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<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62862887ce083560b8d7cb15/bg1.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">概览标签：房地产<span class="ls1">、</span>商业地产<span class="ls1">、</span>住宅地产<span class="ls1">、</span>产业地产<span class="ls1">、</span>土地一级<span class="ff2 ls1">/</span>二级市场<span class="ls1">、</span>土地</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws0">购置费<span class="ls1">、土<span class="_ _0"></span>地出让<span class="_ _0"></span>金<span class="_ _0"></span>、<span class="_ _0"></span></span>开发贷款<span class="ls1">、股<span class="_ _0"></span>权融资<span class="_ _0"></span>、<span class="_ _0"></span></span>债券融资<span class="ls1">、<span class="ff2">REITs<span class="_ _0"></span></span>、<span class="ls3">开发</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">商、<span class="ls0">承建商</span>、三通一平、<span class="ls0">预售款</span>、<span class="ls0">房产中介</span>、<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls0">物业管理</span>、房产税、<span class="ls3">集中</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">供地<span class="ls1">、三道红线、保障性住房、碧桂园、<span class="_ _1"></span>恒大地产、华润置地、万科集</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">团、<span class="ls0">保利发展</span>、<span class="ls0">万达地产</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y7 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws0">——土地市场遇冷，房企销售承压</div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y8 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws0">202<span class="ls1">1<span class="ff1 ls6">年中国房地产行业<span class="ls7">研究报告</span></span></span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62862887ce083560b8d7cb15/bg2.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y9 ff3 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws0">©<span class="ff4 ls8">2022 <span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1">HangHangCha</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 ya ff3 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls9 ws0">来源<span class="ls1">：<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls9">行行查研究中心整理</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 yb ff2 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">www.hanghangcha.com</div><div class="t m0 x7 h4 yc ff1 fs2 fc2 sc0 ls6 ws0">行行查简介</div></div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62862887ce083560b8d7cb15/bg3.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y9 ff3 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws0">©<span class="ff4 ls8">2022 <span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1">HangHangCha</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 ya ff3 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls9 ws0">来源<span class="ls1">：<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls9">行行查研究中心整理</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 yb ff2 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">www.hanghangcha.com</div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 yd ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 ls0">房地产：<span class="ff3">房地产是一个综合的概念<span class="ls1">，</span>从实物现象看<span class="ls1">，</span>它是由建筑物与土地共同构成<span class="ls1">。建筑物是<span class="_ _1"></span>指人工<span class="_ _1"></span>建筑而成的<span class="_ _1"></span>产物，包括房<span class="_ _1"></span>屋和构<span class="_ _1"></span>筑物两大类。<span class="_ _1"></span>土地可<span class="_ _1"></span>以分为未开<span class="_ _1"></span>发</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h7 ye ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">的土地和已开发的土地，建筑物依附土地而存在，与土地结合在一起。除实物表象外，<span class="ls0">法律</span>意义上的房地产本质<span class="_ _0"></span>是一种财产权利，这种财产权利是指寓含于房</div><div class="t m0 x2 h8 yf ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 lsa ws0">地产实体中的各种经济利益以及由此而形成的各种权利的集合<span class="ls1">。</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y10 ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 ls3">土地一级<span class="ff2 ls1">/</span>二级市场：<span class="ff3">土地一级市场是土地使用权出让的市场<span class="ls1">，<span class="lsb">即国家通过其指定的政府部门将城镇国有土地或将农村集体土地征收为国有土地后出让给使用者的市场<span class="_ _3"></span><span class="ls1">，</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y11 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">出让的土地<span class="ls1">，可以是生地，也可以是经过<span class="_ _1"></span>开发达到“三通一平”、“<span class="ls0">五通一平</span>”<span class="_ _4"> </span>或“七通一平”<span class="ls0">的熟地</span>。一级市场土地使<span class="_ _1"></span>用权的出让主要采取拍</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y12 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">卖、<span class="ls3">招标</span>、挂<span class="_ _0"></span>牌出让以<span class="_ _0"></span>及协<span class="_ _0"></span>议出让四<span class="_ _0"></span>种方式<span class="_ _0"></span>。