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<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6264557e4f8811599e454e88/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ya ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yc ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y10 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y11 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y12 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y13 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y14 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y15 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y16 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">不同电价下含储能系统的微电网经济调度</div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y17 ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">李刚，李峰，孔亮，宋宗勋</div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y18 ff3 fs2 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ff4 ls0">国网威海供电公司，山东</span> <span class="ff4 ls0">威海　</span>264200)</div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y19 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 y1a ff3 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y1b ff5 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls2 ws0">摘　要：<span class="ff6">为了验证不同电价下储能技术的削峰填谷及其在电力系统经济调度中的作用，对含有储能的微电</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y1c ff6 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls2 ws0">网进行建模分析。建立了含有风机、光伏电池、热电联产系统、燃料电池、燃气锅炉及储能系统的并网型</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y1d ff6 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls3 ws0">微电网结构，在充分考虑电力市场分时<span class="ff3 ls4">/</span>实时电价的条件下，优化了计及设备维护成本、售热收益和微电网</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y1e ff6 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls5 ws0">与大电网之间的电能交互成本等的经济模型，并采用混合杂草蝙蝠算法对所提模型进行了优化。<span class="ls6">以<span class="ff3">2</span></span>种电</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y1f ff6 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls2 ws0">价下不含储能系统的微电网经济调度模型作为对照，通过具体的微电网实例优化了冬季典型日负荷下各微</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y20 ff6 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls2 ws0">电源的最优机组出力和最佳运行成本。仿真结果验证了所提算法和模型的有效性：储能能够在电价引导下</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y21 ff6 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls2 ws0">对网内电负荷削峰填谷并降低微电网运行成本；同时，不同电价政策对微电网总运行成本及储能作用的发</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y22 ff6 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">挥影响不同。</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y23 ff5 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">关键词：<span class="ff6">微电网；分时电价；实时电价；储能系统；经济调度</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y24 ff5 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">中图分类号：<span class="ff3 ls1">TM715 </span>文献标志码：<span class="ff3 ls1">A <span class="ff7">DOI</span></span>：<span class="ff3 ls1">10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.201611039</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y25 ff3 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y26 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h9 y27 ff8 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws0">0 <span class="ff9 ls0">引言</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y28 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls7 ws0">随着能源互联网的快速发展，原先相对独立</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y29 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">的电力系统、交通系统、天然气网络和信息网络</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y2a ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls9 ws0">等的联系越来越密切</div><div class="t m0 x9 hb y2b ff3 fs7 fc2 sc0 lsa ws0">[<span class="fc3">1</span>-<span class="fc3">3</span>]</div><div class="t m0 xa ha y2a ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls9 ws0">，而电力系统作为各种能</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y2c ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">源相互转化的枢纽，是能源互联网的核心。微电</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y2d ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 lsb ws0">网以其区域性、灵活性及可靠性的特点可以高</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y2e ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls9 ws0">效、可靠地将各类分布式电源加以融合</div><div class="t m0 xb hb y2f ff3 fs7 fc2 sc0 lsa ws0">[<span class="fc3">4</span>-<span class="fc3">5</span>]</div><div class="t m0 xc ha y2e ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls9 ws0">，从而</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y30 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">实现集中供电。同时，随着中国不同电价政策的</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y31 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">逐步实施、储能技术的日益成熟及分布式发电技</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y32 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 lsb ws0">术所占比例的大幅度提高，研究不同电价政策</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y33 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">下，含有储能系统的微电网的经济调度及机组组</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y34 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">合出力逐渐成为研究热点。</div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y35 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls7 ws0">目前针对微电网运行的研究大部分集中于分</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y36 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">布式发电设备研制及设备自身控制策略方面，而</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y37 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">在微电网的能量管理、优化配置、经济运行等方</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y38 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 lsc ws0">面还需要进一步探究。