基于51单片机的计算器Proteus仿真.rar_单片机_单片机开发

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="generator" content="pdf2htmlEX"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/base.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/fancy.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/626c68237ae5df2aa734f634/raw.css"> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/compatibility.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/pdf2htmlEX.min.js"></script> <script> try{ pdf2htmlEX.defaultViewer = new pdf2htmlEX.Viewer({}); }catch(e){} </script> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="sidebar" style="display: none"> <div id="outline"> </div> </div> <div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/626c68237ae5df2aa734f634/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">I</div><div class="c x0 y2 w2 h3"><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y3 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">目 录</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y4 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">第一章总体方案及设计.............................................................................................................................3</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y5 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.1 设计目的.......................................................................................................................................3</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y6 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.2 设计任务.......................................................................................................................................3</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y7 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.3 设计思路.......................................................................................................................................3</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y8 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.3.1 方案构思............................................................................................................................3</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y9 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.3.2 方案比较与选择................................................................................................................4</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 ya ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.3.3 系统总体模块图................................................................................................................4</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 yb ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">第二章 系统硬件设计................................................................................................................................5</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 yc ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.1 主控模块设计.......................................................................................................................5</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 yd ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.2 键盘输入模块设计.....................................................................................................................11</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 ye ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.3 LCD 显示模块设计....................................................................................................................12</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 yf ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.3.1 LCD1602 主要技术参数.................................................................................................13</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y10 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.3.2 引脚功能说明..................................................................................................................13</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y11 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.4 清零、音乐开关、开方和多次方运算功能模块设计............................................................14</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y12 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.5 电源模块设计.............................................................................................................................15</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y13 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.6 运算模块（单片机控制）.........................................................................................................16</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y14 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">第三章 软件设计......................................................................................................................................17</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y15 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.1 显示程序设计.............................................................................................................................17</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y16 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.2 键扫程序设计.............................................................................................................................17</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y17 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.3 清零程序设计.............................................................................................................................18</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y18 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.4 声音开关程序设计.....................................................................................................................20</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y19 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.5 总体设计.....................................................................................................................................21</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y1a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">第四章 系统仿真......................................................................................................................................23</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1b ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.1 Proteus 仿真................................................................................................................................23</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y1c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">第五章 系统调试......................................................................................................................................28</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1d ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.1 问题与分析.................................................................................................................................28</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y1e ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.1.1 硬件常见故障..................................................................................................................28</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y1f ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.1.2 软件调试..........................................................................................................................28</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y20 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">第六章 总结与展望..................................................................................................................................31</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y21 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6.1 总结.............................................................................................................................................31</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y22 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">6.2 展望.............................................................................................................................................31</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y23 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">附录...........................................................................................................................................................33</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y24 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">程序清单...................................................................................................................................................33</div></div><a 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<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/626c68237ae5df2aa734f634/bg3.jpg"><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y25 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3</div><div class="c x0 y2 w2 h3"><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y26 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">第一章总体方案及设计</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y27 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.1 设计目的</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y28 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">通过本次毕业设计，应用《单片机应用基础》《计算机应用基础》等所学相关</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y29 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">知识及查阅资料，完成简易计算器的设计，以达到理论与实践更好的结合、 进一步</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y2a ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">综合运用所学知识设计的能力的目的。</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y2b ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">通过本次设计的训练，可以使我在基本思路和基本方法上对基于  单片</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y2c ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">机的嵌入式系统设计有一个比较感性的认识，并具备一定程度的设计能力。