<span class="ls3">土地二级市场是土地使用者经过开发建设</span>，<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls3">将新建成的房地产进行出售和出租的市场</span>。即一<span class="_ _0"></span>般指商</div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y13 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">品房首次进入流通领域进行交易而形成的市场<span class="ls1">。</span>房地产二级市场也包括土地二级市场<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls1">，</span>即土地使用者将达到规定可以转让的土地<span class="ls1">，进入<span class="_ _0"></span>流通领<span class="_ _0"></span>域</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y14 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">进行交易的市场<span class="ls1">。</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y15 ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0">“<span class="ls0">两集中</span>”<span class="ls0">政策：<span class="ff3">住建部于<span class="ff4 lsc">2021</span><span class="ls1">年<span class="ff4">2<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff3 ls0">月发布公告<span class="ls1">，</span>针对<span class="ff4 lsd">22</span>个重点城市实施<span class="ls1">“两集<span class="_ _1"></span>中”<span class="ls0">土地供给：</span>（<span class="ff4">1<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff3">）集中发布出让公<span class="_ _1"></span>告：原则上发布出<span class="_ _1"></span>让公告全年不<span class="_ _1"></span>得超过<span class="_ _5"></span><span class="ff4">3<span class="ff3">次，<span class="lse">时间</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y16 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">间隔和地块数量要相对均衡<span class="ls1">。</span>首次公告时<span class="ls1">，<span class="lsb">应公布年度公告的发布时序安排；</span>（<span class="ff4">2</span>）集中<span class="_ _0"></span>组织出让活动<span class="_ _0"></span>：同批次<span class="_ _0"></span>公告出让<span class="_ _0"></span>的土地以<span class="_ _0"></span>挂牌方式交易<span class="_ _0"></span>的<span class="_ _0"></span>，</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y17 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">应确定共同的挂牌起止日期；以拍卖方式交易的<span class="ls1">，</span>应连续集中完成拍卖活动<span class="ls1">。</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y18 ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 ls0">开发贷款：<span class="ff3">房地产开发贷款是指对房地产开发企业发放的用于住房<span class="ls1">、</span>商业用房和其他房地产开发建设的中长期项目贷款<span class="ls1">。房地<span class="_ _1"></span>产贷款的<span class="_ _1"></span>对象是注册<span class="_ _1"></span>的有房<span class="_ _1"></span>地产开发、经</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y19 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">营权的国有<span class="ls1">、<span class="lsf">集体</span>、外<span class="_ _1"></span>资和股份制<span class="_ _1"></span>企业。<span class="_ _6"> </span>房地产<span class="_ _1"></span>开发贷款期限<span class="_ _1"></span>一般不<span class="_ _1"></span>超过三年（<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls0">含三年<span class="ls1">）。</span>贷款原则上应采取抵押<span class="_ _1"></span>担保或借款人有处分权的国债<span class="ls1">、存单<span class="_ _1"></span>及备</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y1a ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">付信用证质押担保方式<span class="ls1">，</span>担保能力不足部分可采取保证担保方式<span class="ls1">。</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y1b ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 ls3">土地购置费：<span class="ff3 ls1">土地购置费指<span class="_ _0"></span>房地产开发<span class="_ _0"></span>企业通过各种<span class="_ _0"></span>方式取得<span class="_ _0"></span>土地使用权而支付<span class="_ _0"></span>的费用<span class="_ _0"></span>。<span class="_ _0"></span>土地购置费<span class="_ _0"></span>包括：<span class="_ _0"></span>（<span class="ff4">1</span>）<span class="ls3">通过划拨方式取得的土地使用权所支付的土地<span class="_ _1"></span>补偿费<span class="ls1">、</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y1c ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 lsa ws0">附着物和青苗补偿费<span class="ls1">、</span>安置补偿费及土地征收管理费等；<span class="ls1">（<span class="ff4">2</span>）通过<span class="_ _1"></span>出让<span class="_ _1"></span>方式取得<span class="_ _1"></span>土地使<span class="_ _1"></span>用权所支<span class="_ _1"></span>付的出让<span class="_ _1"></span>金；（<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff4">3<span class="ff3">）<span class="lsa">通过</span>“招<span class="_ _1"></span>、拍、挂<span class="_ _5"></span>”<span class="lsa">方式取得土地使</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y1d ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">用权所支付的资金<span class="ls1">。</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h4 yc ff1 fs2 fc2 sc0 ls6 ws0">名词解释<span class="ls1">（<span class="ff2">1/3</span>）</span></div></div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62862887ce083560b8d7cb15/bg4.