debian-vagrant：这将构建一个最新的Vagrant Debian Base Box

This builds an up-to-date Vagrant Debian Base Box. Currently this targets [Debian Buster 10](https://www.debian.org/releases/buster/). # Usage Install Packer 1.6+ and Vagrant 2.2.9+. ## Ubuntu Host On a Ubuntu host, install the dependencies by running the file at: https://github.com/rgl/xfce-desktop-vagrant/blob/master/provision-virtualization-tools.sh And you should also install and configure the NFS server. E.g.: ```bash # install the nfs server. sudo apt-get install -y nfs-kernel-server # enable password-less configuration of the nfs server exports. sudo bash -c 'cat >/etc/sudoers.d/vagrant-synced-folders' <<'EOF' Cmnd_Alias VAGRANT_EXPORTS_CHOWN = /bin/chown 0\:0 /tmp/* Cmnd_Alias VAGRANT_EXPORTS_MV = /bin/mv -f /tmp/* /etc/exports Cmnd_Alias VAGRANT_NFSD_CHECK = /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server status Cmnd_Alias VAGRANT_NFSD_START = /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start Cmnd_Alias VAGRANT_NFSD_APPLY = /usr/sbin/exportfs -ar %sudo ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: VAGRANT_EXPORTS_CHOWN, VAGRANT_EXPORTS_MV, VAGRANT_NFSD_CHECK, VAGRANT_NFSD_START, VAGRANT_NFSD_APPLY EOF ``` For more information see the [Vagrant NFS documentation](https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/synced-folders/nfs.html). ## Windows Host On a Windows host, install [Chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org/install), then execute the following PowerShell commands in a Administrator PowerShell window: ```powershell choco install -y virtualbox --params "/NoDesktopShortcut /ExtensionPack" choco install -y packer vagrant jq msys2 ``` Then open a bash shell by starting `C:\tools\msys64\mingw64.exe` and install the remaining dependencies: ```bash pacman --noconfirm -Sy make zip unzip tar dos2unix netcat procps xorriso mingw-w64-x86_64-libcdio for n in /*.ini; do sed -i -E 's,^#?(MSYS2_PATH_TYPE)=.+,\1=inherit,g' $n done exit ``` **NB** The commands described in this README should be executed in a mingw64 bash shell. ## qemu-kvm usage Install qemu-kvm: ```bash apt-get install -y qemu-kvm apt-get install -y sysfsutils systool -m kvm_intel -v ``` Type `make build-libvirt` and follow the instructions. Try the example guest: ```bash cd example apt-get install -y virt-manager libvirt-dev vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt # see https://github.com/vagrant-libvirt/vagrant-libvirt vagrant up --provider=libvirt vagrant ssh exit vagrant destroy -f ``` ## VirtualBox usage Install [VirtuaBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/). Type `make build-virtualbox` and follow the instructions. Try the example guest: ```bash cd example vagrant up --provider=virtualbox vagrant ssh exit vagrant destroy -f ``` ## Hyper-V usage Install [Hyper-V](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/quick-start/enable-hyper-v) and also install the `Windows Sandbox` feature (for some reason, installing this makes DHCP work properly in the vEthernet Default Switch). Make sure your user is in the `Hyper-V Administrators` group or you run with Administrative privileges. Make sure your Virtual Switch (its vEthernet network adapter) is excluded from the Windows Firewall protected network connections by executing the following commands in a bash shell with Administrative privileges: ```bash PowerShell -Command 'Get-NetFirewallProfile | Select-Object -Property Name,DisabledInterfaceAliases' PowerShell -Command 'Set-NetFirewallProfile -DisabledInterfaceAliases (Get-NetAdapter -name "vEthernet*" | Where-Object {$_.ifIndex}).InterfaceAlias' ``` Create the base image in a bash shell with Administrative privileges: ```bash cat >secrets.sh <<'EOF' # set this value when you need to set the VM Switch Name. export HYPERV_SWITCH_NAME='Default Switch' # set this value when you need to set the VM VLAN ID. export HYPERV_VLAN_ID='' # set the credentials that the guest will use # to connect to this host smb share. # NB you should create a new local user named _vagrant_share # and use that one here instead