文献<span class="ff3 lsd">[<span class="fc3">6</span>]</span>对微电网热电联产</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y39 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">系统中微型燃气轮机的运行方式进行了探讨，并</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y3a ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 lse ws0">以经济性、能源利用率和环境<span class="lsf">等<span class="ff3">3</span></span>个指标对热电</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y3b ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">联产系统的运行进行了优化，从而求得热电联产</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y3c ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls10 ws0">系统中微型燃气轮机的最佳出力方式；文献<span class="ff3 ls11">[<span class="fc3">7</span>]<span class="ff6">对</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y3d ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">目前用于电力系统的储能技术从其自身结构和运</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y3e ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">行特性进行了建模，并从安全性、经济性、环保</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y3f ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">型等方面对其在电力系统中的应用进行了分析及</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y40 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls12 ws0">前景展望；文献<span class="ff3 ls13">[<span class="fc3">8</span>]</span>建立了微电网并网条件下的经</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y41 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">济运行模型，该模型计及了潮流双向流动和分时</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y42 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">电价情况下的微电网的电能交易问题，并选取实</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y43 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">际微电网的典型日负荷数据进行验证，仿真结果</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y44 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">表明分时电价政策能够有效降低微电网的运行成</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y45 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 lsc ws0">本；文献<span class="ff3 lsd">[<span class="fc3">9</span>]</span>考虑了光伏发电的时序性和随机性并</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y46 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">对其电出力和负荷建立分时段多状态模型，分别</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y47 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 lsb ws0">以高于置信水平的年费用最小为上下层目标函</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y48 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">数，以网内微单元容量和机组组合状态为上下层</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y49 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">优化变量，建立了嵌入机会约束规划的二层规划</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y4a ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">模型。</div><div class="t m0 xe ha y4b ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls7 ws0">以上文献在微电网安全运行及分布式电源最</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y4c ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">佳出力上做了大量工作，但是在微电网与大电网</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y4d ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">的交互电价的选取及储能在微电网经济调度中所</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y4e ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">发挥的作用等方面研究较少。因此如何设计仿真</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y4f ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">算例以验证储能技术在微电网经济调度中的所发</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y50 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">挥的具体作用及不同电价政策的选取等方面上需</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y51 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">要进一步的研究。</div><div class="t m0 xe ha y52 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls7 ws0">在上述文献的基础上，本文对含有储能系统</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y53 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">和各类分布式电源的微电网进行了建模，以一个</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y54 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">包含风电、光伏、微型燃气轮机和燃料电池的微</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y55 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">电网为研究目标，采用混合杂草蝙蝠算法研究了</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y56 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">储能在微电网经济调度中的作用。</div><div class="t m0 xd h5 y57 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y58 ffa fs2 fc2 sc1 ls1 ws0">收稿日期<span class="sc0">：<span class="ff3">2016-11-08</span>；<span class="ff3"> </span></span>修回日期<span class="sc0">：<span class="ff3">2017-09-25</span>。</span></div><div class="t m0 xf hc y59 ffb fs8 fc4 sc2 ls0 ws0">第<span class="ffc ls1"> 51 </span>卷<span class="ffc ls1"> </span>第<span class="ffc ls1"> 2 </span>期</div><div class="t m1 x10 hd y5a ffd fs6 fc4 sc2 ls14 ws0">中国电力</div><div class="t m0 x11 he y59 ffc fs8 fc4 sc2 ls1 ws0">Vol. 51, No. 2</div><div class="t m0 x12 hc y5b ffc fs8 fc4 sc2 ls1 ws0">2018 <span class="ffb ls0">年</span> 2 <span class="ffb ls0">月</span></div><div class="t m2 x13 hf y5c ff7 fs3 fc4 sc0 ls15 ws0">ELECTRIC POWER</div><div class="t m0 x14 he y5d ffc fs8 fc4 sc2 ls1 ws0">Feb. 2018</div><div class="t m0 x15 h10 y5e ff5 fs9 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">125</div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611850,0.000000,0.000000,1.611850,-22.844743,-22.844743]}'></div></div>
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<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6264557e4f8811599e454e88/bg2.jpg"><div class="t m0 x6 h9 y5f ff8 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws0">1 <span class="ff9 ls0">微电网中各分布式电源数学模型</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y60 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls7 ws0">微电网是指由负荷、分布式电源及其辅助设</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y61 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">备等通过电力传输线连接而成的单一可控的供电</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y62 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">网，微电网可实现各单元的自我保护和管理，并</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y63 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">能满足区域内的负荷需求。同时，微电网可以工</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y64 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls16 ws0">作在并网运行状态，也可以工作在孤岛运行状态</div><div class="t m0 x16 hb y65 ff3 fs7 fc2 sc0 ls17 ws0">[<span class="fc3">10</span>]</div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y64 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls17 ws0">。