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y9 ff3 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws0">©<span class="ff4 ls8">2022 <span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1">HangHangCha</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 ya ff3 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls9 ws0">来源<span class="ls1">：<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls9">行行查研究中心整理</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 yb ff2 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">www.hanghangcha.com</div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 yd ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 ls0">土地出让金：<span class="ff3">土地出让金作为政府性基金的重要组成部分<span class="ls1">，</span>是指各级政府土地管理部门将土地使用权出让给土地使用者<span class="ls1">，按规<span class="_ _1"></span>定向受让<span class="_ _1"></span>人收取的土<span class="_ _1"></span>地出让<span class="_ _1"></span>的全部价款</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h7 ye ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">（指土地出让<span class="_ _1"></span>的交易总额），或土地使用期<span class="_ _1"></span>满，<span class="lsf">土地使用者需要续期而向土地管理部门缴<span class="_ _0"></span>纳的续期土地出让价款<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1">，<span class="ls0">或原通过行政划拨获得<span class="_ _0"></span>土地使用权的土</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h8 yf ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 lsa ws0">地使用者<span class="ls1">，<span class="ls10">将土地使用权有偿转让<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1">、<span class="lsa">出租</span>、<span class="lsa">抵押</span>、<span class="lsa">作价入股和投资</span>，<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">按规定补交的土地出让价款<span class="ls1">。</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y10 ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 ls0">股权融资：<span class="ff3">股权融资是指企业的股东愿意让出部分企业所有权<span class="ls1">，</span>通过企业增资的方式引进新的股东<span class="ls1">，<span class="lsf">同时使总股本增加的融资<span class="_ _1"></span>方式<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1">。</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y12 ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 ls0">债权融资：<span class="ff3">债权融资是指企业通过举债的方式进行融资<span class="ls1">。</span>债权融资所获得的资金<span class="ls1">，企业首先要<span class="_ _1"></span>承担资<span class="_ _1"></span>金的利息，<span class="_ _1"></span>另外在借款到<span class="_ _5"></span>期后要向债权人偿还资金<span class="_ _1"></span>的本金<span class="_ _1"></span>。<span class="ls0">债权融</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y13 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">资的特点决定了其用途主要是解决企业营运资金短缺的问题<span class="ls1">，</span>而不是用于资本项下的开支<span class="ls1">。</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y1e ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2 fc0">REITs<span class="ff1">：<span class="ff4">REITs<span class="ff3">（</span>Real<span class="_ _7"> </span>Estate<span class="_"> </span>Investment<span class="_ _7"> </span>Trust<span class="ff3">）<span class="ls0">即房地产信托投资基金</span>。</span>REITs<span class="ff3">是<span class="ls0">房地产证券化的重要手段</span>。<span class="_ _1"></span>房地产证<span class="_ _1"></span>券化就是把<span class="_ _1"></span>流动性较低<span class="_ _1"></span>的、<span class="ls0">非证券形态的房地产</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y15 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">投资<span class="ls1">，直接转化为<span class="_ _1"></span>资本市场上的证券<span class="ls0">资产的</span>金融交易过程。房<span class="_ _1"></span>地产证券化包括房地产<span class="_ _1"></span>项目融资证券化和房地<span class="_ _1"></span>产抵押贷款证券化<span class="_ _1"></span>两种基本形式。<span class="ff4">REITs</span>是<span class="ls0">一种以发</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y16 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">行收益凭证的方式汇集特定多数投资者的资金<span class="ls1">，</span>由专门投资机构进行房地产投资经营管理<span class="ls1">，并将投<span class="_ _1"></span>资综合收益<span class="_ _1"></span>按比例分配<span class="_ _1"></span>给投资<span class="_ _1"></span>者的一种<span class="ls0">信托基金形式</span>。</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y1f ff5 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 lsa">项目销售回款率：<span class="ff3">项目销售回款率是指企业实收销售款与销售收入的总额的比率<span class="ls1">。一般用<span class="_ _1"></span>于衡量企<span class="_ _5"></span>业的经营能力。</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y19 ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 ls3">流动比率<span class="ff2 ls1">/</span>速动比率：<span class="ff3">流动比率是流动资产对流动负债的比率<span class="ls1">，用<span class="_ _0"></span>来衡量企<span class="_ _0"></span>业流动<span class="_ _0"></span>资产在<span class="_ _0"></span>短期债务到<span class="_ _0"></span>期以前，可<span class="_ _0"></span>以变为现金用<span class="_ _0"></span>于偿还负债的<span class="_ _0"></span>能力<span class="_ _0"></span>。