 x6a h15 yf7 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x6b h14 yf8 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1</div><div class="t m3 x6a h13 yf9 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x6b h14 yfa ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 x6c h13 yfb ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">0</div><div class="t m3 x6d h13 yfc ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x6e h14 yfd ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X9</div><div class="t m3 x5e h13 yfe ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x6f h14 yff ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls13">10</span></div><div class="t m3 x70 h13 y100 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x71 h14 y101 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X7</div><div class="t m3 x72 h13 y102 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x73 h14 y103 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X8</div><div class="t m3 x74 h13 y104 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x75 h14 y105 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f</div><div class="t m3 x76 h15 y106 ff5 fse fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">U</div><div class="t m3 x77 h14 y107 ff5 fsd fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">X</div><div class="t m3 x78 h16 y108 ff2 fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(c)</div><div class="t m3 x36 h16 y109 ff2 fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(e)</div><div class="t m3 x79 h13 y10a ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x2c h14 y10b ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X1</div><div class="t m3 x79 h15 y10c ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x2c h14 y10d ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X2</div><div class="t m3 x7a h13 y10e ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x79 h13 y10f ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x2c h14 y110 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X3</div><div class="t m3 x79 h13 y111 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x2c h14 y112 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X4</div><div class="t m3 x7b h13 y113 ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">_</div><div class="t m3 x7c h13 y114 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x7d h14 y115 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1</div><div class="t m3 x7c h13 y116 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x7d h14 y117 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 x79 h13 y118 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x2c h14 y119 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X5</div><div class="t m3 x79 h13 y11a ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x2c h14 y11b ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X6</div><div class="t m3 x7c h13 y11c ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x7d h14 y11d ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x7e h13 y11e ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">U</div><div class="t m3 x7f h14 y11f ff5 fsd fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">X</div><div class="t m3 x80 h13 y120 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x81 h14 y121 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X7</div><div class="t m3 x80 h13 y122 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x81 h14 y123 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X8</div><div class="t m3 x80 h15 y124 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x81 h14 y125 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X9</div><div class="t m3 x42 h15 y126 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x6 h17 y127 ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls14">10</span></div><div class="t m3 x20 h13 y128 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x12 h14 y129 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">11</span></div><div class="t m3 x20 h13 y12a ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x12 h14 y12b ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">12</span></div><div class="t m3 x2a h13 y12c ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x2b h14 y12d ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f1</div><div class="t m3 x2a h15 y12e ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x2b h17 y12f ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f2</div><div class="t m3 x82 h15 y130 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x9 h17 y131 ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f3</div><div class="t m3 x83 h16 y132 ff2 fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(g)</div><div class="t m3 x84 h13 y10a ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x85 h14 y10b ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X1</div><div class="t m3 x84 h15 y133 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x85 h14 y134 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X2</div><div class="t m3 x86 h13 y10e ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x87 h13 y113 ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">_</div><div class="t m3 x88 h13 y135 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x89 h14 y136 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1</div><div class="t m3 x14 h15 y130 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x8a h17 y131 ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 x84 h13 y118 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x85 h14 y119 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X3</div><div class="t m3 x84 h13 y11a ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x85 h14 y11b ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X4</div><div class="t m3 x14 h13 y11c ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x8a h14 y11d ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x8b h13 y137 ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">U</div><div class="t m3 x8c h14 y138 ff5 fsd fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">X</div><div class="t m3 x8d h13 y139 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x8e h14 y13a ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X5</div><div class="t m3 x8f h13 y13b ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x90 h14 y13c ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">10</span></div><div class="t m3 x91 h13 y13d ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x92 h14 y13e ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X9</div><div class="t m3 x3 h13 y13f ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x93 h14 y140 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f</div><div class="t m3 x94 h15 y141 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x95 h17 y142 ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X6</div><div class="t m3 x96 h15 y143 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x1c h14 y144 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X7</div><div class="t m3 x97 h13 y145 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x98 h14 y146 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X8</div><div class="t m3 x31 h13 y147 ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x31 h13 y148 ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">_</div><div class="t m3 x99 h16 y109 ff2 fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(f)</div><div class="t m3 x9a h13 y149 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x9b h14 y14a ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X1</div><div class="t m3 x9a h13 y14b ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x9b h14 y14c ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X2</div><div class="t m3 x9c h13 y10e ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x9d h13 y113 ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">_</div><div class="t m3 x9e h15 y14d ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x9f h17 y14e ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1</div><div class="t m3 xa0 h15 y14f ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x5a h14 y150 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X3</div><div class="t m3 xa0 h15 y151 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x5a h17 y152 ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X4</div><div class="t m3 x9e h13 y153 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x9f h14 y154 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 xa1 h13 y137 ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">U</div><div class="t m3 xa2 h14 y138 ff5 fsd fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">X</div><div class="t m3 x9a h13 y155 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x9b h14 y156 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X5</div><div class="t m3 x57 h15 y157 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xa3 h14 y158 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">10</span></div><div class="t m3 xa4 h13 y159 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xa5 h14 y15a ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X9</div><div class="t m3 xa6 h13 y12c ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 xa7 h14 y12d ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f1</div><div class="t m3 x9a h13 y15b ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x9b h14 y15c ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X6</div><div class="t m3 x59 h13 y15d ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xa8 h14 y15e ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X7</div><div class="t m3 x58 h13 y15f ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xa9 h14 y160 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X8</div><div class="t m3 x5b h13 y161 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xaa h14 y162 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">11</span></div><div class="t m3 x5e h13 y163 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x6f