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<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62507cb96caf59619204e346/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">/Author<span class="_ _0"> </span>(Da<span class="_ _1"></span>vid<span class="_ _0"> </span>R.<span class="_ _0"> </span>Kohel)<span class="_ _0"> </span>/Title<span class="_ _0"> </span>(Cryptograph<span class="_ _1"></span>y)</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cryptography</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff2 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">David<span class="_ _2"> </span>R.<span class="_ _2"> </span>Kohel</div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ff1 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">July<span class="_ _3"> </span>11,<span class="_ _3"> </span>2008</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611850,0.000000,0.000000,1.611850,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62507cb96caf59619204e346/bg2.jpg"><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y5 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">This<span class="_ _0"> </span>w<span class="_ _1"></span>ork<span class="_ _0"> </span>is<span class="_ _0"> </span>licensed<span class="_ _0"> </span>under<span class="_ _0"> </span>a</div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y6 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Creativ<span class="_ _1"></span>e<span class="_ _0"> </span>Commons<span class="_ _0"> </span>A<span class="_ _1"></span>ttribution-Noncommercial-Share<span class="_ _0"> </span>Alik<span class="_ _1"></span>e<span class="_ _0"> </span>3.0<span class="_ _0"> </span>Unp<span class="_ _4"></span>orted<span class="_ _0"> </span>License.</div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y7 ff1 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">See<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff3 fs4 fc2">http://creativecommons.o<span class="_ _1"></span>rg<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="ff1 fs0 fc0">for<span class="_ _0"> </span>details.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h2 y8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">c</div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y9 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="ff1">Da<span class="_ _1"></span>vid<span class="_ _0"> </span>R.<span class="_ _0"> </span>Kohel</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611850,0.000000,0.000000,1.611850,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62507cb96caf59619204e346/bg3.jpg"><div class="t m0 x5 h2 ya ff5 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">ii</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611850,0.000000,0.000000,1.611850,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62507cb96caf59619204e346/bg4.jpg"><div class="t m0 x3 h3 yb ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">CONTENTS</div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 yc ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">1<span class="_ _5"> </span>In<span class="_ _1"></span>tro<span class="_ _4"></span>duction<span class="_ _3"> </span>to<span class="_ _6"> </span>Cryptograph<span class="_ _1"></span>y<span class="_ _7"> </span><span class="fc0">3</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 yd ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.1<span class="_ _8"> </span>Definitions<span class="_ _0"> </span>and<span class="_ _0"> </span>T<span class="_ _9"></span>erminology<span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _c"> </span><span class="fc1">3</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 ye ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.2<span class="_ _8"> </span>String<span class="_ _0"> </span>Monoids<span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _c"> </span><span class="fc1">4</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 yf ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.3<span class="_ _8"> </span>Cryptosystems<span class="_ _d"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _c"> </span><span class="fc1">7</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y10 ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">2<span class="_ _5"> </span>Classical<span class="_ _6"> </span>Cryptography<span class="_ _e"> </span><span class="fc0">9</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y11 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.1<span class="_ _8"> </span>Substitution<span class="_ _0"> </span>Ciphers<span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _c"> </span><span class="fc1">9</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y12 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.2<span class="_ _8"> </span>T<span class="_ _9"></span>ransp<span class="_ _4"></span>osition<span class="_ _0"> </span>Ciphers<span class="_ _d"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">13</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y13 ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">3<span class="_ _5"> </span>Elemen<span class="_ _1"></span>tary<span class="_ _6"> </span>Cryptanalysis<span class="_ _10"> </span><span class="fc0">19</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y14 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.1<span class="_ _8"> </span>Classification<span class="_ _0"> </span>of<span class="_ _0"> </span>Cryptanalytic<span class="_ _0"> </span>A<span class="_ _1"></span>ttac<span class="_ _1"></span>ks<span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">19</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y15 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.2<span class="_ _8"> </span>Cryptanalysis<span class="_ _0"> </span>b<span class="_ _1"></span>y<span class="_ _0"> </span>F<span class="_ _9"></span>requency<span class="_ _0"> </span>Analysis<span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">20</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y16 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.3<span class="_ _8"> </span>Breaking<span class="_ _0"> </span>the<span class="_ _0"> </span>Vigen<span