</span>一般说来<span class="ls1">，比率越<span class="_ _0"></span>高，</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y1a ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">说明企业资产的变现能力越强<span class="ls1">，短期偿债能<span class="_ _0"></span>力亦越强；反<span class="_ _0"></span>之则弱<span class="_ _0"></span>。速动比<span class="_ _0"></span>率是指企<span class="_ _0"></span>业速动资产与<span class="_ _0"></span>流动负债<span class="_ _0"></span>的比率<span class="_ _0"></span>，</span>速动资产是企业流动资产减去</div><div class="t m0 x8 h7 y20 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">存货和预付费用后的余额<span class="ls1">，</span>包括现金<span class="ls1">、</span>短期投资<span class="ls1">、</span>应收票据<span class="ls1">、</span>应收账款等项目<span class="ls1">。</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y1c ff5 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 lsa">应收账款周转天数：<span class="ff3">应收账款周转天数是指企业从取得应收账款的权利到收回款项<span class="ls1">、转换为<span class="_ _1"></span>现金所<span class="_ _1"></span>需要的<span class="_ _1"></span>时间。是<span class="_ _1"></span>应收账<span class="_ _1"></span>款周<span class="_ _1"></span>转率的一<span class="_ _1"></span>个辅助<span class="_ _1"></span>性指标，<span class="_ _1"></span>周转<span class="_ _1"></span>天数越短<span class="_ _1"></span>，</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h7 y1d ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">说明流动资金使用效率越好<span class="ls1">。</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h4 yc ff1 fs2 fc2 sc0 ls6 ws0">名词解释<span class="ls1">（<span class="ff2">2/3</span>）</span></div></div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62862887ce083560b8d7cb15/bg5.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y9 ff3 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws0">©<span class="ff4 ls8">2022 <span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls1">HangHangCha</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 ya ff3 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls9 ws0">来源<span class="ls1">：<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls9">行行查研究中心整理</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 yb ff2 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">www.hanghangcha.com</div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 yd ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 ls0">房地产中介：<span class="ff3">狭义的房地产中介是指在房地产市场中<span class="ls1">，</span>以提供房地产供需咨询<span class="ls1">、</span>协助供需双方公平交易<span class="ls1">、</span>促进房地产交易形成<span class="_ _1"></span>为目的而进行的房地产租售的经纪活动<span class="ls1">、</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h7 ye ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">委托代理业务或价格评估等活动的总称。广义的房地产中介服务，是指覆盖房地产投资、经营管理、流通消费的各个环节和各个方面，为房地产的生产<span class="_ _1"></span>、</div><div class="t m0 xe h8 yf ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 lsa ws0">流通<span class="ls1">、</span>消费提供多元化的中介服务<span class="ls1">。</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y10 ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 ls0">物业管理：<span class="ff3">物业管理是指业主通过选聘物业服务企业<span class="ls1">，</span>由业主和物业服务企业按照物业服务合同约定<span class="ls1">，</span>对房屋及配套的设施设<span class="_ _1"></span>备和相关场地进行维修<span class="ls1">、<span class="lse">养护</span>、</span>管理<span class="ls1">，维</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h7 y11 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">护物业管理区域内的环境卫生和相关秩序的活动<span class="ls1">。</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y13 ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 ls0">房产税：<span class="ff3">房产税是以房屋为征税对象<span class="ls1">，</span>按房屋的计税余值或租金收入为计税依据<span class="ls1">，向产权所有<span class="_ _1"></span>人征收<span class="_ _1"></span>的一种财产<span class="_ _1"></span>税。</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y1e ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0">“<span class="ls0">三条红线</span>”：<span class="ff3">“<span class="ls0">三条红线</span>”<span class="ls0">指的是监管层收紧房企融资的三条标准</span>，<span class="ls0">要求控制房地产行业的有息<span class="_ _1"></span>债务增长<span class="ls1">，于<span class="ff4">2020<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff3">年<span class="ff4">8</span>月<span class="ff4 lsc">28<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff3 ls1">日发布并<span class="_ _1"></span>于<span class="ff4">2021</span>年<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff4">1<span class="ff3">月</span>1<span class="ff3">日<span class="ls0">正式推行</span>。<span class="_ _1"></span>开</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf h7 y15 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">发<span class="ls0">商将根据其突破红线规则的数量被分类：剔除预收款后的资产负债率是否超过<span class="ff4 lsd">70<span class="ls1">%</span></span></span>，净负债率是<span class="_ _1"></span>否超过<span class="ff4">100%</span>，<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls0">现金与短期债务比的是否超过<span class="ff4 ls1">1<span class="ff3">。