h14 y164 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">12</span></div><div class="t m3 xab h13 y165 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xac h14 y166 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">13</span></div><div class="t m3 xad h13 y167 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xae h14 y168 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X<span class="ls11">14</span></div><div class="t m3 x26 h13 y169 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 xaf h14 y16a ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1</div><div class="t m3 xb0 h13 y16b ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 xb1 h14 y16c ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 xb2 h13 y16d ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">0</div><div class="t m3 x1 h15 y16e ff5 fse fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">_</div><div class="t m3 xb3 h19 y16f ff2 fse fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x7a h1a y170 ff2 fsd fc4 sc0 ls15 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xb4 h1b y171 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x34 h1a y172 ff2 fsd fc4 sc0 ls15 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xb5 h1b y173 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x9e h1a y174 ff2 fsd fc4 sc0 ls15 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xb6 h19 y175 ff2 fse fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xb7 h1a y176 ff2 fsd fc4 sc0 ls15 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xb8 h1b y177 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x87 h1a y178 ff2 fsd fc4 sc0 ls15 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xb9 h1b y179 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x9c h1a y17a ff2 fsd fc4 sc0 ls15 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xba h13 y17b ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x8c h1b y17c ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x30 h1a y17d ff2 fsd fc4 sc0 ls15 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 x17 h19 y17e ff2 fse fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xba h1c y17f ff2 fs10 fc4 sc0 ls16 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xbb h13 y180 ff5 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">U</div><div class="t m3 xbc h14 y181 ff5 fsd fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">X</div><div class="t m3 xbd h13 y182 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x2a h14 y183 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X3</div><div class="t m3 xbe h13 y184 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xbf h14 y185 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X5</div><div class="t m3 xc0 h13 y186 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x86 h14 y187 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X2</div><div class="t m3 xc1 h13 y188 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xc2 h14 y189 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X8</div><div class="t m3 xc3 h15 y18a ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xc4 h17 y18b ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X9</div><div class="t m3 xc5 h15 y18a ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xc6 h17 y18b ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X10</div><div class="t m3 x39 h13 y18c ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x3a h14 y18d ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X11</div><div class="t m3 xc7 h13 y16b ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xc3 h14 y16c ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X12</div><div class="t m3 xc8 h13 y18e ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 xc9 h14 y18f ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X13</div><div class="t m3 x3a h13 y16b ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x95 h14 y16c ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X14</div><div class="t m3 xca h15 y190 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 xcb h14 y191 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f1</div><div class="t m3 xcc h15 y190 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 xc h14 y191 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f2</div><div class="t m3 x7e h15 y190 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x7f h14 y191 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f3</div><div class="t m3 xcd h15 y192 ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 xce h17 y193 ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f4</div><div class="t m3 xcf h13 y194 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 xd0 h14 y195 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f5</div><div class="t m3 xd1 h1d y196 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x42 h1e y197 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xd2 h1d y198 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xd3 h1d y199 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xd4 h1e y19a ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xd4 h1d y19b ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 xd3 h1d y19c ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xd4 h1e y19d ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xd5 h1d y19e ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 x36 h1d y196 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xd6 h1e y197 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xd6 h1d y198 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xd7 h1d y19f ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xd8 h1e y1a0 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 x84 h1d y1a1 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 xc1 h1d y1a2 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xc2 h1e y1a3 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xd9 h1d y1a4 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x49 h1d y1a2 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xda h1e y1a3 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xda h1d y1a5 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 xdb h18 y1a6 ff2 fs11 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(h)</div><div class="t m3 xdc h1d y1a7 ff5 fs12 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">R</div><div class="t m3 x5 h1e y1a8 ff5 fs13 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s</div><div class="t m3 x3f h1d y1a9 ff5 fs12 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">R</div><div class="t m3 xdd h1e y1aa ff5 fs13 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s</div><div class="t m3 xde h1d y1a9 ff5 fs12 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">R</div><div class="t m3 xdf h1e y1aa ff5 fs13 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s</div><div class="t m3 xda h1d y1ab ff5 fs12 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">R</div><div class="t m3 xe0 h1e y1ac ff5 fs13 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s</div><div class="t m3 xda h1d y1ad ff5 fs12 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">R</div><div class="t m3 xe0 h1e y1ae ff5 fs13 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s</div><div class="t m3 xdf h1d y1af ff5 fs12 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">R</div><div class="t m3 xe1 h1e y1b0 ff5 fs13 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s</div><div class="t m3 x3f h1d y1b1 ff5 fs12 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">R</div><div class="t m3 xcc h1e y1b2 ff5 fs13 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s</div><div class="t m3 x2d h1f y1b3 ff5 fs14 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">R</div><div class="t m3 x29 h1e y1b4 ff5 fs13 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">s</div><div class="t m3 xe2 h1d y1b5 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xe3 h1e y1b6 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls18 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xe3 h1d y1b7 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xe2 h1d y1b8 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xe3 h1e y1b9 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls18 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xe3 h1d y1ba ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xe2 h1d y1bb ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xe3 h1e y1bc ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xe3 h1d y1bd ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xe4 h1d y1be ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xe5 h1e y1bf ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xe3 h1d y1c0 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xe4 h1d y1c1 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xe5 h1e y1c2 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xe3 h1d yc8 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xe2 h1d y1c3 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xe3 h1e y1c4 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xe3 h1d y1c5 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xc9 h1d y1c6 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x1f h1e y1c7 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 x1f h1d y1c8 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 xc9 h1d y1c9 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x1f h1e y1ca ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 x1f h1f y1cb ff5 fs14 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xe6 h1d y1cc ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xe7 h1e y1cd ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls18 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xe7 h1d y1ce ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 xe6 h1d y1cf ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xe7 h1e y1d0 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xe7 h1d y1d1 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 x33 h1f y1d2 ff5 fs14 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xe8 