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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="generator" content="pdf2htmlEX"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/base.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/base/css/fancy.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6287c3c2b305d84a4f93fe82/raw.css"> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/compatibility.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.pudn.com/base/js/pdf2htmlEX.min.js"></script> <script> try{ pdf2htmlEX.defaultViewer = new pdf2htmlEX.Viewer({}); }catch(e){} </script> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="sidebar" style="display: none"> <div id="outline"> </div> </div> <div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6287c3c2b305d84a4f93fe82/bg1.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y3 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">第<span class="ff3">3</span>章 <span class="ff3">MATLA<span class="_ _1"></span>B<span class="ff2">程序设计</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y4 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.1 M<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">文件</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y5 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.2 <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">程序控制结构</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y6 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.3 <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">函数文件</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y7 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.4 <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">程序举例</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y8 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.5 <span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">程序调试</span></div></div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.333333,0.000000,0.000000,1.333333,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> </body> </html>

<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6287c3c2b305d84a4f93fe82/bg2.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h5 y9 ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.1 M<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">文件</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h5 ya ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.1.1 M<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">文件概述</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h5 yb ff2 fs2 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _3"> </span>用<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">MATLAB<span class="_"> </span></span>语言编写的程序，称为</div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 yc ff4 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">M<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">文件。<span class="_ _3"> </span></span>M<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">文件可以根据调用方式的</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 yd ff2 fs2 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">不同分为两类：命令文件<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">(Script File)</span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 ye ff2 fs2 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">和函数文件<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">(Function File)<span class="_ _3"> </span></span>。</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.333333,0.000000,0.000000,1.333333,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6287c3c2b305d84a4f93fe82/bg3.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h6 yf ff2 fs3 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">例<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">3-1 <span class="_"> </span></span>分别建立命令文件和函数文<span class="_ _5"></span>件，将华</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y10 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">氏温度<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">f<span class="_ _4"> </span></span>转换为摄氏温度<span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">c<span class="_"> </span></span>。</div><div class="t m0 x1 h6 y11 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">程序<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">1<span class="_"> </span></span>： </div><div class="t m0 x1 h6 y12 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">首先建立命令文件并<span class="_ _5"></span>以文件名<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">f2c.<span class="_ _5"></span>m<span class="_"> </span></span>存盘。</div><div class="t m0 x1 h6 y13 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">clear<span class="_ _5"></span>; <span class="_ _5"></span> %<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">清除工作空间中<span class="_ _5"></span>的变量</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h6 y14 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">f=input('Input F<span class="_ _1"></span>ahre<span class="_ _5"></span>nheit temperature<span class="_ _3"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">：<span class="_ _4"> </span></span>');</div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y15 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">c=5*(f-32<span class="_ _5"></span>)/9</div><div class="t m0 x1 h6 y16 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">然后在<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">MATLA<span class="_ _5"></span>B<span class="_"> </span></span>的命令窗口中输入<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">f2c<span class="_"> </span></span>，将</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y17 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">会执行该命令文件，执<span class="_ _5"></span>行情况为：</div><div class="t m0 x1 h6 y18 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Input Fahrenheit temper<span class="_ _5"></span>ature<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">：<span class="_ _4"> </span></span>73</div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y19 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">c =</div><div class="t m0 x1 h7 y1a ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> 22.7<span class="_ _5"></span>778</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.333333,0.000000,0.000000,1.333333,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6287c3c2b305d84a4f93fe82/bg4.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y1b ff2 fs4 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">程序<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">2<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>：</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y1c ff2 fs4 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">首先建立函数<span class="_ _1"></span>文件<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">f2c.m<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>。</div><div class="t m0 x1 h9 y1d ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">function c=f2c(f)</div><div class="t m0 x1 h9 y1e ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">c=5*(f-32)/9</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y1f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">然后在<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">MATL<span class="_ _1"></span>AB<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">的命令窗口调<span class="_ _1"></span>用该函数文件。</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h9 y20 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">clear;</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y21 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">y=input('Input Fahrenheit temperature<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">：<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>');</div><div class="t m0 x1 h9 y22 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">x=f2c(y)</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y23 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">输出情况为：</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y24 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Input Fahrenheit te<span class="_ _1"></span>mperature<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">：<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>70</div><div class="t m0 x1 h9 y25 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">c =</div><div class="t m0 x1 h9 y26 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> 21.1111</div><div class="t m0 x1 h9 y27 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">x =</div><div class="t m0 x1 h9 y28 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> 21.1111</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.333333,0.000000,0.000000,1.333333,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>

<div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/6287c3c2b305d84a4f93fe82/bg5.jpg"><div class="c x0 y1 w2 h2"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h6 y29 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.1.2 <span class="_ _5"></span> M<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">文件的建立与打开</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y2a ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="fs4">M<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">文件是<span class="_ _1"></span>一个文本文<span class="_ _1"></span>件，它可以用任何<span class="_ _1"></span>编辑程序</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y2b ff2 fs4 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">来建立和编辑，<span class="_ _1"></span>而一般常用<span class="_ _1"></span>且最为方便的是<span class="_ _1"></span>使用</div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y2c ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">MATLA<span class="_ _1"></span>B<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">提供的文本编辑<span class="_ _1"></span>器。</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y2d ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">．建立新的<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>M<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">文件</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y2e ff2 fs4 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _8"> </span>为建立新的<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">M<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>文件，启动<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">MATLA<span class="_ _1"></span>B<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">文本编辑</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y2f ff2 fs4 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">器有<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">3<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>种方法：</div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y30 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> (1) <span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">菜单操作。从<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>MA<span class="_ _1"></span>TLAB<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">主<span class="_ _1"></span>窗口的<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">File<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>菜单中</span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y31 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">选择<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">New<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>菜单项<span class="_ _1"></span>，再选择<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">M-file<span class="_"> </span></span>命<span class="_ _1"></span>令，屏幕上<span class="_ _1"></span>将</div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y32 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">出现<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">MATLA<span class="_ _1"></span>B <span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">文本编辑器窗<span class="_ _1"></span>口。</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y33 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> (2) <span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">命令操作。在<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>MA<span class="_ _1"></span>TLAB<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">命<span class="_ _1"></span>令窗口输入命令<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">e</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y34 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">dit<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">，<span class="_ _1"></span>启动<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">MATLAB<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>文本编<span class="_ _1"></span>辑器后，输入<span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">M<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>文件</span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y35 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">的内容并存盘。</div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y36 ff4 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> (3) <span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">命令按钮操作<span class="_ _1"></span>。单击<span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">MATLAB<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>主窗口工具栏</span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y37 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">上的<span class="_ _8"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">New M<span class="_ _1"></span>-File<span class="_"> </span><span class="ff2 sc1">命令<span class="_ _1"></span>按钮，启动<span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">MATLAB<span class="_ _9"> </span></span>文本</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 y38 ff2 fs4 fc0 sc1 ls0 ws0">编辑器后，输入<span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="ff4 sc0">M<span class="_ _8"> </span></span>文件的内容并存盘。</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.333333,0.000000,0.000000,1.333333,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>