嵌入式系统知识体系、学习误区及建议_嵌入式_其他

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="generator" content="pdf2htmlEX"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/base.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/fancy.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62742e76445c3651d26e9898/raw.css"> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/compatibility.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/pdf2htmlEX.min.js"></script> <script> try{ pdf2htmlEX.defaultViewer = new pdf2htmlEX.Viewer({}); }catch(e){} </script> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="sidebar" style="display: none"> <div id="outline"> </div> </div> <div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62742e76445c3651d26e9898/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">嵌入式系统知识体系、学习误区及建议<span class="ff2 sc1 ls1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc2 ls2 ws0">1 嵌入式系统的知识体系<span class="sc1 ls1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>嵌入式系统的应用范围可以粗略<span class="_ _0"></span>分为两大类：<span class="_ _1"></span>电子系统的智能化(工业 控制、<span class="_ _1"></span>现代农业、<span class="_ _1"></span>家用电</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0">器、汽车电子、测控系统、数据采集<span class="_ _0"></span>等)，计算机应用的延伸(MP3、<span class="_ _0"></span>手机、通信、网络、计算机外围</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0">设备等)。从这些应用可以看出， 要<span class="_ _0"></span>完成一个以<span class="_ _2"> </span>MCU<span class="_ _2"> </span>为核心的嵌入式系统应用产品设计，<span class="_ _0"></span>需要硬件、</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0">软件及行业领域相关知识。<span class="_ _1"></span>硬件主要有<span class="_ _2"> </span>MCU<span class="_ _2"> </span>的硬件最小系统、<span class="_ _1"></span>输入／输出外围电路<span class="_ _0"></span>、<span class="_ _1"></span>人机接口 设计。</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y7 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0">软件设计有固化软件的设计，<span class="_ _1"></span>也可能含<span class="_ _2"> </span>PC<span class="_ _2"> </span>机软件的设计。<span class="_ _1"></span>行业知识需要通过协作、<span class="_ _1"></span>交流与总结获<span class="_ _0"></span>得。<span class="_ _3"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y8 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>概括地说，学习以<span class="_ _2"> </span>MCU<span class="_ _2"> </span>为核心的嵌入式系统，需要<span class="_ _0"></span>以下软硬件基础知识与实践训练： </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y9 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>①硬件最小系统(电源、晶振、<span class="_ _0"></span>复位、写入调试接口)； </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ya ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>②通用<span class="_ _2"> </span>I／O(开关量输入／输出，涉及各种二<span class="_ _0"></span>值量检测与控制)； </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yb ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>③模／数转换(各种传感器信号<span class="_ _0"></span>的采集与处理，如红外、温度、<span class="_ _0"></span>光敏、超声波、方向等)； </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yc ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>④数／模转换(对模拟量设备利<span class="_ _0"></span>用数字进行控制)； </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yd ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>⑤通信(串行通信接口<span class="_ _2"> </span>SCI、串行外设接口<span class="_ _2"> </span>SPI、集成电路互联<span class="_ _0"></span>总线<span class="_ _2"> </span>I2C、CAN、USB、嵌入式以太</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ye ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0">网、ZigBee<span class="_ _2"> </span>技术等)； </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yf ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>⑥显示(LED、LCD<span class="_ _2"> </span>等)； </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y10 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>⑦控制(控制各种设备，包括<span class="_ _2"> </span>PWM<span class="_ _2"> </span>等控制技术)； </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y11 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>⑧数据处理(图形、图像、语音<span class="_ _0"></span>、视频等的处理或识别)； </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y12 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>⑨各种具体应用。 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y13 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>万变不离其宗，<span class="_ _1"></span>任何<span class="_ _0"></span>应用都可以归入这几类。<span class="_ _4"></span>而应用中的硬件设计、<span class="_ _4"></span>软件设计、<span class="_ _4"></span>测试等都必须遵</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y14 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0">循嵌入式软件工程的方法、<span class="_ _1"></span>原理与基本原则。<span class="_ _1"></span>所以，<span class="_ _1"></span>嵌入式软件工程也是嵌入<span class="_ _0"></span>式系统知识体系的有机</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y15 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0">组成部分，只不过它融于具体项目的<span class="_ _0"></span>开发过程之中。 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y16 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0"> <span class="_"> </span> <span class="_"> </span>以上实践训练涉及硬件基础、<span class="_ _0"></span>软件基础及相关领域知识。计算<span class="_ _0"></span>机语言、操作系统、开发环境等</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y17 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0">均是达到这些目的的工具。有些初学<span class="_ _0"></span>者，容易把工具的使用与所要达<span class="_ _0"></span> 到的真正目的相混淆。例如，</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y18 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0">有的学习者学了很长时间的嵌入式操<span class="_ _0"></span>作系统移植，<span class="_ _5"></span>而不进行实际嵌入式系统产品的<span class="_ _0"></span>开发，<span class="_ _5"></span>到最后也做</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y19 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0">不好一个嵌入式系统小产品，偏离 了<span class="_ _0"></span>学习目标，甚至放弃嵌入式系<span class="_ _0"></span>统领域。这就是进入了嵌入式系</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y1a ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls1 ws0">统学习误区，下面对此作一些分析。 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y1b ff1 fs1 fc1 sc1 ls3 ws0"> <span class="sc2 ls2">2 嵌入式系统的学习误区</span><span class="ls1"> </span></div></div><div class="pi" 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