</div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y66 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls18 ws0">本文的微电网基本结构和能量流向如<span class="fc3 ls19">图<span class="ff3">1</span></span><span class="ls1a">所</span></div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y67 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1b ws0">示，网内有天然气，电能和热<span class="ls1c">能<span class="ff3">3</span></span>条供能网络</div><div class="t m0 x18 hb y68 ff3 fs7 fc2 sc0 ls1d ws0">[<span class="fc3">11</span>-<span class="fc3">12</span>]</div><div class="t m0 x17 ha y67 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1d ws0">。</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y69 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1e ws0">其中，天然气主要供给网内热电联产系<span class="ls1f">统<span class="ff3 ls20">(</span></span>微型</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y6a ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls21 ws0">燃气轮机<span class="ff3 ls22">)</span>及燃料电池，且微型燃气轮机和燃料</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y6b ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">电池的电热出力配合网内风机、光伏、储能系统</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y6c ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">等单元满足微电网内的电热负荷需求。</div><div class="t m0 x6 h11 y6d ff8 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">1.1 <span class="ff5 ls0">光伏发电</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y6e ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls7 ws0">光伏发电的输出功率大小与光伏电池的温度</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y6f ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">和光照强度相关。在一定时间段内，太阳光的光</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y70 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls23 ws0">照强度可以近似等效<span class="ls24">为<span class="ff3 ls25">BET<span class="ls24">A</span></span></span>分布。光伏电池输</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y71 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">出的电压和电流随着太阳能电池上辐射强度和温</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y72 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">度的变化而变化，光伏阵列输出功率</div><div class="t m0 x19 hb y73 ff3 fs7 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">[<span class="fc3">13</span>]</div><div class="t m0 x1a ha y72 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">为</div><div class="c x6 y74 w2 h12"><div class="t m0 x1b h13 y75 ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">P</div><div class="t m0 x1c h14 y76 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">PV</div><div class="t m0 x1d h15 y75 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff10">=<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ffe">P</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1e h14 y76 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">STC</div><div class="t m0 x1f h15 y77 ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">G<span class="fff">(</span>t<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="fff">)</span></div><div class="t m0 x20 h13 y78 ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">G</div><div class="t m0 x21 h14 y79 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">STC</div><div class="t m0 x22 h15 y75 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">[1<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff10">+<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ffe">k</span></span>(<span class="ffe">T<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>(<span class="ffe">t</span>)<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff11">−<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ffe">T</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 h14 y76 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">STC</div><div class="t m0 x24 h16 y75 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">)]<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff12">（<span class="ff13">1</span>）</span></div></div><div class="c x25 y7a w3 h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">P</div><div class="t m0 x26 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">PV</div><div class="t m0 x27 h15 y7b fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)</div></div><div class="c x6 y7d w4 h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">P</div><div class="t m0 x26 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">STC</div></div><div class="c x28 y7e w5 h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">G</div><div class="t m0 x29 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">STC</div></div><div class="c x5 y7f w4 h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">T</div><div class="t m0 x26 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">STC</div></div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y80 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls26 ws0">式中<span class="ff3 ls27">: <span class="_ _4"> </span></span>为在当前光照及温度下的光伏功率；</div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y81 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls28 ws0">为标准测试条<span class="ls29">件<span class="ff3 ls2a">(standard test condition, STC<span class="ls29">)</span><span class="ff6">下</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y82 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls2b ws0">的最大测试功率；<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="ls2c">为<span class="ff3 ls2d">ST<span class="ls2c">C</span></span></span>下的光照强度，该</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y83 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls2e ws0">数据的参考取值<span class="ls2f">为<span class="ff3 ls30">1 000 W/m</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2a hb y84 ff3 fs7 fc2 sc0 ls30 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x2b ha y83 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls2e ws0">；<span class="_ _6"> </span>为标准状态</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y85 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls31 ws0">下的参考温度<span class="ff3 ls32">, </span>其值<span class="ls33">为<span class="ff3 ls32">25</span></span>℃；<span class="ff14 ls32">G<span class="ff3">(</span>t<span class="ff3 ls33">)</span></span>为时<span class="ls33">段<span class="ff14">t</span></span>实际太</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y86 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls34 ws0">阳能光照强度；<span class="ff14 ls35">k</span>为功率温度系数，其值取为</div><div class="t m0 x6 ha y87 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">–0.47%<span class="ff6">；<span class="ff14 ls1">T<span class="ff3">(</span>t</span></span><span class="ls36">)</span><span class="ff6">为光伏发电模块的工作温度。