</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y17 ff5 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0">“<span class="ls0">五档分类</span>”：<span class="ff3 ls0">房贷<span class="ls1">“</span>五档分类<span class="ls1">”</span>管理政策<span class="ls1">，<span class="_ _1"></span>是对对<span class="ls0">银行在房地产贷款占比</span>、<span class="ls0">个人住房贷款占比上<span class="_ _1"></span>采取额度占比<span class="ls1">“</span>双管控<span class="ls1">”。<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ls0">第一档是中资大型银行<span class="ls1">，包括<span class="_ _1"></span>工农中<span class="ls0">建交</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h8 y1f ff3 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">邮储<span class="ff4">6<span class="_ _0"></span></span>家国有大行和国家开发<span class="_ _0"></span>银行的房地产贷<span class="_ _0"></span>款占比上限为<span class="_ _8"></span><span class="ff4 ls11">40<span class="ls1">%</span></span>，<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ls12">个人住房贷款占比上限为<span class="ff4 ls13">32<span class="ls1">.5%</span></span></span>。<span class="ls12">第二</span>档是中资中型银行<span class="_ _0"></span>，<span class="ls12">包括<span class="ff4 ls11">12<span class="_ _0"></span></span></span>家全国性股份制<span class="_ _0"></span>银</div><div class="t m0 x10 h7 y18 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">行、<span class="_ _0"></span>农<span class="_ _0"></span>业发<span class="_ _0"></span>展<span class="_ _0"></span>银<span class="_ _0"></span>行<span class="_ _0"></span>、<span class="_ _0"></span>进<span class="_ _0"></span>出<span class="_ _0"></span>口<span class="_ _0"></span>银行<span class="_ _0"></span>以<span class="_ _0"></span>及资<span class="_ _0"></span>产<span class="_ _0"></span>规<span class="_ _0"></span>模<span class="_ _0"></span>较<span class="_ _0"></span>大<span class="_ _0"></span>的几<span class="_ _0"></span>家<span class="_ _0"></span>城商<span class="_ _0"></span>行<span class="_ _0"></span>如<span class="_ _0"></span>上<span class="_ _0"></span>海<span class="_ _8"></span><span class="ls2">银行</span>、<span class="_ _0"></span>北京<span class="_ _0"></span>银<span class="_ _0"></span>行<span class="_ _0"></span>等<span class="_ _0"></span>的<span class="_ _0"></span>房<span class="_ _0"></span>地产<span class="_ _0"></span>贷<span class="_ _0"></span>款<span class="_ _0"></span>占比<span class="_ _0"></span>上<span class="_ _0"></span>限<span class="_ _0"></span>为<span class="_ _8"></span><span class="ff4 lsc">27<span class="ls1">.5%</span></span>，<span class="_ _0"></span>个<span class="_ _0"></span>人<span class="_ _0"></span>住房<span class="_ _0"></span>贷<span class="_ _0"></span>款<span class="_ _0"></span>占<span class="_ _0"></span>比上<span class="_ _0"></span>限为</div><div class="t m0 x10 h7 y19 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsc ws0">20<span class="ls1">%<span class="ff3">。<span class="ls0">第三</span>档为中资小型银行和非县域农合机构，包括除了第二档以外的城商行、民营银行以及大中城市和城区农合机构，房地产贷款和个人住房<span class="_ _0"></span>贷款</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h7 y1a ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">的占比上限分别为<span class="ff4 lsc">22<span class="ls1">.5%<span class="ff3">和</span></span>17<span class="ls1">.5%<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff3">。</span></span></span>第四档为县域农合机构<span class="ls1">，房地<span class="_ _0"></span>产<span class="_ _0"></span>贷款和<span class="_ _0"></span>个人住房<span class="_ _0"></span>贷款的<span class="_ _0"></span>占比上限<span class="_ _0"></span>分别为<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff4 lsc">17<span class="ls1">.5<span class="_ _0"></span>%</span></span>和<span class="ff4 lsc">12<span class="ls1">.5%</span></span>。</span>第五档为村镇银行<span class="ls1">，<span class="_ _0"></span></span>两项</div><div class="t m0 x10 h7 y20 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">贷款的占比上限为<span class="ff4 lsc">12<span class="ls1">.5%<span class="ff3">和</span>7.5%<span class="ff3">。</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y1c ff5 fs5 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff1 fc0 lsa">保障性住房：<span class="ff3">保障性住房是指政府为中低收入住房困难家庭所提供的限定标准<span class="ls1">、</span>限定价格或租金的住房<span class="ls1">，</span>一般由廉租住房<span class="ls1">、<span class="_ _1"></span>经济<span class="_ _1"></span>适用住<span class="_ _1"></span>房、政策性<span class="_ _1"></span>租赁住<span class="_ _1"></span>房、<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="lsa">定向安置</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h7 y1d ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">房等构成<span class="ls1">。<span class="lsf">这种类型的住房有别于完全由市场形成价格的商品房<span class="_ _5"></span><span class="ls1">。</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h4 yc ff1 fs2 fc2 sc0 ls6 ws0">名词解释<span class="ls1">（<span class="ff2">3/3</span>）</span></div></div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
