UnixLinux命令集合_UNIX_Linux_其他

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="generator" content="pdf2htmlEX"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/base.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/fancy.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6257776abd8c6f2306c83df8/raw.css"> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/compatibility.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/pdf2htmlEX.min.js"></script> <script> try{ pdf2htmlEX.defaultViewer = new pdf2htmlEX.Viewer({}); }catch(e){} </script> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="sidebar" style="display: none"> <div id="outline"> </div> </div> <div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6257776abd8c6f2306c83df8/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Unix/Linux <span class="ff2 fs1">命令参考</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">.com</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff2 fs2 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">文件命<span class="_"> </span>令</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y4 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ls<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">列出目录</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y5 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ls -al<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">使用格式化列出隐藏文件</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y6 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">cd <span class="ff5">dir<span class="ff4"> - <span class="ff2">更改目录到 <span class="ff6">dir</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y7 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">cd<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">更改到 </span>home <span class="ff2">目录</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y8 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pwd <span class="ff4">– <span class="ff2">显示当前目录</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y9 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mkdir <span class="ff5">dir<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">创建目录 <span class="ff6">dir</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 ya ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">rm <span class="ff5">file<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">删除 <span class="ff6">file</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 yb ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">rm -r <span class="ff5">dir<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">删除目录 <span class="ff6">dir</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 yc ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">rm -f <span class="ff5">file<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">强制删除 <span class="ff6">file</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 yd ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">rm -rf <span class="ff5">dir<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">强制删除目录 <span class="ff6">dir</span></span> *</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 ye ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">cp <span class="ff5">file1 file2<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">将 <span class="ff6">file1</span></span> <span class="ff2">复制到 <span class="ff6">file2</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 yf ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">cp -r <span class="ff5">dir1 dir2<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">将 <span class="ff6">dir1</span></span> <span class="ff2">复制到 <span class="ff6">dir2</span></span>; <span class="ff2">如果 <span class="ff6">dir2</span></span> <span class="ff2">不存</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y10 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">在则创建它</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y11 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">mv <span class="ff5">file1 file2<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">将 <span class="ff6">file1</span></span> <span class="ff2">重命名或移动到 <span class="ff6">file2</span></span>; <span class="ff2">如果 </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y12 ff6 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">file2<span class="ff4"> <span class="ff2">是一个存在的目录则将 </span></span>file1<span class="ff4"> <span class="ff2">移动到目录 </span></span>file2 <span class="ff2">中</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y13 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ln -s <span class="ff5">file link<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">创建 <span class="ff6">file </span>的符号连接</span></span></span></div><div class="t m1 x5 h5 y13 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y13 ff6 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">link</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y14 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">touch <span class="ff5">file<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">创建 <span class="ff6">file</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y15 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">cat > <span class="ff5">file<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">将标准输入添加到 <span class="ff6">file</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y16 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">more <span class="ff5">file<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">查看 <span class="ff6">file </span>的内容</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y17 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">head <span class="ff5">file<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">查看 <span class="ff6">file </span>的前 </span>10 <span class="ff2">行</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y18 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tail <span class="ff5">file<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">查看 <span class="ff6">file </span>的后 </span>10 <span class="ff2">行</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y19 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tail -f <span class="ff5">file<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">从后 </span>10 <span class="ff2">行开始查看 <span class="ff6">file</span></span> <span class="ff2">的内容</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y1a ff2 fs2 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">进程管<span class="_"> </span>理</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1b ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ps<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">显示当前的活动进程</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1c ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">top<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">显示所有正在运行的进程</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1d ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">kill <span class="ff5">pid<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">杀掉进程 </span>id <span class="ff6">pid</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1e ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">killall <span class="ff5">proc<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">杀掉所有名为 <span class="ff6">proc</span></span> <span class="ff2">的进程 </span>*</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y1f ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">bg<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">列出已停止或后台的作业</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y20 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">fg<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">将最近的作业带到前台</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y21 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">fg <span class="ff5">n<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">将作业 <span class="ff6">n</span></span> <span class="ff2">带到前台</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y22 ff2 fs2 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">文件权<span class="_"> </span>限</div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y23 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">chmod <span class="ff5">octal file<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">更改<span class="fs4"> </span><span class="ff6">file</span></span> <span class="ff2">的权限</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h4 y24 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">●<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff4 fs2">4 – <span class="ff2">读 </span>(r)</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h4 y25 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">●<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff4 fs2">2 – <span class="ff2">写 </span>(w)</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h4 y26 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">●<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff4 fs2">1 – <span class="ff2">执行 </span>(x)</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y27 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">示例<span class="ff4">:</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y28 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">chmod 777<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">为所有用户添加读、写、执行权限</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y29 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">chmod 755<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">为所有者添加 </span>rwx <span class="ff2">权限</span>, <span class="ff2">为组和其他用户添加</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y2a ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">rx <span class="ff2">权限</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y2b ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">更多选项参阅<span class="fs4"> </span><span class="ff3">man chmod<span class="ff4">.