</span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h11 y88 ff8 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">1.2 <span class="ff5 ls0">风力发电</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y89 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls7 ws0">风力发电是目前新能源发电中最为迅猛的发</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y8a ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls37 ws0">展形式，且风力发电较易实现大规模的并网运行。</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y8b ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">风力发电的表达式</div><div class="t m0 x2c hb y8c ff3 fs7 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">[<span class="fc3">14</span>-<span class="fc3">15</span>]</div><div class="t m0 x2d ha y8b ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">为</div><div class="c xd y8d w2 h18"><div class="t m0 x27 h13 y8e ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">P</div><div class="t m0 x1b h14 y8f fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">WT</div><div class="t m0 x2e h15 y8e fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff10">=</span></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y90 ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y91 ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y92 ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y93 ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y94 ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y95 ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y96 ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y97 ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y98 ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y99 ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y9a ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y9b ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y9c ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y9d ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 xf h19 y9e ff15 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x12 h1a y9f fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">0<span class="ff16">,<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ffe">v<span class="ff17">＜</span>v</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2f h14 ya0 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">ci</div><div class="t m0 x12 h1a ya1 ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">λ</div><div class="t m0 x1e h14 ya2 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">1</div><div class="t m0 x30 h13 ya1 ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">v</div><div class="t m0 x31 h14 ya3 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x32 h1a ya1 ff10 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">+<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff16">λ</span></div><div class="t m0 x33 h14 ya2 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">2</div><div class="t m0 x34 h1a ya1 ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">v<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff10">+<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff16">λ</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x35 h14 ya2 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x36 h1a ya1 ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">,<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ffe">v</span></div><div class="t m0 x37 h14 ya4 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">ci</div><div class="t m0 x28 h1b ya1 ff17 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">≤<span class="ffe">v</span>＜<span class="ffe">v</span></div><div class="t m0 x38 h14 ya2 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">rate</div><div class="t m0 x12 h13 ya5 ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">P</div><div class="t m0 x39 h14 ya6 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">rate</div><div class="t m0 x3a h1a ya5 ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">,<span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="ffe">v</span></div><div class="t m0 x3b h14 ya6 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">rate</div><div class="t m0 x3c h1b ya5 ff17 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">≤<span class="ffe">v</span>≤<span class="ffe">v</span></div><div class="t m0 x3d h14 ya6 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">co</div><div class="t m0 x12 h1a ya7 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">0<span class="ff16">,<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ffe">v<span class="ff17">＞</span>v</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2f h14 ya8 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">co</div><div class="t m0 x3e h16 y8e ff12 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">（<span class="ff13">2</span>）</div></div><div class="c x3f ya9 w6 h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">P</div><div class="t m0 x26 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">WT</div><div class="t m0 x40 h15 y7b fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)</div></div><div class="c x41 ya9 w7 h1c"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">v</div><div class="t m0 x42 h14 yaa fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">ci</div></div><div