h1e y1d3 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xe8 h1d y1d4 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x33 h1d y1d5 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xe8 h1e y1d6 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xe8 h1d y1d7 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x33 h1d y1d8 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xe8 h1e y1d9 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xe9 h1f y1da ff5 fs14 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x13 h1d y1db ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xea h1e y1dc ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xea h1d y1dd ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x49 h1d y1d5 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xea h1e y1d6 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xda h1d y1d7 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x49 h1d y1de ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xda h1e y1df ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xda h1d y1e0 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 xba h1d y1de ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xeb h1e y1df ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xeb h1d y1e0 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 xba h1d y1e1 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xeb h1e y1e2 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 x2 h1d y1e3 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 xba h1d y1e4 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xeb h1e y1e5 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xeb h1d y1e6 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x5b h13 y1e7 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 xaa h14 y1e8 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f2</div><div class="t m3 x8 h1d y1e9 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xec h20 y1ea ff5 fs15 fc4 sc0 ls19 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 x33 h1d y1eb ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 x1b h1d y1ec ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xed h1e y1ed ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xec h1d y1ee ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 xee h1d yb9 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xf h1e y1ef ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xf h1d y1f0 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x5b h1d y1f1 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xaa h1e y1f2 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xaa h1d y1f3 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 x78 h1d y1f4 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x60 h1e y1f5 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xef h1d y1f6 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 x78 h1d y1f7 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xef h1e y1f8 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xef h1d y1f9 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xf0 h1d y1fa ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x72 h1e y1fb ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls18 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 x72 h1d y1fc ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m3 x97 h1d y1fd ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x95 h1e y1fe ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 x95 h1d y1ff ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xf1 h1d y200 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x28 h1e y201 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xf2 h1d y202 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 xf1 h1d y203 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xf2 h1e y204 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xf2 h1d y205 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 x42 h1d y206 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x6 h1e y207 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 x6 h1d y208 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 xf3 h1d y209 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">5V</div><div class="t m3 xf4 h20 y20a ff5 fs15 fc4 sc0 ls19 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xf5 h1f y20b ff5 fs14 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xbb h1d y20c ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">2V</div><div class="t m3 xf6 h1e y66 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xf7 h1d y20d ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 xf8 h1d y20e ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xf9 h1e y20f ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 xf9 h1d y210 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 xfa h1d y211 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 xfb h1e y212 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 x10 h1d y213 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m3 xfc h1d y214 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m3 x94 h1e y215 ff5 fs13 fc4 sc0 ls17 ws0">DC</div><div class="t m3 x94 h1d y216 ff5 fs12 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m3 xd3 h21 y217 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x3d h21 y218 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 xd3 h21 y219 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x3d h21 y21a ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 xd3 h21 y21b ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x3d h22 y21c ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x3d h21 y21d ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x3d h21 y21e ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x3d h21 y21f ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 xd5 h21 y220 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x3d h21 y221 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 xd5 h21 y222 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x3c h22 y223 ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x8d h21 y224 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x3c h21 y225 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x8d h22 y226 ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 xfd h22 y227 ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 xfe h21 y228 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 xff h21 y229 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x100 h21 y22a ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x101 h21 y22b ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x102 h21 y22c ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x91 h21 y22d ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x4c h21 y22e ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x103 h21 y22f ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x104 h21 y230 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x66 h21 y231 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x9b h22 y232 ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x66 h21 y233 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x9b h21 y234 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x105 h21 y235 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x70 h21 y236 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x106 h21 y237 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x107 h21 y238 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x108 h21 y239 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 xe3 h22 y23a ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 xe4 h21 y23b ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x108 h21 y23c ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 xe4 h21 y23d ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x108 h22 y23e ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x109 h21 y23f ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x29 h21 y240 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x10a h21 y241 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 xcc h22 y242 ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x109 h21 y243 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x109 h21 y244 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x10b h21 y245 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x10c h21 y246 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x10b h21 y247 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x10b h21 y208 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x10b h21 y248 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x10b h21 y249 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x10 h21 y24a ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x10 h21 y24b ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x10d h21 y24c ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x10e h22 y24d ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x10d h21 y23b ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x10e h21 y23c ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x10d h21 y23d ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x10e h22 y23e ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x5f h21 y24e ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x10f h21 y24f ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x5f h21 y250 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x10f h21 y251 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 xb2 h21 y252 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x110 h21 y253 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x110 h21 y254 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x111 h21 y255 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x11 h22 y256 ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x2e h21 y257 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x112 h22 y256 ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x113 h21 y257 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x48 h21 y258 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x46 h21 y259 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 