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y2c ff8 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">S<span class="_ _1"></span>SH</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y2d ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ssh <span class="ff5">user@host<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">以 <span class="ff6">user</span></span> <span class="ff2">用户身份连接到 <span class="ff6">host</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y2e ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ssh -p <span class="ff5">port</span> <span class="ff5">user@host<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">在端口 <span class="ff6">port</span></span> <span class="ff2">以 <span class="ff6">user</span></span> <span class="ff2">用户身</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y2f ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">份连接到 <span class="ff6">host</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y30 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ssh-copy-id <span class="ff5">user@host<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">将密钥添加到 <span class="ff6">host</span></span> <span class="ff2">以实现无</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y31 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">密码登录</div><div class="t m0 x8 h4 y32 ff2 fs2 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">搜索</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y33 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">grep <span class="ff5">pattern files<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">搜索 <span class="ff6">files</span></span> <span class="ff2">中匹配 <span class="ff6">pattern</span></span> <span class="ff2">的内容</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y34 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">grep -r <span class="ff5">pattern dir<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">递归搜索 <span class="ff6">dir</span></span> <span class="ff2">中匹配 <span class="ff6">pattern</span></span> <span class="ff2">的</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y35 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">内容</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y36 ff5 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">command<span class="ff3"> | grep </span>pattern<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">搜索 <span class="ff6">command</span></span> <span class="ff2">输出中匹配 </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y37 ff6 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">pattern<span class="ff4"> <span class="ff2">的内容</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h4 y3 ff2 fs2 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">系统信<span class="_"> </span>息</div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y4 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">date<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">显示当前日期和时间</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y5 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">cal<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">显示当月的日历</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y6 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">uptime<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">显示系统从开机到现在所运行的时间</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y7 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">w<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">显示登录的用户</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y8 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">whoami<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">查看你的当前用户名</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y9 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">finger <span class="ff5">user<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">显示 <span class="ff6">user </span>的相关信息</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 ya ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">uname -a<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">显示内核信息</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y38 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">cat /proc/cpuinfo<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">查看<span class="fs4"> </span></span>cpu <span class="ff2">信息</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y39 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">cat /proc/meminfo<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">查看内存信息</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y3a ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">man <span class="ff5">command<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">显示<span class="fs4"> </span><span class="ff6">command </span>的说明手册</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y3b ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">df<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">显示磁盘占用情况</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y3c ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">du<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">显示目录空间占用情况</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y3d ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">free<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">显示内存及交换区占用情况</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h4 y3e ff2 fs2 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">压缩</div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y3f ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tar cf <span class="ff5">file.tar files<span class="ff6"> <span class="ff4">– <span class="ff2">创建包含 </span></span>files<span class="ff4"> <span class="ff2">的 </span>tar <span class="ff2">文件 </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 y40 ff6 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">file.tar</div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y41 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tar xf <span class="ff5">file.tar<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">从 <span class="ff6">file.tar </span>提取文件</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y42 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tar czf <span class="ff5">file.tar.gz files<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">使用 </span>Gzip <span class="ff2">压缩创建 </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y43 ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tar <span class="ff2">文件</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y44 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tar xzf <span class="ff5">file.tar.gz<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">使用 </span>Gzip <span class="ff2">提取 </span>tar <span class="ff2">文件</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y45 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tar cjf <span class="ff5">file.tar.bz2<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">使用 </span>Bzip2 <span class="ff2">压缩创建 </span>tar <span class="ff2">文</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y46 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">件</div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y47 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">tar xjf <span class="ff5">file.tar.bz2<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">使用 </span>Bzip2 <span class="ff2">提取 </span>tar <span class="ff2">文件</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y48 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">gzip <span class="ff5">file<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">压缩 <span class="ff6">file</span></span> <span class="ff2">并重命名为 <span class="ff6">file.gz</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y49 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">gzip -d <span class="ff5">file.gz<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">将 <span class="ff6">file.gz</span></span> <span class="ff2">解压缩为 <span class="ff6">file</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h4 y4a ff2 fs2 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">网络</div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y4b ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ping <span class="ff5">host<span class="ff4"> – ping <span class="ff6">host</span> <span class="ff2">并输出结果</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y4c ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">whois <span class="ff5">domain<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">获取 <span class="ff6">domain</span></span> <span class="ff2">的 </span>whois <span class="ff2">信息</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y4d ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dig <span class="ff5">domain<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">获取 <span class="ff6">domain </span>的 </span>DNS <span class="ff2">信息</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y4e ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dig -x <span class="ff5">host<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">逆向查询 <span class="ff6">host</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y4f ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">wget <span class="ff5">file<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">下载 <span class="ff6">file</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y23 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">wget -c <span class="ff5">file<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">断点续传</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h4 y50 ff2 fs2 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">安装</div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y51 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">从源代码安装<span class="ff4">:</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y52 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">./configure</div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y53 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">make</div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y54 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">make install</div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y55 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dpkg -i <span class="ff5">pkg.deb<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">安装包 </span>(Debian)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y56 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">rpm -Uvh <span class="ff5">pkg.rpm<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">安装包 </span>(RPM)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h4 y57 ff2 fs2 fc1 sc1 ls0 ws0">快捷<span class="_ _2"> </span>键</div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y58 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ctrl+C<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">停止当前命令</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y59 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ctrl+Z<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">停止当前命令，并使用 </span></span>fg <span class="ff2">恢复</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y5a ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ctrl+D<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">注销当前会话，与 </span></span>exit <span class="ff2">相似</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y5b ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ctrl+W<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">删除当前行中的字</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y5c ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ctrl+U<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">删除整行</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y5d ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">!!<span class="ff4"> - <span class="ff2">重复上次的命令</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y5e ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">exit<span class="ff4"> – <span class="ff2">注销当前会话</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y5f ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">* <span class="ff2">小心使用。</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h4 y60 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">翻译<span class="ff4">/T<span class="_ _1"></span>oy <http://LinuxTOY<span class="_ _3"></span>.org></span></div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m2"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.568627,0.000000,0.000000,1.568627,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> </body> </html>