class="c x43 ya9 w8 h1c"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">v</div><div class="t m0 x42 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">co</div></div><div class="c xd yab w9 h1c"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">v</div><div class="t m0 x42 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">rate</div></div><div class="c xd yac wa h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">P</div><div class="t m0 x26 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">rate</div></div><div class="c x44 yac wb h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h1a y7b ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">λ</div><div class="t m0 x45 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">1</div></div><div class="c x46 yac wb h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h1a y7b ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">λ</div><div class="t m0 x45 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">2</div></div><div class="c x47 yac wb h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h1a y7b ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">λ</div><div class="t m0 x45 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">3</div></div><div class="t m0 xd ha yad ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls38 ws0">式中：<span class="_ _a"> </span>为时<span class="ls39">段<span class="ff14">t</span></span>的风电出力；<span class="ff14 ls3a">v</span>、<span class="_ _b"> </span>、<span class="_ _c"> </span><span class="ls3a">和</span></div><div class="t m0 x48 ha yae ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls3b ws0">分别为风力发电机的当前风速、切入风速、</div><div class="t m0 xd ha yaf ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">切出风速和额定风速，其中，切入风速、切出风</div><div class="t m0 xd ha yb0 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls3c ws0">速和额定风速分别取值<span class="ls3d">为<span class="ff3 ls3e">3 m/s</span></span>、<span class="ff3 ls3e">25 m/s</span>、<span class="ff3 ls3e">14 m/s<span class="ff6">；</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x49 ha yb1 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls3f ws0">为额定功率；<span class="_ _d"> </span>、<span class="_ _d"> </span>、<span class="_ _d"> </span>分别为风机的出力系</div><div class="t m0 xd ha yb2 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">数，可以通过曲线拟合得到。</div><div class="t m0 xd h11 yb3 ff8 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">1.3 <span class="ff5 ls0">燃料电池发电</span></div><div class="t m0 xe ha yb4 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls40 ws0">燃料电池通常采用天然气作为其一次能源，</div><div class="t m0 xd ha yb5 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">其中燃料电池的燃料成本函数</div><div class="t m0 x4a hb yb6 ff3 fs7 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">[<span class="fc3">16</span>-<span class="fc3">17</span>]</div><div class="t m0 x4b ha yb5 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">为</div><div class="c xd yb7 w2 h1d"><div class="t m0 x4c h13 yb8 ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">C</div><div class="t m0 x4d h14 yb9 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">FC</div><div class="t m0 x20 h15 yb8 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff10">=<span class="_ _e"> </span><span class="ffe">C</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h14 yb9 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">CH</div><div class="t m0 x4e h1e yba fff fsc fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">4</div><div class="t m0 x4f h13 ybb ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">P</div><div class="t m0 x50 h14 ybc fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">FC</div><div class="t m0 x51 h15 ybb fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)<span class="ff10">∆<span class="ffe">t</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x52 h1a ybd ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">η</div><div class="t m0 x53 h14 ybe fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">FC</div><div class="t m0 x37 h15 ybd fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ffe">L</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h14 ybe fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">HV</div><div class="t m0 x3e h16 yb8 ff12 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">（<span class="ff13">3</span>）</div></div><div class="c x54 ybf w7 h1f"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 yc0 ff10 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">∆<span class="ffe">t</span></div></div><div class="c x55 yc1 w3 h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">C</div><div class="t m0 x26 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">FC</div><div class="t m0 x27 h15 y7b fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)</div></div><div class="c x56 yc2 w4 h20"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 yc3 ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">C</div><div class="t m0 x26 h14 yc4 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">CH</div><div class="t m0 x57 h1e yc5 fff fsc fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">4</div></div><div class="c x58 yc6 wc h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">L</div><div class="t m0 x45 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">HV</div></div><div class="t m0 xd ha yc7 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls3c ws0">式中：<span class="_ _f"> </span>为单位调度时间；<span class="_ _10"> </span>为时<span class="ls3d">段<span class="ff14">t</span></span>燃料电</div><div class="t m0 xd ha yc8 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls41 ws0">池的燃料成本；<span class="_ _11"> </span>为天然气的单价，取值<span class="ls42">为</span></div><div class="t m0 xd ha yc9 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls43 ws0">2.5<span class="ls44">3<span class="ff6 ls45">元</span></span>/m</div><div class="t m0 x59 hb yca ff3 fs7 fc2 sc0 ls43 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x5a ha yc9 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls45 ws0">；<span class="_ _12"> </span>为天然气的低热值，取值<span class="ls44">为<span class="ff3 ls43">9.74</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h5 ycb ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">kW·h/m</div><div class="t m0 x54 hb ycc ff3 fs7 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">3</div><div class="t m0 x5b ha ycb ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">。