xb4 h22 y256 ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x114 h21 y257 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x115 h22 y25a ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x116 h21 y25b ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x6c h22 y25c ff5 fs17 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x117 h21 y25d ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x117 h21 y254 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 x10d h21 y255 ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x118 h21 y25e ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">+</div><div class="t m3 xa6 h21 y25f ff5 fs16 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">-</div><div class="t m3 x119 h13 y260 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C</div><div class="t m3 x54 h14 y261 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m3 x11a h13 y262 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x1d h14 y263 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X1</div><div class="t m3 x5a h13 y264 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x11b h14 y265 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X4</div><div class="t m3 x2c h13 y266 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x11c h14 y267 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X6</div><div class="t m3 x2f h13 y268 ff5 fsc fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x80 h14 y269 ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X7</div><div class="t m3 x63 h15 y26a ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x11d h17 y26b ff5 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X2</div><div class="t m3 xcc h15 y26c ff5 fse fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">S</div><div class="t m3 x7 h14 y26d ff5 fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X4</div></div><div class="c x0 y4 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x11e h4 y26e ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y26f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fig. 2.<span class="ff3 fs1 fc5"> </span>Phase leg<span class="_ _5"></span> of some of the conventional seve<span class="_ _5"></span>n-level inverter topol<span class="_ _5"></span>ogies: (a) 7L-NPC [10], [19], (b) 7L-Fly<span class="_ _6"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>ng Capacitor [11], (c) 7L<span class="_ _5"></span>-ANPC [12], </div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y270 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(d) generalized 7L-Peng model [13], <span class="_ _0"></span>(e) Hybrid Clamped 7L-ANPC [2]<span class="_ _0"></span> , <span class="_ _0"></span>(f) Hybrid 7L-ANPC-I [14], <span class="_ _0"></span>(g) Hybrid 7L-ANPC-II [12]<span class="_ _0"></span>, and <span class="_ _0"></span>(h) Hybrid 7L-</div><div class="t m0 xd h23 y271 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ANPC-III<span class="_ _6"></span> [<span class="_ _0"></span>15]. Here X <span class="ffc ls1a">󰇛</span>R, Y, <span class="_ _5"></span>B) phases. </div></div><div class="t m0 xe hc y35 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Downloaded from https://iranpaper.ir</div><div class="t m0 xf hd y36 ffb fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">https://www.tarjomano.com/order</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/624fe26674bc5c01055509dd/bg4.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">0885-8993 (c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc3 sc0">This articl</span>e has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information<span class="fc3 sc0">: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2897061, IEEE</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Transactions on Power Electronics</div><div class="c x0 y4 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y5 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4 </div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y6 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x11 h7 y56 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Typically, <span class="_ _4"></span>multilevel <span class="_ _4"></span>inverters<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _4"></span>requires <span class="_ _4"></span>a <span class="_ _4"></span>higher <span class="_ _0"></span>dc<span class="_ _0"></span>-link <span class="_ _4"></span>voltage <span class="_ _3"></span>which <span class="_ _0"></span>is <span class="_ _4"></span>up <span class="_ _4"></span>to <span class="_ _4"></span>two <span class="_ _0"></span>ti<span class="_ _0"></span>mes <span class="_ _0"></span>t<span class="_ _0"></span>he <span class="_ _4"></span>peak <span class="_ _4"></span>of <span class="_ _4"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>ac <span class="_ _4"></span>voltage </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y57 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">output. <span class="_ _4"></span>Fig. <span class="_ _4"></span>3 <span class="_ _4"></span>and <span class="_ _4"></span>T<span class="_ _0"></span>able <span class="_ _0"></span>I <span class="_ _4"></span>s<span class="_ _0"></span>ummarizes <span class="_ _4"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>magnitude <span class="_ _4"></span>and <span class="_ _4"></span>level<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _4"></span>of <span class="_ _0"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>o<span class="_ _0"></span>utput <span class="_ _4"></span>voltage <span class="_ _4"></span>in <span class="_ _4"></span>p.u. <span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls3">of</span> <span class="_ _4"></span>some <span class="_ _4"></span>of <span class="_ _4"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>topologies <span class="_ _3"></span>of </div><div class="t m0 xd h24 y272 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fig. <span class="_ _4"></span>2 <span class="_ _3"></span>for <span class="_ _3"></span>a <span class="_ _3"></span>given <span class="_ _3"></span><span class="ls3">dc</span>-link <span class="_ _3"></span>voltage<span class="ffc">󰇛</span></div><div class="t m0 x3c h25 y273 ffc fs18 fc0 sc0 ls1b ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x36 h24 y272 ffc fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _c"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _9"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _9"></span>󰇜<span class="ff2 ls1">. <span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls0">I<span class="_ _0"></span>t <span class="_ _4"></span>sho<span class="_ _0"></span>ws <span class="_ _4"></span>that<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _3"></span><span class="ls3">dc</span>-link <span class="_ _3"></span>voltage <span class="_ _3"></span>utilization <span class="_ _4"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>s <span class="_ _3"></span>increased <span class="_ _3"></span>by <span class="_ _3"></span>moving <span class="_ _3"></span>fro<span class="_ _0"></span>m </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y274 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mid-<span class="ff9">point <span class="_ _4"></span>clamped <span class="_ _4"></span>topolo<span class="_ _0"></span>gies <span class="_ _4"></span>(≤50%<span class="_ _0"></span></span> <span class="_ _4"></span>in <span class="_ _0"></span>Fig. <span class="_ _4"></span>2 <span class="_ _4"></span>(a, <span class="_ _4"></span>b, <span class="_ _4"></span>c, <span class="_ _4"></span>g, <span class="_ _4"></span>and <span class="_ _0"></span>h)<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff9">) <span class="_ _4"></span>to <span class="_ _4"></span>hybrid <span class="_ _4"></span>cla<span class="_ _0"></span>mped <span class="_ _0"></span>to<span class="_ _0"></span>pologies <span class="_ _0"></span>(≤<span class="_ _0"></span>75%<span class="_ _0"></span></span> <span class="_ _4"></span>in <span class="_ _4"></span>Fig. <span class="_ _0"></span>2 <span class="_ _4"></span>(f)<span class="_ _0"></span>)<span class="ls1">. <span class="_ _4"></span></span>For </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y275 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">many <span class="_ _9"> </span>applications <span class="_ _7"> </span>(e.g. <span class="_ _9"> </span>a <span class="_ _7"> </span>grid<span class="_ _0"></span>-connected <span class="_ _7"> </span>PV <span class="_ _9"> </span>system)<span class="ls1">, <span class="_ _9"> </span></span>the<span class="_ _0"></span>se <span class="_ _9"> </span>circuits <span class="_ _7"> </span>may <span class="_ _9"> </span>require <span class="_ _7"> </span>an <span class="_ _9"> </span>ad<span class="_ _0"></span>ditional <span class="_ _9"> </span>front<span class="_ _0"></span>-end <span class="_ _9"> </span>bo<span class="_ _0"></span>ost <span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="ls3">dc</span>-dc </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y276 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">converter<span class="ls1">, </span>or string <span class="_ _5"></span>of series-connected PV modules to raise th<span class="_ _5"></span>e dc-link voltage (e.g. up to 800 V <span class="_ _5"></span>for connection to a 40<span class="_ _5"></span>0 V </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y277 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">grid)<span class="ls1">. <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls0">Examples <span class="_ _6"></span>of <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _5"></span>front-end<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls3">dc<span class="ls0">-link <span class="_ _6"></span>supply <span class="_ _6"></span>for <span class="_ _6"></span>so<span class="_ _0"></span>me <span class="_ _6"></span>of <span class="_ _6"></span>the <span class="_ _6"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>mmon <span class="_ _6"></span>multilevel <span class="_ _6"></span>converte<span