of your user credentials. # NB it would be nice for this user to have its credentials # automatically rotated, if you implement that feature, # let me known! export VAGRANT_SMB_USERNAME='_vagrant_share' export VAGRANT_SMB_PASSWORD='' # remove the virtual switch from the windows firewall. # NB execute if the VM fails to obtain an IP address from DHCP. PowerShell -Command 'Set-NetFirewallProfile -DisabledInterfaceAliases (Get-NetAdapter -name "vEthernet*" | Where-Object {$_.ifIndex}).InterfaceAlias' EOF source secrets.sh make build-hyperv ``` Try the example guest: **NB** You will need Administrative privileges to create the SMB share. ```bash cd example # grant $VAGRANT_SMB_USERNAME full permissions to the # current directory. # NB you must first install the Carbon PowerShell module # with choco install -y carbon. # TODO set VM screen resolution. PowerShell -Command 'Import-Module Carbon; Grant-Permission . $env:VAGRANT_SMB_USERNAME FullControl' vagrant up --provider=hyperv vagrant ssh exit vagrant destroy -f ``` ## ESXi usage [Install ESXi and ovftool](README-esxi.md). Type `make build-esxi` and follow the instructions. **NB** If this messes up, you might need to manually unregister the failed VM with, e.g.: ```bash ssh root@esxi.test # ssh into the esxi host. vim-cmd vmsvc/getallvms # list all vms and their id. vim-cmd vmsvc/unregister 1 # unregister the vm with id 1. ``` **NB** When in doubt see [the packer esx5 driver source](https://github.com/hashicorp/packer/blob/master/builder/vmware/iso/driver_esx5.go). Try the example guest: ```bash cd example vagrant plugin install vagrant-vmware-esxi # see https://github.com/josenk/vagrant-vmware-esxi vagrant up --provider=vmware_esxi vagrant ssh exit vagrant destroy -f ``` ## VMware vSphere usage Download [govc](https://github.com/vmware/govmomi/releases/latest) and place it inside your `/usr/local/bin` directory. Install the [vsphere vagrant plugin](https://github.com/nsidc/vagrant-vsphere), set your vSphere details, and test the connection to vSphere: ```bash sudo apt-get install build-essential patch ruby-dev zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev vagrant plugin install vagrant-vsphere cd example cat >secrets.sh <<EOF export GOVC_INSECURE='1' export GOVC_HOST='vsphere.local' export GOVC_URL="https://$GOVC_HOST/sdk" export GOVC_USERNAME='administrator@vsphere.local' export GOVC_PASSWORD='password' export GOVC_DATACENTER='Datacenter' export GOVC_CLUSTER='Cluster' export GOVC_DATASTORE='Datastore' export VSPHERE_ESXI_HOST='esxi.local' export VSPHERE_TEMPLATE_FOLDER='test/templates' export VSPHERE_TEMPLATE_NAME="$VSPHERE_TEMPLATE_FOLDER/debian-10-amd64-vsphere" export VSPHERE_VM_FOLDER='test' export VSPHERE_VM_NAME='debian-vagrant-example' export VSPHERE_VLAN='packer' EOF source secrets.sh # see https://github.com/vmware/govmomi/blob/master/govc/USAGE.md govc version govc about govc datacenter.info # list datacenters govc find # find all managed objects ``` Download the Debian ISO (you can find the full iso URL in the [debian.json](debian.json) file) and place it inside the datastore as defined by the `vsphere_iso_url` user variable that is inside the [packer template](debian-vsphere.json). See the [example Vagrantfile](example/Vagrantfile) to see how you could use a cloud-init configuration to configure the VM. Type `make build-vsphere` and follow the instructions. Try the example guest: ```bash source secrets.sh vagrant up --provider=vsphere vagrant ssh exit vagrant destroy -f ``` # Preseed The debian installation iso uses the [debian installer](https://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller) (aka d-i) to install debian. During the installation it will ask you some questions and it will also store your answers in the debconf database. After the installation is complete, you can see its contents with the following commands: ```bash sudo su -l apt-get install debconf-utils debconf-get-selections --installer less /var/log/installer/syslog ls -la /var/log/installer/cdebconf ``` In reality, before d-i asks a question, it will first look f