</div><div class="t m0 xe ha ycd ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls46 ws0">燃料电池的发电曲线采用历史数据<span class="ls47">经<span class="ff3 ls48">Matlab</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd ha yce ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">曲线拟合<span class="ff3 ls1">, </span>具体拟合函数为</div><div class="c xd ycf w2 h21"><div class="t m0 x5c h1a yd0 ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">η</div><div class="t m0 x5d h14 yd1 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">FC</div><div class="t m0 x5e h1a yd0 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff10">=<span class="_ _e"> </span><span class="ff11">−</span></span>0<span class="ff16">.</span>002<span class="_ _2"> </span>3<span class="ffe">P</span></div><div class="t m0 x5f h14 yd1 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">FC</div><div class="t m0 x60 h16 yd0 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff10">+<span class="_ _2"> </span></span>0<span class="ff16">.</span>673<span class="_ _2"> </span>5<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="ff12">（<span class="ff13">4</span>）</span></div></div><div class="c x61 yd2 wd h20"><div class="t m0 x0 h1a yc3 ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">η</div><div class="t m0 x42 h14 yc4 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">FC</div><div class="t m0 x62 h15 yc3 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)</div></div><div class="c xd yd3 we h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">P</div><div class="t m0 x26 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">FC</div><div class="t m0 x27 h15 y7b fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)</div></div><div class="t m0 xd ha yd4 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls49 ws0">式中：<span class="_ _10"> </span>为时<span class="ls4a">段<span class="ff14">t</span></span>燃料电池的发电效率；</div><div class="t m0 x63 ha yd5 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">为燃料电池的发电功率。</div><div class="t m0 xd h11 yd6 ff8 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">1.4 <span class="ff5 ls0">热电联产系统</span></div><div class="t m0 xe ha yd7 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4b ws0">热电联产系统（<span class="ff3 lse">combined heat and power</span></div><div class="t m0 xd ha yd8 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4c ws0">system<span class="ff6 ls4d">，</span>CHP<span class="ff6 ls4d">）核心装置为微燃机（</span>micro turbine,</div><div class="t m0 xd ha yd9 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls4e ws0">MT<span class="ff6 ls4f">）和换热器。微燃机发电时排出的高温余热烟</span></div><div class="t m0 xd ha yda ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">气通过换热器之后可以用于取暖及供应生活热水</div><div class="t m0 xd ha ydb ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws0">等。忽略外界环境的变化对发电、燃料燃烧效率</div><div class="t m0 xd ha ydc ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">等影响，微型燃气轮机出力的数学模型</div><div class="t m0 x64 hb ydd ff3 fs7 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">[<span class="fc3">16</span>-<span class="fc3">17</span>]</div><div class="t m0 x65 ha ydc ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">为</div><div class="c xd yde w2 h1d"><div class="t m0 x2e h13 ydf ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">Q</div><div class="t m0 x66 h14 ye0 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">MT</div><div class="t m0 x67 h15 ydf fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff10">=</span></div><div class="t m0 x68 h13 ye1 ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">P</div><div class="t m0 x20 h14 ye2 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">MT</div><div class="t m0 x33 h1a ye1 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)[1<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff11">−<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff16">η</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x69 h14 ye2 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">MT</div><div class="t m0 x3b h1a ye1 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff11">−<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff16">η</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x23 h14 ye2 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">L</div><div class="t m0 x6a h15 ye1 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">]</div><div class="t m0 x3 h1a ye3 ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">η</div><div class="t m0 x6b h14 ye4 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">MT</div><div class="t m0 x69 h15 ye3 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)</div><div class="t m0 x3e h16 ydf ff12 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">（<span class="ff13">5</span>）</div></div><div class="c xd ye5 w2 h21"><div class="t m0 x39 h13 yd0 ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">Q</div><div class="t m0 x31 h14 ye6 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">MT<span class="ff11">−</span>h</div><div class="t m0 x6c h15 yd0 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff10">=<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ffe">Q</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6d h14 yd1 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">MT</div><div class="t m0 x6e h1a yd0 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)<span class="ff16">η</span></div><div class="t m0 x2f h14 ye6 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">h</div><div class="t m0 x6f h13 yd0 ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">O</div><div class="t m0 x23 h14 ye6 