class="_ _0"></span>rs <span class="_ _6"></span>are given <span class="_ _6"></span>in <span class="_ _6"></span>Fig. <span class="_ _6"></span>4. <span class="_ _6"></span>In <span class="_ _6"></span>genera<span class="_ _0"></span>l, </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y278 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">these multi-stage power conversion appro<span class="_ _0"></span>aches reduce system efficiency and reliability, whilst in<span class="_ _5"></span>creasing the size and cost </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y279 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">of the system. <span class="ls1c">In<span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls0"> the ca<span class="_ _0"></span>se of a PV system, the additional boost stage can be eliminated by connecting PV modules<span class="_ _0"></span> in series </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y27a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">strings <span class="_ _3"></span>to <span class="_ _3"></span>produce <span class="_ _3"></span>a <span class="_ _3"></span>higher <span class="_ _3"></span>dc-link <span class="_ _3"></span>voltage, <span class="_ _3"></span>ho<span class="_ _0"></span>wever <span class="_ _3"></span>this <span class="_ _3"></span>potentially <span class="_ _3"></span>reduces <span class="_ _3"></span>energy <span class="_ _3"></span>yiel<span class="_ _0"></span>d<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _3"></span>due <span class="_ _3"></span>to <span class="_ _3"></span>mismatch <span class="_ _4"></span>b<span class="_ _0"></span>etween <span class="_ _3"></span>the </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y27b ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">modules (e.g. <span class="_ _0"></span>as a <span class="_ _0"></span>result o<span class="_ _0"></span>f s<span class="_ _0"></span>hading) <span class="_ _0"></span>which <span class="_ _0"></span>will tend <span class="_ _0"></span>to <span class="_ _0"></span>offset the <span class="_ _0"></span>improved <span class="_ _0"></span>converter <span class="_ _0"></span>efficiency<span class="_ _0"></span>. T<span class="_ _0"></span>herefore, <span class="_ _0"></span>a single<span class="_ _0"></span>-stage </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y27c ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">dc<span class="ls0">-ac power converter with bo<span class="_ _0"></span>ost capabilities of<span class="_ _0"></span>fers an interesting alter<span class="_ _0"></span>native compared to<span class="_ _0"></span> two<span class="_ _0"></span>-stage ap<span class="_ _0"></span>proach [1<span class="_ _0"></span>3]. </span></div></div><div class="c xd y27d w5 h26"><div class="t m4 x11f h27 y27e ffd fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">θ</div><div class="t m4 x37 h28 y27f ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2<span class="ffd ls1d">π </span></div><div class="t m4 x19 h27 y280 ffd fs19 fc0 sc0 ls1e ws0">π </div><div class="t m4 x21 h28 y281 ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">0</div><div class="t m4 x100 h29 y282 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">L<span class="_ _5"></span>e<span class="_ _0"></span>ve<span class="_ _6"></span>l </div><div class="t m4 x120 h29 y283 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">C<span class="_ _5"></span>onv<span class="_ _5"></span>e<span class="_ _0"></span>nt<span class="_ _6"></span>io<span class="_ _0"></span>na<span class="_ _6"></span>l</div><div class="t m4 x121 h29 y284 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">P<span class="_ _5"></span>r<span class="_ _0"></span>op<span class="_ _6"></span>o<span class="_ _0"></span>se<span class="_ _5"></span>d</div><div class="t m4 x103 h29 y285 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mid<span class="_ _5"></span>-p<span class="_ _5"></span>o<span class="_ _0"></span>in<span class="_ _6"></span>t cl<span class="_ _0"></span>am<span class="_ _6"></span>ped <span class="_ _6"></span> <span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _6"></span> <span class="_ _0"></span> Hy<span class="_ _6"></span>b<span class="_ _0"></span>rid<span class="_ _6"></span> <span class="_ _0"></span>activ<span class="_ _6"></span>e<span class="_ _0"></span>-clam<span class="_ _5"></span>ped</div><div class="t m4 xf4 h29 y286 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1/6</div><div class="t m4 xf4 h29 y287 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1/3</div><div class="t m4 xf4 h29 y288 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1/2</div><div class="t m4 x122 h29 y289 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1/6</div><div class="t m4 x122 h29 y28a ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1/3</div><div class="t m4 x122 h29 y28b ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1/2</div><div class="t m4 x5e h29 y286 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1/4</div><div class="t m4 x5e h29 y287 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1/2</div><div class="t m4 x123 h29 y28c ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+3/4</div><div class="t m4 x124 h29 y28d ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1/4</div><div class="t m4 x124 h29 y28a ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1/2</div><div class="t m4 x124 h29 y28b ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-3/4</div><div class="t m4 x125 h29 y28e ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1/4</div><div class="t m4 x125 h29 y28f ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1/2</div><div class="t m4 x126 h29 y28c ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1</div><div class="t m4 x127 h29 y28d ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1/4</div><div class="t m4 x127 h29 y28a ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1/2</div><div class="t m4 x128 h29 y28b ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1</div><div class="t m4 xa0 h29 y290 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">T<span class="fs1a">ABLE</span> <span class="_ _5"></span>I</div><div class="t m4 x98 h29 y291 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">D<span class="fs1b">IF<span class="_ _5"></span>F<span class="_ _0"></span>ERENT<span class="fs19"> <span class="_ _5"></span>7-<span class="fs1b">LE<span class="_ _5"></span>VEL<span class="fs19"> I</span>NVERTERS<span class="fs19"> </span><span class="ls1f">AND<span class="_ _6"></span><span class="fs19 ls0"> <span class="fs1b">ITS</span> O<span class="fs1b">UTP<span class="_ _6"></span>U<span class="_ _0"></span>T<span class="fs19"> V</span>OLTAGE<span class="_ _5"></span><span class="fs19"> L<span class="fs1b">EVEL<span class="_ _5"></span>S<span class="fs19"> (</span>P<span class="fs19">.</span>U<span class="fs19">.).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m4 x4d h29 y292 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(F<span class="_ _5"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>g<span class="ls20">. <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls21">2 <span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls0">(a<span class="ls20">, <span class="_ _5"></span><span class="ls0">b<span class="ls20">, <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls0">c<span class="ls20">, </span>g<span class="ls20">, <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls0">h<span class="ls22">)) </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m4 x129 h29 y293 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(F<span class="_ _5"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>g<span class="ls20">. <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls21">2 <span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls0">(f<span class="ls22">)) </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m4 x12a h29 y292 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(F<span class="_ _5"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>g<span class="ls20">. <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls23">4 <span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls0">(a<span class="ls22">)) </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m4 x12b h28 y294 ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m4 xba h2a y295 ff5 fs1c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1</div><div class="t m4 x12b h28 y296 ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m4 xba h2a y297 ff5 fs1c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m4 x12b h28 y298 ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m4 xba h2a y299 ff5 fs1c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m4 x12b h28 y29a ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m4 xba h2a y29b ff5 fs1c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m4 x12b h28 y29c ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m4 xba h2a y29d ff5 fs1c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5</div><div class="t m4 x12b h28 y29e ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m4 xba h2a y29f ff5 fs1c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m4 xfb h28 y2a0 ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m4 x101 h2a y2a1 ff5 fs1c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1</div><div class="t m4 xfb h28 y2a2 ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m4 x101 h2a y2a3 ff5 fs1c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m4 xfb h28 y2a4 ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m4 x101 h2a y2a5 ff5 fs1c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="t m4 xfb h28 y2a6 ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m4 x101 h2a y2a7 ff5 fs1c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="t m4 xfb h28 y2a8 ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m4 x101 h2a y2a9 ff5 fs1c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5</div><div class="t m4 xfb h28 y2aa ff5 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m4 x101 h2a y2ab ff5 fs1c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6</div><div class="t m5 x12c h2b y2ac ff5 fs1d fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">U</div><div class="t m5 x12d h2c y2ad ff5 fs1e fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">X0 </div><div class="t m5 x12c h2b y2ae ff5 fs1d fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(p.u<span class="ls24">.)