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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="generator" content="pdf2htmlEX"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/base.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/fancy.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6277ec1177d3727348ec50d2/raw.css"> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/compatibility.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/pdf2htmlEX.min.js"></script> <script> try{ pdf2htmlEX.defaultViewer = new pdf2htmlEX.Viewer({}); }catch(e){} </script> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="sidebar" style="display: none"> <div id="outline"> </div> </div> <div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6277ec1177d3727348ec50d2/bg1.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">边缘检测</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">科技名词定义</div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y4 ff1 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">中文名称：</div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y5 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">边缘检测</div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y6 ff1 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">英文名称：</div><div class="t m0 x4 h6 y7 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">edge detection </div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y8 ff1 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">定义：</div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y9 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">使用数学方法提取图像像元中具有亮度值<span class="ff2">(</span>灰度<span class="ff2">)</span>空间方向梯度大的边、线特征的过程。 </div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 ya ff1 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">应用学科：</div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 yb ff1 fs2 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">测绘学<span class="fc0">（一级学科）；</span>摄影测量与遥感学<span class="fc0">（二级学科） </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 yc ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">以上内容由<span class="fc2">全国科学技术名词审定委员会</span>审定公布</div><div class="t m0 x1 h5 yd ff1 fs2 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">百科名片</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 ye ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">边缘检测是<span class="fc2">图像处理</span>和<span class="fc2">计算机视觉</span>中的基本问题，边缘检测的目的是标识数字</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 yf ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">图像中亮度变化明显的点。图像属性中的显著变化通常反映了属性的重要事件</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y10 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">和变化。 这些包括（<span class="ff2">i</span>）深度上的不连续、（<span class="ff2">ii</span>）表面方向不连续、（<span class="ff2">iii</span>）物质</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y11 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">属性变化和（<span class="ff2">iv</span>）场景照明变化。 边缘检测是图像处理和<span class="fc2">计算机视觉</span>中，尤其</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y12 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">是<span class="fc2">特征提取</span>中的一个研究领域。</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y13 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">目录</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y14 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">简介<span class="fc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y15 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">属性<span class="fc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y16 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">简单模型<span class="fc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y17 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">检测边缘<span class="fc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y18 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">阈值确定<span class="fc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y19 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">边缘检测算子</div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y1a ff1 fs1 fc2 sc2 ls0 ws0">编辑本段<span class="fc0 sc1">简介</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y1b ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">图像边缘检测大幅度地减少了数据量，并且剔除了可以认为不相关的信息，保</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y1c ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">留了图像重要的结构属性。有许多方法用于边缘检测，它们的绝大部分可以划</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y1d ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">分为两类：基于查找一类和基于零穿越的一类。基于查找的方法通过寻找图像</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y1e ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">一阶导数中的最大和最小值来检测边界，通常是将边界定位在梯度最大的方向。</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y1f ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">基于零穿越的方法通过寻找图像二阶导数零穿越来寻找边界，通常是</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y20 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Laplacian<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff1">过零点或者非线性<span class="fc2">差分</span>表示的过零点。</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y21 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc2 ls0 ws0">编辑本段<span class="fc0 sc1">属性</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y22 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">边缘可能与<span class="fc2">视角</span>有关—— 也就是说边缘可能随着视角不同而变化，典型地反映</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y23 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">在场景、物体的几何形状一个将另一个遮挡起来，也可能与视角无关——这通</div></div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a 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<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6277ec1177d3727348ec50d2/bg2.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y24 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">常反映被观察物体的属性如表面<span class="fc2">纹理</span>和表面<span class="fc2">形状</span>。在<span class="fc2">二维</span>乃至更高<span class="fc2">维空间</span>中，</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y25 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">需要考虑<span class="fc2">透视投影</span>的影响。</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y26 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">一个典型的边界可能是，例如一块红色和一块黄色之间的边界，与此相反的是</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y27 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">边线<span class="fc0">可能是在另外一种不变的背景上的少数不同颜色的点。在</span>边线<span class="fc0">的每一边都</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y28 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">有一个边缘。在许多<span class="fc2">图像处理</span>的应用中边缘都起着非常重要的作用。然而，在</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y29 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">最近几年，不明显依赖于边缘检测作为预处理的<span class="fc2">计算机视觉</span>处理方法研究取得</div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y2a ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">了一些实质性的研究<span class="ff3">成果</span>。</div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y2b ff1 fs1 fc2 sc2 ls0 ws0">编辑本段<span class="fc0 sc1">简单模型</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y2c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">自<span class="ff1">然界图像的边缘并不</span>总<span class="ff1">是理</span>想<span class="ff1">的阶梯边缘。相反，它们通常</span>受到<span class="ff1">一个或多个</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y2d ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">下<span class="ff1">面</span>所列因素<span class="ff1">的影响：</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y2e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1<span class="ff1">）有<span class="ff3">限</span>场景深度<span class="ff3">带</span>来的<span class="ff3">聚焦</span>模<span class="ff3">糊</span>。</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 yc ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2)<span class="ff1">非零<span class="ff3">半径光源产生</span>的<span class="ff3">阴</span>影<span class="ff3">带</span>来的<span class="ff3 fc2">半<span class="ff1">影</span></span>模<span class="ff3">糊</span>。</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y2f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3)<span class="ff3">光滑<span class="ff1">物体边缘的</span>阴<span class="ff1">影。</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y30 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4)<span class="ff1">物体边缘<span class="ff3">附</span>近的<span class="ff3">局</span>部<span class="ff3 fc2">镜<span class="ff1">面反</span>射</span>或者<span class="ff3 fc2">漫<span class="ff1">反</span>射</span>。</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y31 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">尽管下<span class="ff1">面的模型不</span>很完美<span class="ff1">，</span>但<span class="ff1">是</span><span class="fc2">误<span class="ff1">差</span>函<span class="ff1">数</span></span></div></div><div class="c x7 y32 w3 h8"><div class="t m0 x0 h4 y33 ff1 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _1"></span> </div></div><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y31 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">erf <span class="ff1">是常被用于实<span class="ff3">际</span>应用中边缘模<span class="ff3">糊</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y34 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">效果<span class="ff1">的</span>建<span class="ff1">模。</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y35 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">这<span class="ff3">样</span>，一个在位<span class="ff3">置</span> <span class="ff2">0 </span>有一个边界的一维图像 <span class="ff2">f </span>可以用<span class="ff3">下</span>面的模型来表示，其中</div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y36 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">σ <span class="ff1">被称为边缘模<span class="ff3">糊</span>度： </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h9 y37 ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span> <span class="_ _2"></span> <span class="_ _2"></span> <span class="_ _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y38 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">这<span class="ff3">样</span>，在边界的<span class="ff3">左侧</span>亮度是： </div><div class="t m0 x1 h9 y39 ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span> <span class="_ _2"></span> <span class="_ _2"></span> <span class="_ _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y3a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">右侧<span class="ff1">亮度是： </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h9 y3b ff2 fs1 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span> <span class="_ _2"></span> <span class="_ _2"></span> <span class="_ _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y3c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">注意<span class="ff1"> <span class="ff2">f </span>可以</span>写<span class="ff1">为</span><span class="fc2">卷积</span><span class="ff1">： </span></div></div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" 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