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">h</div><div class="t m0 x3e h16 yd0 ff12 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">（<span class="ff13">6</span>）</div></div><div class="c x54 ye7 wf h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">Q</div><div class="t m0 x29 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">MT</div><div class="t m0 x70 h15 y7b fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)</div></div><div class="c x71 ye7 w10 h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">P</div><div class="t m0 x26 h14 y7c fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">MT</div><div class="t m0 x40 h15 y7b fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)</div></div><div class="c x72 ye8 w3 h20"><div class="t m0 x0 h1a yc3 ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">η</div><div class="t m0 x42 h14 yc4 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">MT</div><div class="t m0 x27 h15 yc3 fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)</div></div><div class="c x73 ye9 w7 h1f"><div class="t m0 x0 h1a yc3 ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">η</div><div class="t m0 x42 h14 yc4 fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">L</div></div><div class="c x74 yea w11 h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">Q</div><div class="t m0 x29 h14 yaa fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">MT<span class="ff11">−</span>h</div><div class="t m0 x75 h15 y7b fff fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">(<span class="ffe">t</span>)</div></div><div class="c x76 yeb w12 h17"><div class="t m0 x0 h13 y7b ffe fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">O</div><div class="t m0 x29 h14 yaa fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">h</div></div><div class="c x77 yec wb h1f"><div class="t m0 x0 h1a yc3 ff16 fsa fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">η</div><div class="t m0 x42 h14 yed fff fsb fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">h</div></div><div class="t m0 xd ha yee ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls50 ws0">式中：<span class="_ _14"> </span>、<span class="_ _15"> </span>分别为时<span class="ls51">段<span class="ff14">t</span></span>燃气轮机的排</div><div class="t m0 xd ha yef ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls2b ws0">气余热量和输出电功率；<span class="_ _10"> </span>为时<span class="ls2c">段<span class="ff14">t</span></span>燃气轮机</div><div class="t m0 xd ha yf0 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 lsb ws0">发电效率；<span class="_ _16"> </span>为散热损失系数；<span class="_ _17"> </span>为时<span class="ls52">段</span></div><div class="t m0 xd ha yf1 ff14 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls53 ws0">t<span class="ff6 ls54">溴冷机提供的制热量；<span class="_"> </span>和<span class="_ _d"> </span>分别为换热器的制</span></div><div class="t m0 xd ha yf2 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">热效率和烟气回收率。</div><div class="t m0 x6 h22 yf3 ff3 fsd fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="c x78 yf4 w13 h23"><div class="t m4 x79 h24 yf5 ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">ᗞ⭥㖁</div><div class="t m4 x79 h24 yf6 ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">⭥䍏㦧</div><div class="t m4 x7a h24 yf7 ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">བྷ⭥㖁</div><div class="t m4 x7b h24 yf8 ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">仾ᵪ</div><div class="t m4 x66 h24 yf9 ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">ݹԿ</div><div class="t m4 x7c h24 yfa ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">⟳ᯉ⭥⊐</div><div class="t m4 x7d h24 yfb ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">ۘ㜭</div><div class="t m4 x7e h24 yfc ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">⟳≄䬵⚹</div><div class="t m4 x7f h24 yfd ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">ᗞ⭥㖁</div><div class="t m4 x7f h24 yfe ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">✝䍏㦧</div><div class="t m4 x80 h24 yff ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">׋⭥</div><div class="t m4 x3c h24 y100 ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">׋✝</div><div class="t m4 x25 h24 y101 ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">ཙ❦≄</div><div class="t m4 x66 h24 y102 ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">ཙ❦≄⍱˗<span class="_ _18"></span>⭥࣏⦷⍱˗<span class="_ _6"></span>✝࣏⦷⍱</div><div class="t m4 x2f h24 y103 ff18 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0">✝⭥㚄ӗ㌫㔏</div><div class="t m0 x81 h25 y104 ff19 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">微</span><span class="fc0 sc0">燃</span><span class="fc0 sc0">机</span></div><div class="t m0 x82 h25 y104 ff19 fse fc5 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="fc0 sc0">换</span><span class="fc0 sc0">热</span><span class="fc0 sc0">器</span></div></div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y105 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x6b h26 y106 ff5 fsf fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">图 1 <span class="ff8 ls1"> </span> 典型微电网的基本结构</div><div class="t m0 x83 h27 y107 ff8 fs2 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">Fig. 1 The basic structure of typical micro-grid</div><div class="t m0 x6 h22 y108 ff3 fsd fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m1 x84 h28 y109 ffd fs10 fc4 sc2 ls14 ws0">中国电力</div><div class="t m0 x85 h11 y10a ff5 fs3 fc4 sc2 ls0 ws0">第<span class="ffc ls1"> 51 </span>卷</div><div class="t m0 x86 h10 y5e ff5 fs9 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">126</div><div class="d m3"></div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m3"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m3"></div></a><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m3"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m3"></div></a><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div><div class="d m3"></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611850,0.000000,0.000000,1.611850,-22.844743,-22.844743]}'></div></div>
微电网PSO优化算法