</span></div><div class="t m4 x99 h29 y2af ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(F<span class="_ _5"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>g<span class="ls20">. <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls23">2 <span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls0">(e<span class="ls22">)) </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m4 x12e h29 y2b0 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1/6</div><div class="t m4 x12e h29 y2b1 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1/3</div><div class="t m4 xf h29 y2b2 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1/2</div><div class="t m4 x12f h29 y2b3 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1/6</div><div class="t m4 x12f h29 y2b4 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1/3</div><div class="t m4 x12f h29 y2b5 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1/2</div><div class="t m4 x130 h29 y293 ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(F<span class="_ _5"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>g<span class="ls20">. <span class="_ _6"></span><span class="ls23">2 <span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls0">(d<span class="ls22">)) </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m4 xe7 h29 y28e ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1/4</div><div class="t m4 xe7 h29 y28f ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1/2</div><div class="t m4 x9a h29 y28c ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">+1</div><div class="t m4 xa0 h29 y28d ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1/4</div><div class="t m4 xa0 h29 y28a ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1/2</div><div class="t m4 x5a h29 y28b ff2 fs19 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">-1</div></div><div class="c x0 y4 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x131 h2d y2b6 ff3 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x86 h23 y2b7 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fig. 3. Output vo<span class="_ _5"></span>ltage leve<span class="_ _5"></span>ls of different seve<span class="_ _5"></span>n-level inverter topolo<span class="_ _5"></span>gies (for<span class="ffc"></span></div><div class="t m0 x73 h2e y2b8 ffc fs1f fc0 sc0 ls25 ws0"><span class="ls0"></span></div><div class="t m0 x132 h23 y2b7 ffc fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _7"></span></div><div class="t m0 x133 h2e y2b8 ffc fs1f fc0 sc0 ls26 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x51 h23 y2b7 ffc fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _8"></span><span class="_"> </span>󰇜<span class="ff2">. </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y2b9 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="c x41 y2ba w6 h2f"><div class="t m6 x111 h30 y2bb ff2 fs20 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fron<span class="_ _5"></span>t-end </div><div class="t m6 xd5 h30 y2bc ff2 fs20 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">step-u<span class="_ _5"></span>p d<span class="_ _5"></span>c-dc </div><div class="t m6 x7d h30 y2bd ff2 fs20 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">convert<span class="_ _6"></span>er</div><div class="t m6 x134 h31 y2be ff5 fs21 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=</div><div class="t m6 xe h32 y2bf ff5 fs22 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=</div><div class="t m6 x135 h31 y2c0 ff5 fs21 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=</div><div class="t m6 xb7 h33 y2c1 ff5 fs20 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m6 x136 h34 y2c2 ff5 fs23 fc0 sc0 ls27 ws0">in</div><div class="t m7 x2f h35 y2c3 ff5 fs24 fc0 sc0 ls28 ws0">Dc<span class="ls0">-link</span></div><div class="t m6 x2b h36 y2c4 ff5 fs25 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m6 x11 h34 y2c5 ff5 fs23 fc0 sc0 ls27 ws0">in<span class="ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m6 x2f h36 y2c4 ff5 fs25 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><V</div><div class="t m6 xcc h34 y2c5 ff5 fs23 fc0 sc0 ls29 ws0">dc<span class="ls0">-link </span></div><div class="t m6 x137 h36 y2c4 ff5 fs25 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m6 xbf h30 y2c6 ff2 fs20 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">NPC <span class="_ _5"></span>/ANP<span class="_ _6"></span>C</div><div class="t m6 xa5 h31 y2c7 ff5 fs21 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=</div><div class="t m7 xb5 h35 y2c3 ff5 fs24 fc0 sc0 ls28 ws0">Dc<span class="ls0">-link</span></div><div class="t m6 x4f h33 y2c8 ff5 fs20 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m6 x9d h34 y2c9 ff5 fs23 fc0 sc0 ls29 ws0">dc<span class="ls0">-link </span></div><div class="t m6 x10e h33 y2c8 ff5 fs20 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> =<span class="ffd ls2a">∑ </span></div><div class="t m6 x1a h33 y2ca ff5 fs20 fc0 sc0 ls2b ws0">PV</div><div class="t m6 x1a h36 y2cb ff5 fs25 fc0 sc0 ls2c ws0">PV</div><div class="t m6 x1a h36 y2cc ff5 fs25 fc0 sc0 ls2c ws0">PV</div><div class="t m6 x55 h33 y2cd ff5 fs20 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m6 x63 h34 y2ce ff5 fs23 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pvn</div><div class="t m6 x9c h36 y2cf ff5 fs25 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m6 x32 h37 y2d0 ff5 fs26 fc0 sc0 ls2d ws0">pv<span class="ls0">1</span></div><div class="t m6 x9c h33 y2d1 ff5 fs20 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m6 x32 h34 y2d2 ff5 fs23 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pvn</div><div class="t m6 x9c h33 y2d3 ff5 fs20 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m6 x32 h34 y2d4 ff5 fs23 fc0 sc0 ls29 ws0">pv<span class="ls0">2</span></div><div class="t m6 x68 h30 y2c6 ff2 fs20 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">NPC <span class="_ _5"></span>/ANP<span class="_ _6"></span>C</div></div><div class="c x0 y4 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x138 h4 y2d5 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x139 h6 y2d6 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(a)<span class="ffe"> <span class="_ _e"> </span></span> <span class="_ _5"></span> <span class="_ _5"></span> <span class="_ _5"></span> (b) </div></div><div class="t m0 xe hc y35 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Downloaded from https://iranpaper.ir</div><div class="t m0 xf hd y36 ffb fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">https://www.tarjomano.com/order</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/624fe26674bc5c01055509dd/bg5.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">0885-8993 (c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc3 sc0">This articl</span>e has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information<span class="fc3 sc0">: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2897061, IEEE</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Transactions on Power Electronics</div><div class="c x0 y4 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y5 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5 </div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y6 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div></div><div class="c x15 y2d7 w7 h38"><div class="t m8 xbd h39 y2d8 ff5 fs27 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=</div><div class="t m8 xb7 h3a y2d9 ff5 fs28 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m8 x13a h3b y2da ff5 fs29 fc0 sc0 ls2e ws0">in</div><div class="t m9 xd3 h3c y2db ff5 fs2a fc0 sc0 ls2f ws0">Dc<span class="ls0">-link</span></div><div class="t m8 x2 h3a y2dc ff5 fs28 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V</div><div class="t m8 xe2 h3d y2dd ff5 fs2b fc0 sc0 ls30 ws0">in<span class="ls0"> </span></div><div class="t m8 x13b h3a y2dc ff5 fs28 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><V</div><div class="t m8 x110 h3d y2dd ff5 fs2b fc0 sc0 ls31 ws0">dc<span class="ls0">-link </span></div><div class="t m8 x79 h3a y2dc ff5 fs28 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m8 xdf h3e y2de ff2 fs2c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1:n</div><div class="t m8 xc2 h3e y2df ff2 fs2c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Line f<span class="_ _6"></span>requency </div><div class="t m8 x112 h3f y2e0 ff2 fs28 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">step-u<span class="_ _6"></span>p<span class="_ _0"></span> tra<span class="_ _5"></span>nsformer</div><div class="t m8 x63 h39 y2e1 ff8 fs27 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">=</div><div class="t m8 x9f h3f y2e2 ff2 fs28 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">CHB <span class="_ _6"></span>an<span class="_ _0"></span>d so<span class="_ _5"></span>me </div><div class="t m8 x13c h3e y2e3 ff2 fs2c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">hybri<span class="_ _6"></span>d<span class="_ _0"></span> top<span class="_ _5"></span>ologies</div><div class="t m8 x13d h3f y2e4 ff2 fs28 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Diod<span class="_ _5"></span>e bridge </div><div class="t m8 x13e h3e y2e5 ff2 fs2c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">or act<span class="_ _5"></span>ive rect<span class="_ _6"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>fier</div><div class="t m8 x11f h3f y2e6 ff2 fs28 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mul<span class="_ _5"></span>ti-</div><div class="t m8 x13f h3f y2e7 ff2 fs28 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">wind<span class="_ _5"></span>ing </div><div class="t m8 x35 h3e