</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y2d ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.2 设计任务</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y2e ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">了解单片机的基本原理。</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y2f ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">学习电子计算机制作基本原理及方法。</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y30 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">熟练掌握  软件。</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y31 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">会用  编程，具有一定的编程能力。</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y32 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">设计制作电子计算器硬件及软件系统。</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y33 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">撰写毕业论文。</div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y34 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y35 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.3 设计思路</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y36 ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.3.1 方案构思</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y37 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">本设计可以采用两种方案，一种是以  为核心处理芯片，配备相应的外设；</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y38 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">另外一种是以  处理器，配备相应的外设。</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y39 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">、方案一：采用  控制</div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y3a ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> 是一种高密度的可编程逻辑器件自从  公司  年推出第一片</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y3b ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> 以来 的集成密度和性能提高很快其集成密度最高达  万门!片以上</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y3c ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">系统性能可达  "#。由于  器件集成度高方便易用开发和上市周期短在</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y3d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">数字设计和电子生产中得到迅速普及和应用并一度在高密度的可编程逻辑器件领域</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y3e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">中独占鳌头。</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611850,0.000000,0.000000,1.611850,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/626c68237ae5df2aa734f634/bg4.jpg"><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y25 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4</div><div class="c x0 y2 w2 h3"><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y3f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">但是而基于  编程的 其编程信息需存放在外部存储器上 需外部存</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y40 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">储器芯片 且使用方法复杂 保密性差，而其对于一个简单的计算器而言，实用</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y41 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> 有点大材小用，成本太高。</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y42 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">、方案二：采用 </div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y8 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">单 片 机 是 单 片 微 型 机 的 简 称 ， 故 又 称 为 微 控 制 器  （ $%&'&(%&</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y43 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(）。通常由单块集成电路芯片组成，内部包含有计算机的基本功能部件：中央</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 yb ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">处理器 ，存储器和 ! 接口电路等。因此，单片机只要和适当的软件及外部设</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y44 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">备相结合，便可成为一个单片机控制系统。单片机广泛用于智能产品，智能仪表，</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 ye ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">测控技术，智能接口等，具有操作简单，实用方便，价格便宜等优点，而其中</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y45 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> 以  为内核，是单片机中最典型的代表，应用于各种控制领域。</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y46 ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.3.2 方案比较与选择</div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y47 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">通过以上两种方案论证和比较，从设计的实用性，方便性和成本出发，选择</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y48 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">了以  单片机作为中央处理单元进行计算器的设计，这样设计能够实现对</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y49 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">六位浮点数的加减和三位浮点数的乘除运算。系统采用以下方案：</div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y4a ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">')*采用  作为主控芯片；</div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y4b ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">（）显示模块使用 +  液晶显示屏；</div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y4c ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">（）输入模块使用 , 矩阵键盘；</div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y4d ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">（） 清零按键使用独立按键并接入单片机外部中断引脚；</div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y4e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">（）声音提示开关按键使用独立按键并接入单片机外部中断引脚；</div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y4f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">（）平方和开方按键由开发板上的独立按键实现；</div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y50 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">（-）电源采用 -  稳压电路。</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y51 ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.3.3 系统总体模块图</div><div class="t m0 x9 h4 y52 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> 图 2-1 总体模块图</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y53 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> 整个系统由电源给  单片机和 + 液晶显示提供电源使其工作，当外接按</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y54 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">键输入有效数值和运算模式时，通过主控芯片实现整个系统的功能。</div></div><div class="t m0 x2 h9 y55 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xb h4 y56 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">单片机</div><div class="t m0 xc h4 y57 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> '显示模块</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y58 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> '电源模块</div><div class="t m0 xe h4 y59 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> 输入模块</div><div class="t m0 xf h4 y5a ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> '运算模块</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611850,0.000000,0.000000,1.611850,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/626c68237ae5df2aa734f634/bg5.jpg"><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y25 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5</div><div class="c x0 y2 w2 h3"><div class="t m0 x10 h5 y5b ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">第二章 系统硬件设计 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y5c ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.1 主控模块设计</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y5d ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">、主要性能： </div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y5e ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">)*'.' ' 与 '兼容 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y5f ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">　　 •  字节可编程 " 存储器)寿命： 写!擦循环*'</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y60 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">　　 全静态工作：• "#"#'</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y61 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">　　 • 三级加密程序存储器 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y62 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">　　 • , 位内部 '</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y63 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">　　 •  条可编程 ! 线 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y64 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">　　 三个•  位定时器!计数器 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y65 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">　　 八个中断源 •</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y66 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">　　 • 全双工  串行通道 </div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y67 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">.'低功耗的闲置和掉电模式</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y68 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">.'掉电后中断可唤醒</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y69 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">.'看门狗定时器</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y6a ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">.'双数据指针</div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y6b ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">.'掉电标识符</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y6c ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">''''.'片内振荡器和时钟电路 </div><div class="t m0 x11 h7 y6d ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">)*'管脚说明： </div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y6e ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">　　 /：供电电压。 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y6f ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">'''''0+：接地。</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y70 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">、 的功能特性描述</div><div class="t m0 x12 h7 y71 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">'是一种低功耗、高性能  位微控制器，具有 '在系统</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y72 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">可编程 123'存储器。使用 (45'公司高密度非 易失性存储器技术制造，与工</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y73 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">业  '产品指令和引脚完 全兼容。片上 123 允许程序存储器在系统可编</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y74 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">程，亦适于 常规编程器。在单芯片上，拥有灵巧的 '位 '和在系统 可编程</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611850,0.000000,0.000000,1.611850,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>