class="_ _1"></span>`<span class="_ _12"></span>ere<span class="_ _0"> </span>Cipher<span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="fc1">24</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y17 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.4<span class="_ _8"> </span>Cryptanalysis<span class="_ _0"> </span>of<span class="_ _0"> </span>T<span class="_ _9"></span>ransp<span class="_ _4"></span>osition<span class="_ _0"> </span>Ciphers<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">26</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y18 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.5<span class="_ _8"> </span>Statistical<span class="_ _0"> </span>Measures<span class="_ _14"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">26</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y19 ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">4<span class="_ _5"> </span>Information<span class="_ _6"> </span>Theory<span class="_ _15"> </span><span class="fc0">31</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y1a ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.1<span class="_ _8"> </span>En<span class="_ _1"></span>trop<span class="_ _1"></span>y<span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">31</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y1b ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.2<span class="_ _8"> </span>Rate<span class="_ _0"> </span>and<span class="_ _0"> </span>Redundancy<span class="_ _2"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="fc1">33</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y1c ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.3<span class="_ _8"> </span>Conditional<span class="_ _0"> </span>Probabilit<span class="_ _1"></span>y<span class="_ _14"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">33</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y1d ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.4<span class="_ _8"> </span>Conditional<span class="_ _0"> </span>En<span class="_ _1"></span>trop<span class="_ _1"></span>y<span class="_ _16"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">34</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y1e ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.5<span class="_ _8"> </span>P<span class="_ _1"></span>erfect<span class="_ _0"> </span>secrecy<span class="_ _0"> </span>and<span class="_ _0"> </span>one-time<span class="_ _0"> </span>pads<span class="_ _17"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">34</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y1f ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">5<span class="_ _5"> </span>Blo<span class="_ _4"></span>c<span class="_ _1"></span>k<span class="_ _6"> </span>Ciphers<span class="_ _18"> </span><span class="fc0">37</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y20 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.1<span class="_ _8"> </span>Pro<span class="_ _4"></span>duct<span class="_ _0"> </span>ciphers<span class="_ _0"> </span>and<span class="_ _0"> </span>F<span class="_ _9"></span>eistel<span class="_ _0"> </span>ciphers<span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="fc1">37</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y21 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.2<span class="_ _8"> </span>Digital<span class="_ _0"> </span>Encryption<span class="_ _0"> </span>Standard<span class="_ _0"> </span>Ov<span class="_ _1"></span>erview<span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">40</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y22 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.3<span class="_ _8"> </span>Adv<span class="_ _19"></span>anced<span class="_ _0"> </span>Encryption<span class="_ _0"> </span>Standard<span class="_ _0"> </span>Ov<span class="_ _1"></span>erview<span class="_ _14"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">40</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y23 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.4<span class="_ _8"> </span>Mo<span class="_ _4"></span>des<span class="_ _0"> </span>of<span class="_ _0"> </span>Op<span class="_ _4"></span>eration<span class="_ _1a"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">41</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y24 ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">6<span class="_ _5"> </span>Stream<span class="_ _6"> </span>Ciphers<span class="_ _1b"> </span><span class="fc0">49</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y25 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">6.1<span class="_ _8"> </span>T<span class="_ _1"></span>yp<span class="_ _4"></span>es<span class="_ _0"> </span>of<span class="_ _0"> </span>Stream<span class="_ _0"> </span>Ciphers<span class="_ _1c"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">49</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h2 y26 ff5 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">iii</div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611850,0.000000,0.000000,1.611850,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://static.pudn.com/prod/directory_preview_static/62507cb96caf59619204e346/bg5.jpg"><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y5 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">6.2<span class="_ _8"> </span>Prop<span class="_ _4"></span>erties<span class="_ _0"> </span>of<span class="_ _0"> </span>Stream<span class="_ _0"> </span>Ciphers<span class="_ _d"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="fc1">50</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y27 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">6.3<span class="_ _8"> </span>Linear<span class="_ _0"> </span>F<span class="_ _9"></span>eedbac<span class="_ _1"></span>k<span class="_ _0"> </span>Shift<span class="_ _0"> </span>Registers<span class="_ _1d"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">50</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y28 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">6.4<span class="_ _8"> </span>Linear<span class="_ _0"> </span>Complexit<span class="_ _1"></span>y<span class="_ _1e"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">54</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y29 ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">7<span class="_ _5"> </span>Elemen<span class="_ _1"></span>tary<span class="_ _6"> </span>Number<span class="_ _3"> </span>Theory<span class="_ _1f"> </span><span class="fc0">59</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y2a ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">7.1<span class="_ _8"> </span>Quotien<span class="_ _1"></span>t<span class="_ _0"> </span>rings<span class="_ _20"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">59</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y2b ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">7.2<span class="_ _8"> </span>The<span class="_ _3"> </span>mod<span class="_ _3"> </span>op<span class="_ _4"></span>erator<span class="_ _21"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">60</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y2c ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">7.3<span class="_ _8"> </span>Primes<span class="_ _0"> </span>and<span class="_ _0"> </span>Irreducibles<span class="_ _d"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="fc1">61</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y2d ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">8<span class="_ _5"> </span>Public<span class="_ _6"> </span>Key<span class="_ _3"> </span>Cryptograph<span class="_ _1"></span>y<span class="_ _10"> </span><span class="fc0">67</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y2e ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">8.1<span class="_ _8"> </span>Public<span class="_ _0"> </span>and<span class="_ _0"> </span>Priv<span class="_ _19"></span>ate<span class="_ _0"> </span>Key<span class="_ _0"> </span>Proto<span class="_ _4"></span>cols<span class="_ _0"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="fc1">67</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y2f ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">8.2<span class="_ _8"> </span>RSA<span class="_ _0"> </span>Cryptosystems<span class="_ _d"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">70</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y30 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">8.3<span class="_ _8"> </span>ElGamal<span class="_ _0"> </span>Cryptosystems<span class="_ _22"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fc1">72</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y31 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">8.4<span class="_ _8"> </span>Diffie–Hellman<span class="_ _0"> </span>Key<span class="_ _0"> </span>Exc<span class="_ _1"></span>hange<span class="_ _1d"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="fc1">74</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y32 ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">9<span class="_ _5"> </span>Digital<span class="_ _6"> </span>Signature<span class="_"> </span>s<span class="_ _23"> </span><span class="fc0">79</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y33 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">9.1<span class="_ _8"> </span>RSA<span class="_ _0"> </span>Signature<span class="_ _0"> </span>Sc<span class="_ _1"></span>heme<span class="_ _1c"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _22"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="fc1">79</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">9.2<span class="_ _8"> </span>ElGamal<span class="_ _0"> </span>Signature<span class="_ _0"> </span>Sc<span class="_ _1"></span>heme<span class="_ _14"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _22"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="fc1">79</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y35 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">9.3<span class="_ _8"> </span>Chaum’s<span class="_ _0"> </span>Blind<span class="_ _0"> </span>Signature<span class="_ _0"> </span>Sc<span class="_ _1"></span>heme<span class="_ _1d"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="fc1">80</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y36 ff1 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">9.4<span class="_ _8"> </span>Digital<span class="_ _0"> </span>Cash<span class="_ _0"> </span>Sc<span class="_ _1"></span>hemes<span class="_ _20"> </span><span class="fc0">.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _22"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _b"> </span>.<span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="fc1">80</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y37 ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">10<span class="_ _0"> </span>Secr<span class="_"> </span>et<span class="_ _3"> </span>Sharing<span class="_ _24"> </span><span class="fc0">83</span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y38 ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">A<span class="_ _1e"> </span>SAGE<span class="_ _6"> </span>Constructions<span class="_ _25"> </span><span class="fc0">87</span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y39 ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">B<span class="_ _26"> </span>SA<span class="_ _1"></span>GE<span class="_ _6"> </span>Cryptosystems<span class="_ _27"> </span><span class="fc0">97</span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y3a ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">C<span class="_ _21"> </span>Solutions<span class="_ _3"> </span>to<span class="_ _6"> </span>Exercises<span class="_ _28"> </span><span class="fc0">103</span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y3b ff6 fs0 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">D<span class="_ _1e"> </span>Revision<span class="_ _6"> </span>Exerci<span class="_"> </span>ses<span class="_ _29"> </span><span class="fc0">133</span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y26 ff5 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">iv</div><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' onclick='return false;'><div class="d m1"></div></a><a class="l" rel='nofollow' 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