y2e8 ff2 fs2c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tran<span class="_ _5"></span>sformer</div><div class="t m8 x11f h3e y2e9 ff2 fs2c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(3-<span class="ls32">ph</span>)</div><div class="t m8 x11c h3e y2ea ff2 fs2c fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">NPC /<span class="_ _5"></span>ANP<span class="_ _5"></span>C</div></div><div class="c x0 y4 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x140 h6 y2eb ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y2ec ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _5"></span> <span class="_ _5"></span> (c) <span class="_ _5"></span> <span class="_ _5"></span> <span class="_ _5"></span> (d) </div><div class="t m0 x5 h23 y2ed ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fig. 4. Exam<span class="_ _5"></span>ples of fro<span class="_ _5"></span>nt end dc-link <span class="_ _5"></span>supply for<span class="_ _5"></span> some of the co<span class="_ _5"></span>mmon multi<span class="_ _5"></span>level converte<span class="_ _5"></span>rs: (a) using<span class="_ _5"></span> a front-end step-up dc-dc <span class="_ _5"></span>converter, w<span class="_ _6"></span>h<span class="_ _0"></span>en <span class="_ _5"></span><span class="ffc"></span></div><div class="t m0 x141 h2e y2ee ffc fs1f fc0 sc0 ls33 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x142 h23 y2ed ffc fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xd h23 y2ef ffc fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x29 h2e y2f0 ffc fs1f fc0 sc0 ls25 ws0"><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls0"></span></div><div class="t m0 xd1 h23 y2ef ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">, (b) <span class="_ _6"></span>connecting PV<span class="_ _5"></span> module<span class="_ _5"></span>s in <span class="_ _5"></span>series <span class="_ _6"></span>(string), whe<span class="_ _5"></span>re,<span class="ffc"></span></div><div class="t m0 x91 h2e y2f0 ffc fs1f fc0 sc0 ls25 ws0"><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls0"></span></div><div class="t m0 x8b h23 y2ef ffc fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x143 h23 y2f1 ffc fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x9c h23 y2ef ffc fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x144 h2e y2f0 ffc fs1f fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x6c h23 y2ef ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">, (c) <span class="_ _6"></span>using <span class="ls34">a </span>line<span class="_ _5"></span> frequency<span class="_ _5"></span> step-up <span class="_ _6"></span>transformer at<span class="_ _5"></span> the <span class="_ _5"></span>output, <span class="_ _6"></span>when<span class="ffc"></span></div><div class="t m0 x141 h2e y2f0 ffc fs1f fc0 sc0 ls33 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x142 h23 y2ef ffc fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xd h23 y2f2 ffc fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x29 h2e y2f3 ffc fs1f fc0 sc0 ls25 ws0"><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls0"></span></div><div class="t m0 xd1 h6 y2f2 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">, (d) <span class="_ _5"></span>using <span class="ls34">a </span>multi-w<span class="_ _6"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>nding tra<span class="_ _5"></span>nsformer <span class="_ _5"></span>and diode-bridge <span class="_ _5"></span>(multi-pulse<span class="_ _5"></span>) or <span class="_ _5"></span>active-rectifier<span class="_ _5"></span> for <span class="_ _5"></span>CHB (isolated) <span class="_ _5"></span>and so<span class="_ _5"></span>me hy<span class="_ _5"></span>brid topolo<span class="_ _5"></span>gies (isol<span class="_ _5"></span>ated </div><div class="t m0 xd h6 y2f4 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">or non-isolated). </div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y2f5 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x11 h7 y2f6 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">The <span class="_ _3"></span>ANPC <span class="_ _4"></span>a<span class="_ _0"></span>nd <span class="_ _3"></span>some <span class="_ _3"></span>hybrid <span class="_ _3"></span>topolo<span class="_ _0"></span>gies, <span class="_ _3"></span>which <span class="_ _4"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>mbine <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>ncept <span class="_ _4"></span>o<span class="_ _0"></span>f <span class="_ _3"></span>NPC, <span class="_ _4"></span>F<span class="_ _0"></span>C <span class="_ _4"></span>and<span class="_ _0"></span>/or <span class="_ _3"></span>CHB <span class="_ _3"></span>have <span class="_ _4"></span>r<span class="_ _0"></span>eceived <span class="_ _3"></span>more </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2f7 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">attention in recent ti<span class="_ _0"></span>mes for <span class="_ _0"></span>medium power applications as t<span class="_ _0"></span>hey retain most of the ad<span class="_ _0"></span>vantages of the par<span class="_ _0"></span>ent topologies <span class="_ _4"></span>[8]- </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2f8 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">[9], [12], [14] and <span class="_ _0"></span>[22]-[23]<span class="ls1">. </span>However<span class="ls1">, </span>they still require <span class="_ _0"></span>a large number of active and passive co<span class="_ _0"></span>mponents and<span class="_ _0"></span> a higher dc-</div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2f9 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">link <span class="_ _0"></span>volta<span class="_ _0"></span>ge <span class="_ _4"></span>as <span class="_ _4"></span>shown <span class="_ _4"></span>in <span class="_ _4"></span>Fi<span class="_ _0"></span>g. <span class="_ _4"></span>3 <span class="_ _4"></span><span class="lse">an</span>d <span class="_ _4"></span>Fig. <span class="_ _4"></span>4. <span class="_ _4"></span>T<span class="_ _0"></span>hese <span class="_ _0"></span>disad<span class="_ _0"></span>vantages <span class="_ _4"></span>present <span class="_ _4"></span>a <span class="_ _4"></span>challen<span class="_ _0"></span>ge <span class="_ _0"></span>in <span class="_ _3"></span>terms <span class="_ _0"></span>of <span class="_ _4"></span>develop<span class="_ _0"></span>ing <span class="_ _0"></span>a<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _4"></span>ne<span class="_ _0"></span>w <span class="_ _0"></span>po<span class="_ _0"></span>wer </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2fa ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">circuit <span class="_ _3"></span>which <span class="_ _3"></span>is <span class="_ _3"></span>more <span class="_ _3"></span>attractive <span class="_ _3"></span>than <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _3"></span>classical <span class="_ _3"></span>topolo<span class="_ _0"></span>gies <span class="_ _3"></span>in <span class="_ _3"></span>terms <span class="_ _3"></span>o<span class="_ _0"></span>f <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _3"></span>number <span class="_ _3"></span>of <span class="_ _3"></span>components <span class="_ _3"></span>and <span class="_ _3"></span>dc<span class="_ _0"></span>-link <span class="_ _3"></span>voltage </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2fb ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">requirements. <span class="_ _c"> </span>Co<span class="_ _0"></span>nsidering <span class="_ _c"> </span>this <span class="_ _c"> </span>aspect, <span class="_ _f"> </span>a <span class="_ _c"> </span>novel <span class="_ _c"> </span>eight<span class="_ _0"></span>-s<span class="_ _0"></span>witch <span class="_ _c"> </span>seven-level <span class="_ _c"> </span>b<span class="_ _0"></span>oost-ANP<span class="_ _0"></span>C <span class="_ _c"> </span>inverter <span class="_ _c"> </span>(7L<span class="_ _0"></span>-Boost-ANP<span class="_ _0"></span>C) <span class="_ _c"> </span>is </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2fc ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">investigated <span class="_ _6"></span> in<span class="_ _5"></span> <span class="_ _6"></span>this <span class="_ _6"></span>pap<span class="_ _0"></span>er <span class="_ _6"></span>and <span class="_ _6"></span>discussed f<span class="_ _5"></span>or <span class="_ _5"></span>general-purpose <span class="_ _5"></span>applications <span class="_ _6"></span>(<span class="_ _0"></span>e.g. <span class="_ _6"></span>rolling <span class="_ _5"></span>mills, <span class="_ _6"></span>fans, <span class="_ _6"></span>pu<span class="_ _0"></span>mps, <span class="_ _5"></span>marine <span class="_ _6"></span>appliances, </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2fd ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mining, traction, <span class="_ _6"></span>a<span class="_ _0"></span>nd <span class="lse">a <span class="_ _5"></span><span class="ls0">grid-connected renewable energy, <span class="_ _5"></span>etc.), which <span class="_ _5"></span>reduces the <span class="_ _5"></span>dc<span class="_ _0"></span>-link voltage <span class="_ _5"></span>requirement to <span class="_ _5"></span>half of <span class="_ _6"></span>the </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y2fe ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">conventional multilevel i<span class="_ _0"></span>nverter <span class="_ _0"></span>family, whilst reducing both active a<span class="_ _0"></span>nd passive co<span class="_ _0"></span>mponents. <span class="_ _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x11 h7 y2ff ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">The <span class="_ _3"></span>paper <span class="_ _3"></span>is <span class="_ _3"></span>organized <span class="_ _3"></span>as <span class="_ _3"></span>follo<span class="_ _0"></span>ws: <span class="_ _3"></span>Section <span class="_ _4"></span>I<span class="_ _0"></span>I <span class="_ _3"></span>presents <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _3"></span>concept<span class="_ _4"></span> <span class="_ _3"></span>and <span class="_ _3"></span>analysis <span class="_ _3"></span>of <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _3"></span>7<span class="_ _0"></span>L-ABNPC <span class="_ _3"></span>followed <span class="_ _3"></span>b<span class="_ _0"></span>y <span class="_ _4"></span>its<span class="_ _0"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y300 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">principle <span class="_ _6"></span>of <span class="_ _6"></span>operatio<span class="_ _0"></span>n <span class="_ _6"></span>in <span class="_ _6"></span>Section <span class="_ _6"></span>III. <span class="_ _6"></span>A <span class="_ _6"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>mprehensive <span class="_ _6"></span>comparison <span class="_ _5"></span>with <span class="_ _6"></span>design <span class="_ _6"></span>rules <span class="_ _6"></span>and <span class="_ _6"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>mponents <span class="_ _6"></span>selection are <span class="_ _6"></span>presented </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y301 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">in Section <span class="_ _0"></span>IV. <span class="_ _0"></span>Simulations <span class="_ _0"></span>and <span class="_ _0"></span>experi<span class="_ _0"></span>mental results <span class="_ _0"></span>of <span class="_ _0"></span>the <span class="_ _0"></span>2<span class="_ _0"></span>.2 <span class="_ _0"></span>kVA s<span class="_ _0"></span>ingle-phase <span class="_ _0"></span>proto<span class="_ _0"></span>type are <span class="_ _0"></span>finall<span class="_ _0"></span>y pro<span class="_ _0"></span>vided in <span class="_ _0"></span>Sectio<span class="_ _0"></span>n </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y302 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V for verification, and the p<span class="_ _0"></span>aper is concluded in Sect<span class="_ _0"></span>ion VI. <span class="_ _4"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x36 he y303 ff6 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0">II.<span class="ff7 ls0"> <span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff6">C<span class="fs9">IRCUIT </span>D<span class="fs9">ESCRIPTION<span class="_ _0"></span></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h7 y304 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">The <span class="_ _4"></span>phase <span class="_ _4"></span>leg <span class="_ _4"></span>of <span class="_ _4"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>new <span class="_ _4"></span>seven<span class="_ _0"></span>-level <span class="_ _4"></span>boost<span class="_ _0"></span>-ANPC <span class="_ _4"></span>inverter <span class="_ _4"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>nsists <span class="_ _0"></span>o<span class="_ _0"></span>f <span class="_ _0"></span>ei<span class="_ _0"></span>ght <span class="_ _4"></span>power <span class="_ _4"></span>switches <span class="_ _4"></span>a<span class="_ _0"></span>nd <span class="_ _4"></span>four <span class="_ _0"></span>cap<span class="_ _0"></span>acitors. <span class="_ _4"></span>A </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y305 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">schematic <span class="_ _4"></span>o<span class="_ _0"></span>f <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>p<span class="_ _0"></span>hase-leg <span class="_ _3"></span>of <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>nverter <span class="_ _4"></span>is <span class="_ _3"></span>s<span class="_ _0"></span>hown <span class="_ _4"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>n <span class="_ _4"></span>Fi<span class="_ _0"></span>g. <span class="_ _3"></span>5(a)<span class="_ _0"></span>, <span class="_ _3"></span>wh<span class="_ _5"></span>ere <span class="_ _3"></span>S</div><div class="t m0 x145 h40 y306 ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls35 ws0">X1</div><div class="t m0 x57 h7 y305 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">, <span class="_ _4"></span>S</div><div class="t m0 x99 h40 y306 ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls35 ws0">X2</div><div class="t m0 x61 h41 y305 ff9 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">, <span class="_ _3"></span>…, <span class="_ _4"></span>S</div><div class="t m0 x129 h40 y306 ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls35 ws0">X8</div><div class="t m0 x6d h24 y305 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _3"></span>(X <span class="_ _3"></span><span class="ffc"></span> <span class="_ _4"></span>(R, <span class="_ _3"></span>Y, <span class="_ _3"></span>B) <span class="_ _3"></span>phases) <span class="_ _4"></span>are <span class="_ _3"></span>the </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y307 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">switching <span class="_ _6"></span>d<span class="_ _0"></span>evices. The <span class="_ _6"></span>co<span class="_ _0"></span>rresponding <span class="_ _5"></span>modulating <span class="_ _6"></span>and switching <span class="_ _5"></span>signals <span class="_ _5"></span>are s<span class="_ _5"></span>hown <span class="_ _6"></span>i<span class="_ _0"></span>n <span class="_ _5"></span>Fig. 5 <span class="_ _6"></span>(b<span class="_ _0"></span>). <span class="_ _6"></span> Am<span class="_ _5"></span>ong the <span class="_ _6"></span>eight <span class="_ _5"></span>switches<span class="_ _0"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y308 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">two switches <span class="_ _0"></span>(S</div><div class="t m0 x20 h40 y309 ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls35 ws0">X3</div><div class="t m0 x11a h7 y308 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> & S</div><div class="t m0 x48 h40 y309 ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls36 ws0">X8</div><div class="t m0 xea h7 y308 ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">) are <span class="_ _0"></span>devices <span class="_ _0"></span>with a <span class="_ _0"></span>bipolar <span class="_ _0"></span>voltage b<span class="_ _0"></span>locking capability<span class="_ _0"></span> a<span class="_ _0"></span>nd unipolar<span class="_ _0"></span> controllab<span class="_ _0"></span>ility, e.<span class="_ _0"></span>g. <span class="lse">a <span class="_ _0"></span></span>reverse </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y30a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">blocking IGBT (RB-IGBT) or <span class="_ _6"></span>an IGBT/MOSFET<span class="_ _0"></span> w<span class="_ _6"></span>it<span class="_ _0"></span>h a <span class="_ _5"></span>series diode, and <span class="_ _5"></span>the oth<span class="_ _5"></span>er six <span class="_ _5"></span><span class="ls2">(S</span></div><div class="t m0 x132 h40 y30b ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls35 ws0">X1</div><div class="t m0 x146 h7 y30a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">, S</div><div class="t m0 x77 h40 y30b ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls35 ws0">X2</div><div class="t m0 xab h7 y30a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">, S</div><div class="t m0 x53 h40 y30b ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls35 ws0">X4</div><div class="t m0 x147 h7 y30a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">, <span class="ls0">S</span></div><div class="t m0 x148 h40 y30b ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls35 ws0">X5</div><div class="t m0 x149 h7 y30a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">, S</div><div class="t m0 x14a h40 y30b ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls35 ws0">X6</div><div class="t m0 x14b h7 y30a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> and <span class="_ _5"></span>S</div><div class="t m0 x14c h40 y30b ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls35 ws0">X7</div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y30a ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">) are </div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y30c ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">standard reverse-conducting unipolar voltage devices, such <span class="_ _5"></span>as a MOSFET/IGBT. Similar <span class="_ _5"></span>to the <span class="_ _5"></span>conve<span class="_ _0"></span>ntional 7L-NPC, 7L-</div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y30d ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ANPC <span class="_ _4"></span>and <span class="_ _3"></span>7L-FC <span class="_ _4"></span>topologies, <span class="_ _3"></span>the <span class="_ _4"></span>dc<span class="_ _0"></span>-link <span class="_ _4"></span>consists <span class="_ _4"></span>of <span class="_ _4"></span>t<span class="_ _0"></span>wo <span class="_ _4"></span>series<span class="_ _0"></span>-connected <span class="_ _4"></span>ca<span class="_ _0"></span>pacitors <span class="_ _4"></span>C</div><div class="t m0 x14d h40 y30e ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1</div><div class="t m0 x14e h7 y30d ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _4"></span>and <span class="_ _3"></span>C</div><div class="t m0 xae h40 y30e ff2 fs2d fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x14f h7 y30d ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">, <span class="_ _4"></span>whose <span class="_ _3"></span>rated <span class="_ _4"></span>voltages <span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls37">is</span> </div></div><div class="t m0 xe hc y35 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Downloaded from https://iranpaper.ir</div><div class="t m0 xf hd y36 ffb fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">https://www.tarjomano.com/order</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>